AN ANT4ROPOLOGY OF IMAGES An Anthropology of Images PICTURE, MEDIUM, BODY Hans Belting Trarsiated by Thames Dunlep pRincrTow & Ox?ORD Soup Cy Le Qe Gunes, Mazes Paaigon ce wal hate he stp of Sree Sh 198 Phos Le Ques ig Pale Noe us toc nd CONTENTS 1 eu Iron forthe El Reader 1 A Anchroplogy oflmages: Blears, Medium, Body The Linus of ages The Living Buy 3 The Coat of Aumsand te Portis Two Media ofche Body ere orl Deas Erbin in Ely Ces Medis aed Boies Dantes Shadows and Greenavays TV “Ths Transpacuty of doe Mediate Te Phouyaphic lage Notes Biblegsphy Fader AN ANTHROPOLCGY OF IMAGES ‘A New Introduction for the English Reader “Tae present book was fst pulled in German fn 2001 and caused gute» Ibeof dsusion in the uaz, especially shovgh relat, sa the eld fart hssory. ks te, ld. Aniroptei, infeed de coke ofa aah pologeal wewpoine a speaking of mage” erm ws bras defini Foal Bild meansin German bock mage” ar "pitate” Te fast ape Sin exerse in theory, ality rather davnringone aa is sgo-should Soc dscourage the rear from consaling che es Teer a practical pr Sosein 20s ms aguidlineor the essech growp "mage Medial Bods” She Schoo! for New Misia in Kaistube, where meer resteseai se a deiplines including a- hiscory,phlesophy. an pryelaygy—net 0 toy image i dey dspace contests The secon chaper lok, bse onsite ena man body we ts apace Tormey. dca snd Imiginacon, aa ving aed forimages, Thesernaining shapers ffer ase stadies in which setheordclaprosel Assoc nthe Ese vo capes applied They nero leper nee nat be rad in seqesnss The tied chaprer stale te yer ‘St of che independent aan pore «pie sje secre np ‘ueuly ro religious themes, The fourth chaprer races he org laa Dictutesnaking Bick to the fanereal cea. Thoagh the diversion coves ovhig ler evan slg chis cape epresens in my view, the les ‘ohebuok. The Fh chaprerinvegites forte frei. neglected pent ff Dances etre cory based on the mol of exe human sae Th st Shaper deds with photography. moze specically wth phowography’s wa. ses and pase meaning, ang reveals that tis mes branch of petre Inakiaghss inal prehistory. ‘eon at a igen apg pe Esterase wl ce cc arses» euleualy decried nn sue Forsrtopolgialiniy, Treat istnias worse aldsones bes que 2 InTROgUCTION FoR THE ENoLisH READED tos A work of art—be ita pica; seupeure, ora prine—i angie abjer with history an objec det ca be casi, dined, and exhib An mage on the other hand defies sus aonprs oF mien, eve the ferent shat itofen straddles he bouudary Letter pial and rental ex tence lena livin amock of at bu. le snagedos we necevarly coincide ‘vith the work ofa, The Engllaaguage dcinesor bres "enape” aal ie persnent but ony in dhe scan Ua iain ce icc a= tren the"lmage” thats be sobject ou ys she peut” in whi ‘Sacimage may resde, Ac furdameitleych diegaion of wh an nage Trrequiresa ono Fld answer Wena ade dicing roy vaca af agiven medion eis phovogeihy, pug cx vile bucalrsn teas afer sees fore gensat nages usw ican naginngs poral perecprions) har we ply ov ga ics nae a ch vive wel Tedonce ue the een ‘anthiopology” indie sense ot elology bu vathie according is Lucopean dein whic nes sue expla 1 Ese rope the za has the bioader meaning ofa "altwral aulepolgy ea ingthe Kanan definition of hon bengal haan nace general] insion thesed stincions, sas usit oe cise ction betes" ge” ‘hich ae the subject of dis stay, and “at wi oon ode aid trong xpecations English audopolugis lave wane desired "a thropology ofa” oF ck uy Uintative bjt uate nd are vred co Treakwidracshetks inode tocreare”asuggonted nape ewe Tdo rot wane inefe wid this clean ili oui henson ut dbo thy German de event butler bs Bidesiehaf Perce 2 Tom Micchell oa new ied of isaac. uewoin fs neo ruin med ‘edology i he lin at ould the und of kamie mea noe based fon teas Te dete howeves, centers us dhe quccin of whether oe iy dye studies tea pa of ae his Tay in sive up an unnecessary lot Eve Ent Gobi ine cote in evo dips, nis “setlist at hiuory anda prtheloy of perception, Alby Warburg wold Tine usvete is own anampology of mage had hie einking nor been ‘aise ase icuology of Eran Panky and Pdgar Wind Leareco ake tp Wabusy’ ae opoley snl his Kederisennywichour quoting, [OF histories him, ay saves need to be appropriated fr ots ow ‘ne. The ate applies che meaning of conolagywhics his 2 be sede Fal Zor ae and broker applicnions tha anscend te bordecines of at Tory propel peaking sori nehnoplagy ae che Free Unies Belir--ceaves strong tothe philosophical adi on uf Nobere Has, Helmut Plsiner and Vieeer Tarne, whos “ahi lof peformancs” has served ara eqoen inspiron ta France tres "slay ounded by Mare Aughat the Ecole des hasten dudes’ Auge’ Poskion i best sali his book nebpoogy fr Conceoniry Wan wreoowerion FoR THE ENGLISH READER 3 Po cs cle. on ble oped Fe eee nla ger dre Chee Be oly wtf cea nga mage Renee meer annem peers rile inp’ Ania eet ted Ca Tae wecmstetm Cn dedecotog etl Sanctum chong gt ep age it Cl con Roe Vemet dprgnno Ce ge cr cel topo ote Reg wc Pls ele rh est eae te ugmon dt Nema tnughr co ight clove inks sha exe becom the inary otal Meco easet inion oes feel Graben Ben isco clag tsorcembat rember Pets ow ots sing is lope eich ow Pan gee kr in wring of ik ad rk oy en fay explain why the hetiege of Greece sl Lows nd epiremolog Ty sin isto vespond so Verane's configurstin is proposing a close and Fundmentlinerchition (andeven neersction} Fenage body, components in every aempe at pcrre making’ Tomace ny torhwopologil discourse with che epic “Image and Death whe, in. 195, Upsispared in colloquy dediared zo the mean af dea inthe die sent ligions and calecres ofthe wel. Is soon sean clear thet Thad Fhe opon avi ares of svar fora ay of tae making of ings. Booy Sul tedium are bork involved in the meaning of Fanerel images ait the ‘icing ody ofthe dead in whose place image are nll, Bur shete cages Hiram ar in esd oF an arial body in eres thr they might occupy the ‘aca plas ofthe decensed. Tic rsa hody maybe called theme” (ide se ater") he terse has image needed erabodinenesn der ‘sac vsbey. To ahi end or dy tr eachanged force inal bd ii imaze, Flere we grap che mem af thar very comradcion which wil Fiver characters rages imager make a phi a body) ebcne vishle Tyruformingeinccennic rence, The medinliy Figs cace ooned Tt abody analogy, Our bodies functon as medi themeees liring mecia 3s lopped eo fbristed ened. Imager ely um twa symbolic sew which bash {olrourlivinabodysthesceofdvication snd the ace of poeeption,theone Beng the purpoe the abe, Tour Sines we expect thatthe deh uf public person wil be a sedia Sree. The pierre of tae deveued i ses tointrogucs these in thelr new Unk pier) mara The phe oeapies she same fer a corresponding) 4 INTROGUCT ON FOR THE ENGLISH READER plein he masses ed the portsys when lve at wheres te fue repre presrcewhen ht peso wale the monet death ‘meaning chang-tanl scent uence, Wes epesence en od the surwe of hae "emboli sachangeo ich Jan Bandra decfomed ‘amos bok Ie shomeser nor he meaniggf den bu the uae or eh image hs our pc hate A swomewhor sma pespecav ale in pare eho} Rigs Debra’ bn Vier mde mage Int ects cle age a domesicaed “tere” hee soins song inkl to dee He ghey isis onthe mporence af the echoolgialand hse elaon ‘of pus mea thereon yeas abel nae dey iesfabiation swell at hy sbseguen ception’ Bat Debs ie ex ‘Weigh images thrive ony in aur hing ad in our iagiation. Fe Sites Gaston ichelreormol that “death ha in bec mcg a sllever rein an age ince edo oc kooy what deh ele Inarerto cope withthe neogl onus othe meal emg Deeayin rode the usin pare Fv eee the gaara wer ore ming metal ingest reril pce andl hack, While Deve rede In The acer Tag snl out the ene images Deby es o8 the gas asthe fe oe rms pictus a ge sed en age ns ler" The ie des re meng fn the pas chs thee Ince Frou ead” Te rm rer han bang meno imp eng body Asanhok: The Fench com npn ech the tplcatonet prone gate ats Aierenzcanoronsrhon te Engh erm as looks pace a English tegan™ nde” comecloerrohat bey mca asdotheworis "wee" watdh cut watch anpearin delat vieey fhe Franch apn Werte sondemned rie in the hbynthofoce ew language whith of atirand eve coseollpursef hesomanti ie tet, cherchy ling ult > describe and at Uc same Geno a ‘owing ry hiking, The sme Lind of api sppicn othe vocabulary forthe pre of ranesing sage eho dan prodacing pice) teothy chane that bry dedicate sporhe boot the poco of tani sin Tne) se which he ges a earache aed he In amfropelogc rms would enue agin the rgd dul tats sem caimeto digi heron “inal al eer” "ops, ‘eorfenewoblgial arch Out bain cen hese of nce cep- ‘enntion Endogsins images wove, act rogeous ag ich ‘el dominant ongargbatkand rh Tagesdo ae ca oniyon thera anche TV seen nord they ea ony nou head Thoy oa nobel fom = consis roe af aractions an thar pron has left its rrscesie ch ss Iiseory fares This ave seas ws Boron Stiegl Bi tei os ta td dip soe reaps deca sue ages images ety tel gc" Ters breed i URS ae Ri Siete re eeripa eine Perch no fsa ties nceien'c wey toxpecnecel Peon cesar poin lemme eae tater arcs Dee db Tene ire tegen hot Bee sid its oactpean aero tela ce nest 7 Sepa ies ly eee oliecto rame ei Pesala tac cp Send See on tpl se ae ste ten sense eee Pesto de clone iaconte folder Sond whadedc ple Se ean peimetiares ess esc Dope od fd cn Tove pane agit alco its mxaeal ce pg SSE iy Uaioe cane Sie hae persapalnenige rele teeed Hien osc witide orton calyip esas of min esta? Brey he cn cety pene Poe bdo oe ge of Deg ia ain bra x ved Cd eljranten che Bee Siecle cncmendi and become oles an ie one es Be iar en melons tne hex ore nny Pe fesasand wae cFvacal mein are andthe une ple Seon Prseld ccten bro bia sooner ere navn med oy sting wiring nl eninge Rison psn cio Spey ur Uc (oe inn parton bdo} a we rales gh mea fom ings So re undeundan ina be cat Single objc(a pepe rns ar camyle nes sel Ge by sibelonedoncinchepossga) The esol poral mdi none Won none hing thc lnneneo ofphocogtapy ay und metal dipision Ahoshes hing, The dsincton beeen ingen nina eplin ar Alber neronl sc cn om tons to th nar. wl of Hhelomon arin lamin wher» conaer on tomas Regu eo ihr af mei ce ther prof a quron ably aro Aes he aac’ ee Di bern aise Svinte he mes ina gen choke atone bythe ied male Ti eunpa wl sre ln te dinton bemoan ne Bit comesin visser snr meg ony acevo Wgtismetnoxmedhm-sopor aang tks angie andoasral Machi sect ees omtacheeheroge ao teagan Wel iene rn thought eae decucton sd ie Mtb asinendl by che aca cnccam lenchan hy dors image ofc physical presence, in aio deprive ras pubic presence is cxinunce i he pbliesphoreDesencion in sich asace leas symbole ashe ‘rig inal acim oe ierducrnn of che iige nen the public pace. The sloruction is dieced ayant the image [1 con ofthe eemy inthe public ‘eg rangi) Maa ret arson te we 06 bres HE ‘ie etn 7 tes elon Salar eros in Bega wesc inoges precbetg kOe ed arecehChger is owt Bitte ea eltatnasen of spall Eames peooiceua peranes be fete ieee ‘fhe people cab inansca ewcearsgeisl want Herbier bull mee ohare ones inher of fan ion “Theimage irene so our gare cerctin'y Bt hat pretence, or ie re inoblivion orsonrenpe farexeimagein the mince lets che medion in which he Image axpear. whether on a monizar orem oped Sel esd en hg nt bo acct tr SH acy ul pps vee of charmed hich they ts panded they already ot the very presence hat rey are mean ro wane The tone Sr lediacpliogsp hot ciation pave st pabibla thr ieleiede thee obec. In this este pardox ofirenges in che Face that chey are or mony the preence fn absence and his prado iin prea remleof our pacity endings image and median, Weare willing hysetmeofthsichosex msi, They need presences mediam in erdst symbolive she abence of whe hey epson. The body analy here comes inca pla agai The elation bern abacnce,ndsrecod asia ad pretence ndertood as viable i inthe Final instance « body expos Memocy fa bod experince at generics ing of abn events x people remembered fom atone tne or place, We en to nage prccnt what in fice Has Tong beea absense tute the snc aby te ce pictus (Gachasphorognyps ofthe dend) shar we abst, The med ality of tue isshus the mising link berween images and ue bai, Teilusrute what chis book nec tod, Ll ac asa example x 1974 sven by che Kossarboen video arcit Natu June lk, The archetype of ie long sets of TV-Buddhas this work emplls the shorr-sirele eeu snhich wus yute-oFthete oe die tne (Fig 1)" A short cei, produc bbyavieo camera, proce the ane enage ewenty fe timera second omen 2 “TY nt, Thar of Badd stato ich ie placed x Bot ofthe T Viren The we rele end peti) heres bercen TT) sd Nip de inseam tacbecrene feos ea lena hich]. Bringuie se the Cai du cnt calle he "opsgu da dineet agai dine Sdiey tia beeen pcteicued eee ‘rida 196) phone ofa emscar on Peach TV whee rage emg ‘on he monitor whe he ype In his TV Buddha, Paik fest configure fo ered images with she representation of abaece, Beouse they ee FRE i Nass fane Bais ation vw oft chitin Project Nes Je Pub ache Museum of Maven Are, New ark: agua 29, 1977 decugh Gere 10,1577. Galan dre prin 17.85 24. cm, Photographic Archive The Maveta ff Medem Ars Archives New ark, Dig inage The Maen of Maden A Licensed by SCALA/Ars Resource NY. I wnt ae okciteemlrvirecencnarn ob Boo ehh et conor ek eth ee inl TV). only sa Dad image Ba ore dey cen icoes ant aera ek BR Sec Aner a celal voll vi cece ang {Fb orb ove, Dk dec rc ads the su vines bu aad ee Mee Fn cs ves By an of te socaled Buh ware eich Ipidenlly ov acolyasarveof« Budo of buds monk) nd theo whih soe sly efcng > ue Snuled by che shore Els erence men snd pontoons adeccing carob Heres shesqccdo®de new mado arddexculpur! nmol of thei mr ihe exe) bch oFapaes oii but the oe cna che esac cmintall A wecompr the dae [ene iad alco income The tage wees cicrins fthe Uthestie nor she TVaceen temageinew gus end vith pander! ambush hoy beer cvo tue both IS an ged nox emch In 1974 pervmarcewhica wok pore Hehe wvk he bt hil ped sence fe Vth fing yer anther rant he Gran relation of ina ‘mediam, and rie = A note an how the present book originally published in Germania 2001, fein the context of my lanetennrexcach may be of some ier the reader ks anrcederts were sich publistions as Fakes and Proence i Ger ‘van, Bid wd Kel) whose reach ele atuleyand also bypassed meseta piste arate, and Eun sce to eit ry nuit pleture- raking" Jn 2003, leatnesar the College de Fein opened my eyes co the sigalicance ‘ofthe fuman gue in picture eheory. hey took me ito Basle di regard Ihistory ofthe pus) and thus expendee my undersansing nse chee con ‘epts_imige, nein, and bod}—vhich guide the prsene book, The fist, pueducs of te Pari ectares wereewo ears published inant anchology tiled Uileriggen (Phare se) Esa on ths Window paradigm inthe hiory ff lookingand on ourchanging view of the heavens folreed."The mos i portanc esl, however, wan shook published 2008 wih che de Free fond Bagdad. ie weeice Gece des Bk, due co be published in transit on by Harvard Caeriy Pres in 201, with the new subside: Ar Science en Reratsunce Art, ss main arguments have heen summarized in howe esay "Paspecthe: Arab Mahemaeis and Resussnce hich appeared ns 2008 iste oF Lamypene Rew Fala book shouldbe menioned shar exis in German and brenea only (Das ie Til hich eke the querion why vm desp-teallevdence tha the guest ishopees, nonetheless contin to serch for someting ikea nue sage, ‘sperialy in theeligious spate Tear et the present hook go withousa ew remarks onthe unavoidable pisfls of tansation, Despite acoxecaleboriin with the patien-tarslatos, Taomas Dunlap, who ws an incredible help, the esuls are fr from what woud like them ro be. A book that as beca thoughe and vercen in Ger tran, should be rewrite, and rconceived asa new boos in English —a ask iraposile fora 6 even consider, Nan Jone Paik great aust and a play false of such langoages as German, Engish, French, Krew nd panes, ‘ace wrote that we belese we ink with ey languages but more oe Lane {gues chink with us. subscribe to she rah ofthis seatemene wholeherec ‘My desperation withthe remlatin prev 0 a pot where | deided o omit anenttechaper becase seemed ro resi any mcaningl eansacion, That hapter "Dat Kiera Menaconbil. Eine Reprentation in dr Ki ‘ane fou yin she French, Spanish, and several other tans ations. The reader maybe sare or etted by some passages in the present ransaton rele offer he fellowing capt in hopes ena ie wil ify ar he tet somecof de fundamen ders developed in thevest ofthe Book. Als of pos Sie help ate ewo esays pebliched in English i Cal lagu) and inthe (Clark Stein he Va bot in 2005 An Anthropology of Images: Picture, Medium, Body Pictorial Theory end Media Theary While chs Become fishionale in eecet years pen abowe “mages” chs Uisconrc has ought light considerable confiinn inthe Language chat ancl ne confsion that is meray gloned over by the word “mage” In Goria Br ample ids used for both nage” al “iceste” Though eotle are aor tale abour she ame thing, chey are nomethes wsing ee ant ord Some author cree the impression char images ine ate In dis Waboiod Rom which not even ere ages inimsgirariand memory. they ae al coluniue ovr bodes Others associat images boacly with ae! however ifn no-by sn ibibo bynes ‘eke bebcer wha symbolic meaning anda and of eral “une” Sel thers lent images wholsale hiconicsgns scar ted ccthewen thr atmibue and toni Finally three cholo he cantina ages from masala Sesh suc Thi cation sword abd mesnngs lr he psi and hac vere prone rm be Si co now comtnnetis in which efntons ae contested, AX res we en speak the sane way abo ery ifaeneignges, ure alan apy ‘ep difficny modes of daconse 0 thevame kinds of ines thopologial appreach-—uncertonding antral gyi he Ewopeaa sense of Riera or ealearaanthopology—one can ‘gore the inten: dual meaning of she amisolicenety we cal ve “imay Fis phenomenon thar e both neem ae esta, and chs ery daly Iernysies anthropological grown ding An inspec noe than a proto [erepson Ie iscrested as thereto pesonal oc colctiveknowlelg aa Taunton. We live wi images we comproend the weld image. Ard his living epersry ofr inemal images consect with the physi! prod tfeareal putures cha we age the cil em, “Ax anopelogia approach hac a deen sm ean an apprise se (the evolution af, ay, echnical media or ore From the peapectie of sciepology, we arc the mager af oe age, out father i a sense a ta chAPTER cher ner the enone our bodies out bain} othar en ifeseens at searenclargegentingthenanterenthough est amempouncca Sg chase she esc th images hare conta sages “tbesod reflect te changingcne of aman hor. They ave, or ex fle nodnutesbourhow clangec human nares Sociedad mages Aha cheyhave ened cess son arheyn longer dor mended ‘cover Tamed of eimensimgucs, pap etme the mpg they ve SiR Uncersy abr tees create de deseo change te mages of That lf rpreseaion. The lege permanence of human Reet at Seundly ort bye histor of ages icin making. aso pacicin whichall cass engage, hast bedi igus fom vl peejuan egret oan ment PES, forts Thequston What sapere” sen oaks char 2 pletr con of wha subjes oe ines doc poray. and th. Buz This tnine of the ptr emt be undertord wits the “how whos inode wetbsonc unde sendingofthe rst strszgy by wich ee Whar incaried we its ke dau whch one can Kole eh wh” tn the scan of content a theme fom the ho” of eto, ise escine The*how sth ue saeen che el peek of cn THnevcetheshow i tr nlunced by the chosen met Pgh hich wepereie plcures in the xterm wos aad with he eof which, come sie hough megs hme be ansat chgaison whose wansmston fe for aco sexs hey ae vnal ease sft make hem ible bec ati of iar een Teel whether thy ape in pining. hovgraphe porn som fo Bur he sone itll moll the mean ops, tl nea oper douse Pari toe do not belong thesameialecale Jie rene teria hs ns ences to aso heey fama separ place winch pis age” In ase he et of whethe the digi age wel ts auc a mesa bison Thshoravieemso be theprefenetliy—ieals fran ene new rune Digi echowlois ene me ages suc av mana sacs Sd estas nara ancy cheer cl fan observer rained in che ged pean Co epi how nage operon workin his new sri These image vrs to aden synexs tha did anlogoe Fuse me Ad orc ey ston Bere! gles lc within neve hry ofreesennt cae "woul be aboveall aks of mda, srehecurer oftepemneion* Tropes to speak of age and indium a eva sdes of he sme coin, chovgh they spl m our gt and ceandifeoneching. Te pane ie ea wie medi The a undetstco ths way, eavampases bath ont and “ace ich ate dices conespawhen We tak ou worss larand asthe objets le, sow that ania depo frm sco ava on he age-old isn beeen i ere Set jac so octn snes th act ld docs nor ep © 2 up beeren geal inn, th tae overload ee bie els ca fr anew drcanion with renee is um ie hiro hcl med Duet aan ae pact ranma che wc hgh images were ning things rage peek pa fr a nina yoo ee hs uted hy cel Fie ad pra echeoges Srcepee medi it fa complemenes sh of image and body ep si naming nk stew mdm hp ba le image wee gout hin ns na th elo br. The dsincon Tracer dae and mei a one nthe clRexpercnsc of ur body The Masa menoryand maginaionsepncrted in oncbown body she body PS iring media srvghwkal they ne expec, om edit te tececem mony ase lady’ own ing achive and neon as The bad oe gentaron ages bs plains oe eis body expe posh ts seats of enor peste probed fom eng rae i ocm Fe Belge side seu) na leo promer people ev whet ue deemed ase ings: Magis pci: operat th he epost fircaonconseseng peso ts cule oor: dol mer and pute feel ubsance af he yrce wo wok, Inorsr word concn 2 tet the edi powsion wll magicendows he edt wih power “Themed of mage leaf bey chee Fs. ween safe of medal syitolicor asta lies, Second hemes ins tem Shes upon ourboly exponen ech se prspeon ors aos Thor ony chy bth soil ua cf out body snd make us ogee. Ars tence pine ate ptt ait hand of be Tis Erceranneclecenic ea wie engage inte dro: of mage Mes disconect idea be anes fom of bousxpecece for his asec pra ex recede an xed cl prep Boe pyc tc canny ong. bodies She ein ta purse uge coded n mecha brig ou: body a Tg edi ofa evn tack inet dctsion” Semi snc of mode nieyh eu a Ihewerldofbwii fs sascha separated the wold of igas From lap dongeiie opine sss enh sy Pe hs din eo Scour len poses nn eos 0 be ee cri ign enyuney crn ngs ee el Bey ccs othe ping en) eng ceneny oslo Baths Fonsi cu ra ho epretin cncprofiae Way wih he ny ati ced gig : Min sda ec ay tge seca ror ics shes sng pascal medion nc An or phosopnpts & gual