ANSlllSEA 107-2004 (REVISION OF ANSlllSEA 107-1999) American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear Secretariat International Safety Equipment Association Approved September 15, 2004 American National Standards Institute, Inc. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially American concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is National intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect Standard preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. The American National Standards lnstitute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no persons shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by International Safety Equipment Association 1901 North Moore Street, Suite 808, Arlington, Virginia 22209 USA Copyright 2004 by ISEA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of Arnetka This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Canvass Method. The following organizations were contacted prior to the approval of this standard. Inclusion in this list does n6t I necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI. M AA utomotive Services Louisiana Department of Transportation American Public Transit Association Maryland State Highway Administration American Road and Transportation Builders Association Memphis Light Gas &Water Co. American Society of Safety Engineers Minnesota Department of Transportation City of Chicago National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health City of Seattle Police Department National Utility Contractors Association Emergency Responder Institute Ohio Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Safety Equipment lnstitute Florida Department of Transportation Salt River Project Henkels & McCoy SSM Industries, Inc. Illinois Department of Transportation Struck-by Alliance International Personnel Protection, Inc. US Department of Labor - OSHA International Safety Equipment Association Contents SECTION PAGE 1. Scope .................................................................................................................................. 1 2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 1 3 . Compliance ..................................................................................................................... 1 4 . Definitions. ........................................................................................................................... 2 5 . Types, Classes and Colors ................................................................................................. 2 6 . Design ................................................................................................................................. 4 6.1 Garment Requirements ............................................................................................. 4 6.2 Apparel Design Configurations. .............................................................................. 5 6.3 Ergonomics. ............................................................................................................... 5 6.4 Headwear Requirements. .......................................................................................... 6 7 . Requirements for Background and Combined-Performance Retroreflective Materials. ............... 6 7.1 Color .......................................................................................................................... 6 7.2 Colorfastness of Background Materials ....................................................................7 7.3 Dimensional Change of Background Materials ......................................................... 8 7.4 Mechanical Properties of Background Materials .......................................................8 7.5 Resistance to Water Penetration. ..............................................................................8 7.6 Water Vapor Permeability for Background Materials Classified as Breathable ........ 8 Photometric and Physical Performance Requirements for Retroreflective Materials ......... 9 8.1 Retroreflective Performance Requirements prior to Test Exposure ......................... 9 8.2 Retroreflective Performance Requirements after Test Exposure ............................. 9 Test Methods. ............................................................................................................... 9 9.1 Sampling and Conditioning .......................................................................................9 9.2 Determination of Color .............................................................................................. 9 9.3 Method for Determination of Retroreflective Photometric Performance ................. 10 9.4 Retroreflection after Test Exposure. ........................................................................ 10 Care Labeling ....................................................................................................................1 1 Marking. ............................................................................................................................I. I 11.1 General Marking ...................................................................................................... 11 11.2 Specific Marking ...................................................................................................... 11 Instructions for Use ......................................................................................................... 12 Contents APPENDICES - Appendix A Method of Measuring Wet Retroreflective Performance ..................................... A-I Al. Principle ................................................................................................................. A-I A2. Apparatus ....................................................................................................... A-I A3. Procedure .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ... .... .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . . .. . .. .. ........... . .. .. .... .. .. . .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. A-I Appendix B - Suggested Performance Class Guidelines and Scenarios ................................. A-3 Appendix C - Examples of Garment Designs ........................................................................... A-4 Appendix D - Test Reports. ................................................................................................. A-8 Dl. Background Material Testing Report ................................................................ A-9 D2. Combined-Performance Retroreflective Material Testing Report, Level 2.. ...... .. A-1 2 03. Combined-Performance Retroreflective Material Testing Report, Level 1 .. ... .. ... A-14 D4. Retroreflective Material Testing Report, Level 2 .................................................A -16 D5. Retroreflective Material Testing Report, Level 1 .................................................A -18 D6. Apparel and Headwear Compliance Certificate Format ......................................A -20 REFERENCES. ................................................................................. ..................................... A-21 American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear 1. Scope 3. Compliance This standard specifies performance 3.1 Background materials shall be certified requirements for high-visibility safety apparel to verify performance to the requirements as and headwear PPE. For the purpose of this specified in Sections 7 and 9 of this standard. standard, apparel and headwear personal The form in Appendix Dl shall be used. protective equipment (PPE) are referred to throughout as "items". These items are intended 3.2 Combined-performance materials shall to provide conspicuity to the user in hazardous be certified to verify performance to the situations under any light conditions by day and requirements as specified in Sections 7.1.2, under illumination by vehicle headlights in the 7.1.3, 8 and 9 of this standard. The forms in dark. Appendix D2 for Level 2 and D3 for Level 1 shall be used. Performance requirements are included for color, retroreflection, and minimum areas, as 3.3 Retroreflective materials shall be well as the suggested configuration of the certified to verify performance to the materials. Performance requirements are also requirements as specified in Sections 8 and 9 of provided for the physical properties of this standard. The forms in Appendix D4 for background materials used in the construction of Level 2 and D5 for level 1 shall be used. high-visibility safety apparel and headwear. Test methods are provided in the standard to help 3.4 Manufacturers of the finished items shall ensure that a minimum level of visibility is verify that supplies used to make high-visibility maintained when items are subjected to ongoing items meet the requirements of this standard. care procedures. All certificates and test reports that verify the performance of materials used in manufacturing 2. Purpose the finished item shall be retained by the manufacturer and be made available to ensure that all items labeled as meeting this standard Conspicuity is enhanced by high contrast have completed all of the testing and between the clothing andlor headwear and the certification required by the standard. ambient background against which it is seen. This standard provides performance Manufacturers of the finished items shall certify requirements of conspicuous materials to be or self-certify compliance that all garment design used in high-visibility items and specifies requirements are achieved to meet requirements minimum areas and placement of the materials. of Section 6.1 in their entirety. This standard specifies minimum amounts of The Apparel and Headwear Compliance retroreflective materials, colors and placement of Certificate in Appendix D6 shall be used. The materials, for items used to enhance the visibility compliance certificate shall be developed for all and safety of workers. Performance Class models produced by each company. guidelines are identified with corresponding recommendations for selection based on worker NOTE: Appendix D contains the certificates to be risk hazards, such as complex backgrounds, used for certification Is elf-certification of the high- vehicular traffic and speeds encountered. visibility items, retroreflective, and background (Appendix B provides a description of these materials. All forms are available for download in Performance Classes). Adobe Acrobat format on www.safetveauipment.org, Page 1 ANSIIISEA 107-2004 4. Definitions Photometric performance level: The effectiveness of retroreflective material in 4 Accredited laboratory: A laboratory having a returning light to its source, expressed in Table 5 certificate of accreditation meeting the as Level 2 and in Table 6 as Level I,a nd requirements of ISOIIEC Guide Ii'O25:1999 (or measured in terms of coefficient of retro- other equivalent standard) for the collection and reflection. analysis of data within the parameters of this standard. NOTE: The photometric terms and definitions used in this document are defined in ASTM E284 and ASTM E808. Background material: Colored fluorescent material intended to be highly conspicuous, but PPE: Personal Protective Equipment not intended to comply with the requirements of this standard for retroreflective material. Retroreflective material: Material that is a retroreflector and is either 1) not intended to Certify (background and retroreflective comply with the requirements of this standard for material): To obtain compliance certification background material, or 2) is a combined- documents based on testing from an performance, retroreflective material. independent, third-party accredited laboratory to verify performance requirements as specified in Self-certify: To verify apparel design this standard. requirements within this standard without the use of an independent accredited laboratory or Certify (finished item): To provide other third-party. documentation from either an independent, third-party laboratory or to self-certify through Shorts: A garment designed to cover the body the use of the Apparel and Headwear from the waist to the knees, divided into sections Compliance Certificate. (Appendix D6) to encircle each leg separately. Combined-performance material: A Trouser: A garment covering the body from the retroreflective material that is also a fluorescent waist to the ankle, divided into sections to material. Combined performance materials can encircle each leg separately. be counted toward the minimum area requirements for background material specified in Table 1. 5. Types, Classes and Colors Conspicuity: The characteristics of an object influencing the probability that it will come to the 5.1 Finished items are specified as either attention of an observer, especially in a complex apparel or headwear. Apparel includes, but is environment which has competing objects. not limited to, clothing such as vests, jackets, trousers, etc. Headwear includes, but is not Fluorescent material: Material that limited to, items such as ball caps and knit caps. instantaneously emits optical radiation within the visible range at wavelengths longer than 5.2 Three Performance Classes are absorbed and for which emission ceases upon specified in terms of minimum area of the removal of the source of irradiation. These materials to be incorporated. A documented materials enhance daytime visibility, especially hazard analysis should be performed to during dawn and dusk. determine the appropriate Performance Class required. High-visibility headwear: Personal protective item that is worn on the head and intended to 5.2.1 Performance Class 3: While the type of provide conspicuity when worn both daytime and garment and the size of the wearer dictate the nighttime. area of clothing, it is the intention of this standard for Performance Class 3 to offer High-visibility safety apparel: Personal greater visibility to the wearer in both complex protective safety clothing intended to provide backgrounds and through a full range of body conspicuity during both daytime and nighttime movements. Additionally, visibility is enhanced usage. beyond Performance Class 2 by the 4 Page 2 enhancement of background and reflective 5.2.6 Each Performance Class shall have the materials to the arms andlor legs. Regardless of minimum area of materials incorporated in the ) the area of materials used, a sleeveless garment garment according to Table 1. Garments shall or vest alone shall not be considered incorporate the minimum area of background Performance Class 3. and retroreflective materials or combined- performance material. The areas required are 5.2.2 Performance Class 2: Performance not intended to create a secondary hazard by Class 2 provides superior visibility for wearers specifying garments that could get caught in by the additional coverage of the torso, and is equipment or machinery. Care should be taken more conspicuous than Performance Class 1. to ensure proper fit for all size wearers. 5.2.3 Performance Class 1: Performance 5.2.7 The photometric performance level of Class 1 provides the minimum amount of retroreflective materials selected shall meet the required material to differentiate the wearer from specifications in Table 5 or 6, in accordance with the work environment. the Performance Class selected in Table 1. Examples of suitable designs are illustrated in 5.2.4 Performance Class E Apparel: Appendix C. Waistband trousers and shorts may be classified as Performance Class E, which shall be the 5.2.8 Tables 5 and 6 specify the minimum designation for this ensemble accessory photometric performance levels for meeting all minimum requirements for "retroreflective" or "combined-performance" retroreflective and background materials, except materials that shall be required for Performance for minimum area and placement required for Class 3, Class 2, and Class 1 in accordance Performance Class 3, 2, or 1. with Table 1. Performance Class E trousers shall have a 5.2.9 The photometric performance of Level 2 i minimum of 0.30 m (465 in of background retroreflective material is intended to provide 2 greater contrast and visibility over wider viewing material and 0.07 m (108 in ) of retroreflective angles of safety apparel when seen in material. Retroreflective material for trousers headlights during darkness. When greater shall encircle each leg. Retroreflective material conspicuity is required, the higher performance shall not be placed less than 50 mm (1.97 in.) level of retroreflective material should be used. above the bottom of the trouser leg. When such The specified level of retroreflective material Performance Class E trousers are worn with a used in the construction of a garment shall be Performance Class 2 or 3 garment, the overall indicated on the label as described in Section classification for the ensemble shall be classified 11.2. as a Performance Class 3 ensemble. 5.3 Table 2 and Table 3 specify the Performance Class E shorts shall have a performance requirements for the different 2 2 minimum of 0.30 m (465 in ) of background colors of background and combined- 2 material and 0.07 m2(108 in ) of retroreflective performance materials, providing options that material. For shorts, the retroreflective material are intended to confer conspicuity against most shall encircle each leg. When such environmental backgrounds found in urban and Performance Class E shorts are worn with a rural work situation. Users should consider the Performance Class 2 or 3 garment, the overall prevailing ambient background in which classification for the ensemble shall be classified protection is required and select the color as a Performance Class 3 ensemble. providing the preferred contrast. 5.2.5 Headwear is considered an important accessory and complements the overall visibility of the wearer. High-visibility headwear enhances visibility to the head of a moving worker in daylight and helps define the shape of the human form during nighttime exposure. Page 3 Table 1. Minimum areas of visible material Performance Performance Performance Performance Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Class E Background material 0.80 m2 (1240 in2) material with background material Photometric performance ~ ~ v2 eor l Level 2 or Level 2 or Level 2 or Level 2 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Combined-performance material used without (310 in2) background material I ( Photometric performance Level 2 or Level 2 or I 6. Design into the garment shall not be less than 35 mm (1.38 in.) wide. 6.1 Garment Requirements For Performance Class 1, where retroreflective Each Performance Class shall have the material is used in conjunction with specified minimum areas of materials incorporated into background material, the bands of retroreflective the garment in accordance with Table 1. material incorporated into the garment shall not be less than 25 mm (0.98 in.) wide. If the 6.1.1 Minimum Widths of Retroreflective or Performance Class 1 garment is constructed Combined-Performance Materials with "non-compliant" background material, the bands of combined-performance material Configurations of retroreflective bands or incorporated into the garment shall not be less patterns, such as logos, design icons or than 50 mm (1.97 in.) wide. identification text, may contribute to the minimum area requirements specified in Table 6.1.2 Spacing Between Multiple Bands 1. Whenever multiple bands are placed on the When utilized, these retroreflective or combined- garment, the minimum distance between bands performance materials shall be distributed within of retroreflective or combined-performance an area of "non-compliant" background materials material shall be at least equal to the width of in such a manner that a minimum of 50 percent the band. of the contiguous area making up the bands or patterns be comprised of combined-performance 6.1.3 Distance from Bottom Edge of or retroreflective materials meeting the Garment specifications of Table 5 or 6. Whenever horizontal retroreflective or For Performance Class 3, the retroreflective or combined-performance materials are placed combined-performance materials incorporated near the bottom edge of a jacket, vest, or into the garment shall not be less than 50 mm poncho, the material shall not be placed less (1.97 in.) wide. than 50mm (1.97 in.) above the bottom edge of the garment. For Performance Class 2, the retroreflective or combined-performance materials incorporated Page 4