AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY Current Documents 1956 DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 6811 Released August 1959 HISTORICAL DIVISION BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. Price : $4.75 (Buckram) PREFACE American Foreign Policy: Current Documents is an annual, one- volume collection of the principal messa addresses, statements, reports, diplomatic notes, and treaties made in a given calendar year which indicate the scope, goals, and implementation of the foreign policy of the United States. It continues two earlier publications— A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949 (prepared by the Historical Division of the Department of State and e staff of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, issued in 1950 as Senate Document 123, 81st Congress, 1st Session) and Amer- ican Foreign Policy, 1950-1955: Basic Documents (prepared in the Historical Division and issued in two volumes in 1957 as Department of State publication 6446). The usefulness of and demand for these two earlier publications as standard reference and source works in both official and nonofficial circles established the desirability of pub- lishing these compilations annually. Most of the documents printed in this 1956 compilation have already been published in other official releases; a few have not. Some docu- ments issued by other governments and by regional -tnternational organizations of which the United States is not 2 member have been included where the pronouncements or settlements revealed in them were of major concern to the United States in the formulation of its own policies. In most instances the documents are arranged under topical head- ings within each of the 13 parts. A few developments—such as the Suez crisis and the revolt in Hungary—seemed to unfold a story re- quiring a strictly chronological presentation. The mechanical devices used to facilitate quick reference to the volume include a complete list of the documents (printed as a table of contents), an index, and the consecutive numbering of the papers from 1 to 442 (the number of the document appears in the lower left-hand corner of each even- numbered page and in the lower right-hand corner of each odd- numbered page throughout the compilation). The volume was prepared in the Historical Division under the gen- eral supervision of G. Bernard Noble, Chief. It was compiled | by Peter V. Curl, with the assistance of Anna Vukovich, and was re- viewed by E. Taylor Parks, Chief of the Advisory and Review Branch. Editorial procedures were performed by the Division of Publishin Services under the immediate direction of Dorothy M. Hine, Chie of the General Editing Branch, with the assistance of Bertha Hart- man, Joseph J. Moriarty, and other members of the staff. Juxy 30, 1959 CONTENTS PART I, PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY ' Page 1. The State of the Union: Annual Message Read by the President Batons a Joint Session of the Congress, January 5, 1956 (Ex- cerpts). . 2. 2 0 © « © «© «© © « «© « er 2. The Financial Support for Foreign Policy: Message From the Presi- dent to the Congress Transmitting the Budget Recommendations for Fiscal Year 1956-1957, January 16, 1956 (Excerpts)... . 3. The Calculated Risks Taken for Peace: Replies Made by the Secretary of State to Questions Asked at a News Conference, January 17, 1956 (Excerpts). .....2..e-. coco eo eo eo wee woe ew ew 19 4. Foreign Policy Guidelines: Address by the President Before the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, April 21, 1956 (Excerpt) ......24-+-e6-. er er a er 20 5. The Incompleted Mission of the West: Address by the Secretary of State Before the Annual Luncheon of the Associated Press, New York, April 23,195. 62..... e.e oe eo we ee see e 23 6. The United States Position on ‘‘Neutralism”: Statement Issued by the White House, June 7, 1956. . . 1... « ee ee we 2 32 7. The Cost of Peace: Address by the Secretary of State at the Com- mencement Exercises, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa, June 3 1 5 e e ee e« e oe oe 0e® @® @e® @® @® @® @® @ @ e e e e e e 6 e e e 8. Freedom by Example: Reply Made by the Secretary of State to a Question Asked at a News Conference, July 11,1956. ..... 41 9. The United States Position Respecting ‘Colonialism’: Reply Made by the Secretary of State to a Question Asked at a News Con- ference, October 2, 1956 (Excerpt) ...... co ec we we ew 41 10. The Task of Waging Peace: Address by the Secretary of State Before the go alias ouncil on World Affairs, Dallas, Texas, October 27, 42 ] so oe oe oe @6e¢ oe oe @® @ @ ee e«e 08e 08o8 08 @® @ ©@ e e e e e e e e PART II. THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES A. United States Participation tn the United Nations 11. United States Participation in the United Nations During 1956: Letter From the President to the Congress Transmitting the Eleventh Annual Report on U.S. Participation in the U.N., January 13, 1958. ......2.-. ee er 50 12. Machinery for United States Participation in the United Nations: Article by the Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, Published September 17, 53 1956 (Excerpt) e e e e e e e e e e e e e ee eo oe oe oe @ oe @ e VI CONTENTS B. Review and Improvement of the United Nations Machinery 13. The Institutionalizing of Peace: Address by the Secretary of State Before the American Society of International Law, Washington, April 25, 1956 (Excerpt) . . 2... 1 1 ww ew ew te tw tt ww 65 14. The Role of the United Nations in a Changing World: Introduction to the Eleventh Annual Report of the U.N. Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, October 4,1956........ 7 15. United States Views on a Convention Concerning a System of Con- sultation Within the United Nations System: Summary of a Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the Special Political Committee of the U.N. General Assembly, December 19,1956... 1. 1 1 we we tw tt ttt ht tt te 95 16. Draft Convention Concerning a System of Consultation Within the United Nations System: Resolution 1014 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, January 11, 1957......4.2.2.. C. The United Nations Budget 17. United States Observations on the United Nations Budget for 1956: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Gen- eral Assembly, December 16,1955... ........24+622-. 97 18. The United Nations Budget for 1956: Resolution 979 (X), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 16, 1955. ..... 102 19. Supplementary United Nations Budget for 1956: Resolution 1074 (xD, Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 7, 105 20. United States Views on the Scale of Assessments for the Expenses of the United Nations: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before Committee V of the U.N. General Assembly, November 9, 1956... 2. 1 1 we eee ee tt te tt tt tt 108 21. Revised Scale of Assessments for the Apportionment of the Expenses of the United Nations: Resolution 1087 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 21,1956. ......4.2.. 114 D. The Eleventh Session of the U.N. General Assembly 22. The Tasks of the Eleventh General Assembly: Address by the Acting Secretary of State Before the U.N. General Assembly, November 16, 1956. 2. 2 1. ww ew we ee et wt tt 116 23. The Question of the Representation of China: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the General Committee of the U.N. General Assembly, November 14,1956......... 122 24. The Question of the Representation of China: Resolution 1108 (XJ), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November 16, 1956. . 123 E. Admission of New Members 25. United States Sponsorship of the Admission of the Sudan to United Nations Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Repre- sentative Before the U.N. Security Council, February 6, 1956. . 123 26. Admission of the Sudan to United Nations Membership: Resolution 1110 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November 12, 1956. © 2 1 ww ww ww ew we ee te tw te ww 124 27. United States Support of the Admission of Morocco to United Nations Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Security Council, July 20,1956. ....4... 124 CONTENTS Page 28. Admission of Morocco to United Nations Membership: Resolution al (tn), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November , 1956. 2. 2 2 ww ew ew ww ww wt wt tt tt tt 125 29. United States Support of the Admission of Tunisia to United Nations Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Security Council, July 26, 1956 (Excerpts). ..... 125 30. Admission of Tunisia to United Nations Membership: Resolution 1112 (XD, Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November , 1956... ww ee et et tt tt ht tt tt te 126 31. United States Sponsorship of the Admission of Japan to United Na- tions Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Security Council, December 12, 1956..... 126 32. Admission of Japan to United Nations Membership: Resolution 1113 (XD), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 18, 127 33. United States Support of the Admission of the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Viet-Nam to United Nations Membership: State- ment Made by the U.S. Representative Before the Special Politi- cal Committee of the U.N. General Assembly, January 23, 1957. 128 34. Request for Security Council Reconsideration of the Membership Ap- plications of the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Viet-Nam: esolution 1017 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, February 28, 1957. . . 2. 1. 2 2 1 ee ew ew ew ee te th tw 132 F. The Technical Assistance Program 35. United States Views on the United Nations Technical Assistance Pro- gram: Statement Made by the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs Before the Subcommittee on Internationa] Organizations and Movements of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, June 25, 1956. . 133 36. Allocation of Funds for the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance for Calendar Year 1957: Resolution 1019 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 7, 1956. ......4..-. 145 37. Implementation and Expansion of the United Nations Technical As- sistance Programs: Resolution 1023 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 21, 1956. . . ......++e- 146 38. Regulation of the Working Capital and Reserve Fund of the United Nations Expanded Technical Assistance Program: Resolution 1022 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 22, 1956 . 147 39. Contributions Pledged to the United Nations Expanded Technical Assistance Program for Calendar Year 1956 and Receipt of Same as of December 31, 1956. . . 2. . 1 1 1 1 ee ee we ewe 149 G. Human Rights 40. United States Views on the Problem of Forced Labor: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Economic and Social ouncil, April 30,1956. ........5.22 2ee-e 4ee e 150 41. Forced Labor: Resolution 607 (X XI), Adopted by the U.N. Economic and Social Council, May 1,1956. .........+24-4e868-. 156 42. The United States Position on the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Prac- tices Similar to Slavery: Statement Made by the U.S. Representa- tive Before the U.N. Conference on This Convention, Geneva, August 15,1956... . 1... 2 2 ew ew ee wt tw th tw ° 157 Vo CONTENTS H. Trusteeship Page 43. Attainment of Self-Government or Independence by Trust Territories: Resolution 1064 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, February 26,1957. . . . 2..©. «© ce et tw te ww 159 I. Refugees 44. Approval of the Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: Resolution 1039A (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, January 23,1957. . . 2. 1. 1 2 ee ew ew we we ews 160 J. Tourism 45. The Development of International Travel: Information Concerning Action in the United States for Inclusion in the Report of the U.N. Secretary-General Submitted to the Economic and Social Council, November 23, 1956. . . 2. 2. 2. 2 0 1 0 ow ew ww 162 K. The Specialized Agencies 46. Eighth Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, November 4-25, 1955: Report by the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation, Published March 12, 1956. ........... 176 47. Operations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- ment During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956: Report of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Fi- nancial Problems on Its Activities During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act, January 16, 1957 (Excerpt). ..... 183 48. Operations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- ment During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956: Report of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems on Its Activities During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act, June 26, 1957 (Excerpts). ...... 189 49. Tenth Session of the Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization, Caracas, June 19—July 16, 1956: Report of the Chair- man of the U.S. Delegation, August 16, 1956 (Excerpt)... . 197 50. Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation, En- tered Into Force July 20,1956. . . . «© 2. 2 2 ee ew ew ww 213 51. Operations of the International Finance Corporation During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956: Report of the National Ad- visory Council on International Monetary and Financial Prob- lems on Its Activities During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agree- ments Act, January 16, 1957 (Excerpt). . ......2..4.-. 229 52. Operations of the International Finance Corporation During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956: Report of the National Ad- visory Council on International Monetary and Financial Prob- lems on Its Activities During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agree- ments Act, June 26, 1957 (Excerpt)... ......-e+-e+s-. 230 53. Extension of the Privileges of the International Organizations Im- munities Act of 1945 to the International Finance Corporation: Executive Order No. 10680, October 2, 1956. ....2.2.2.2.. 233 54. Operations of the International Monetary Fund During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956: Report of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems on Its Activities During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956, Pur- suant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act, January 16, 1957 (Excerpts). .......+.s+s-+s-ceeee 234 CONTENTS Page 55. Operations of the International Monetary Fund During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956: Report of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems on Its Activities During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956, Pur- suant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act, June 26, 1957 (Excerpt)... . 2. 2. ees ee ee ee eae 241 56. The United States Program for the Ninth General Conference of UNESCO: Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter- national Organization Affairs Before the U.S. National Commis- sion for UNESCO, New York City, September 18, 1956 (Ex- cerpt) . . . « e « « eee tw tt tt wt tt wt th tlt 248 57. The Ninth General Conference of UNESCO: Informal Report by the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation, December 9, 1956. .... . 252 58. Ninth World Health Assembly, Geneva, May 8-25, 1956: Report of the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation (Excerpts) co et ee eh tw 254 59. Extension of the Privileges of the International Organizations Im- munities Act of 1945 to the World Meteorological Organization: Executive Order No. 10676, September1,1956. ........ 272 PART III. WESTERN HEMISPHERE DEVELOPMENTS Inter-American Political Consultations > . North American Consultations: Letters Exchanged by the Heads of S Government of the United States, Canada, and Mexico Following Their Informal Meeting at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, March 26-28, 1956 . . 1... 2. 1 ee ew we we ww tee ww 273 61. Operation of the Provisions of the 1954 Declaration of Caracas: Replies Made by the Secretary of State to Questions Asked at a News Conference, April 17, 1956 (Excerpts) ........ 275 62. Inter-American Cooperative Efforts for the Welfare of the Individual: Address by the President Before the Meeting of Heads of Gov- ernment of the American Republics, Panama City, July 22, 1956. 2 2. 1 we ew we ww tt tt ht tt th hth we tw 276 63. Declaration of Panama, Signed by the Presidents of the American Republics, Panama City, July 22,1956 .......2.e.-. ° 278 64. Arrangements for Convening the Inter-American Committee of Presidential Representatives: Circular Note From the United States Ambassadors in the American Republics to the Govern- ments to Which Accredited, Made Public August 13, 1956... 279 65. First Session of the Inter-American Committee of Presidential Repre- sentatives, Washington, September 17-19, 1956: Final m- muniqué Issued September 19,1956. . . . 2... 2 2 e 2 ° B. United States Policy in Latin America 66. United States Policy in Latin America as Reflected in United States Relations With Brazil: Address by the Vice President of the United States, Volta Redonda, Brazil, February 3, 1956 .... 283 C. The Organization of American States 67. Activities of the Organization of American States During the Period July 1, 1955 to June 30, 1956: Report of the Secretary General 289 of the OAS for the Fiscal Year 1955-1956 (Excerpts) ..... 68. Budget of the Organization of American States for the Fiscal Year July 1, 1956—-June 30, 1957: Resolution Adopted by the Council 313 of the OAS, January 18, 1956. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e x CONTENTS Page 69. Scale of Assessment of Members of the Organization of American States for the Fiscal Year July 1, 1956-—June 30, 1957: Resolution Adopted by the Council of the OAS, January 18,1956... .. 315 D. Peaceful Settlement Under the Rio Pact 70. Compliance With Article IV of the Pact of Amity Between Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Agreement Signed by Representatives of Costa Rica and Nicaragua at Washington, January 9,1956 ..... 316 71. Functions of the Commission of Investigation and Conciliation: Agreement Signed by Representatives of Costa Rica and Nica- ragua at Washington, January 9,1956......2.2.2.2.2.. 320 72. Approval of the Report of the Special Committee in the Dispute Between Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Resolution Adopted by the Council of the Organization of American States, January 18, 1956 . 322 E. The Inter-American Peace Committee 73. Statutes of the Inter-American Peace Committee, Approved by the Council of the Organization of American States, May 9,1956. . . 323 F. Territorial Waters and Related Questions 74. “Principles of Mexico’’ on the Juridical Regime of the Sea: Resolution XIII of the Third Meeting of the Inter-American Council of Jurists, Approved February 3,1956 .. . .....2..26 326 75. Reservation of the United States to the ‘‘Principles of Mexico’’ on the Juridical Regime of the Sea, February 3,1956 ........ 328 76. System of Territorial Waters and Related Questions: Resolution XIV of the Third Meeting of the Inter-American Council of Jurists, Approved February 3, 1956 329 77. Continental Shelf, Marine Resources, and Territorial Waters: Reso- lution I (Resolution of Ciudad Trujillo) of the Inter-American Specialized Conference on Conservation of Natural Resources, the Continental Shelf, and Marine Waters, Approved March 26, 1956. 6 1 1 wee ee ee ee ee ee et ee 330 78. Statement by the Delegation of the United States on the Resolution of Ciudad Trujillo, March 28, 1956 331 G. Economic, Social, and Cultural Developments 79. Effect of United States Surplus Cotton Disposal Policies on the Economy of Latin America: Resolution 18/56 Adopted by the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, May 8, 1956. . . 332 80. Declarations, Resolutions, and Recommendations Contained in the Final Act of the Second Inter-American Meeting of Ministers of Education, Signed at Lima, May 9, 1956 (Ixcerpts)...... 334 81. Bases for the Program of Technical Cooperation of the Organization of American States: Resolution 29/56 Adopted by the Inter- American Economic and Social Council, September 28, 1956 . . 349 82. Additional Consideration of the Effect of United States Surplus Cotton Disposal Policies on the Economy of Latin America: Resolution 36/56 Adopted by the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, December 21,1956 .......2.6..6+42+4+24e8868-. 356 H. The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway 83. The Great Lakes Basin Compact: Statement by the Deputy Legal Adviser of the Department of State Before a Subcommittee of ‘ the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, August 27,1956 .. . 3538