ACW-Bio.V1tpgs 9/29/03 3:21 PM Page 1 American Civil War Biographies ACW-Bio.V1tpgs 9/29/03 3:21 PM Page 3 Volume 1: A–K American Civil War Biographies Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom Lawrence W. Baker, Editor Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page iv s Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom e hi Staff p Lawrence W. Baker, U•X•L Senior Editor Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor a Tom Romig, U•X•L Publisher r g Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer o Evi Seoud, Assistant Production Manager i Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager B Mary Beth Trimper, Production Director : Michelle DiMercurio, Art Director r a Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager W Shalice Shah-Caldwell, Permissions Specialist Pamela Reed, Imaging Coordinator l Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Cataloger i v Robert Duncan, Senior Imaging Specialist i Michael Logusz, Imaging Specialist C Randy A. Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Barbara J. Yarrow, Imaging and Multimedia Content Manager n a Marco Di Vita, Graphix Group, Typesetting c i r Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data e Hillstrom, Kevin, 1963– m American Civil War. Biographies / Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom ; Lawrence W. Baker, editor. A p. cm. ISBN 0-7876-3820-X — ISBN 0-7876-3821-8 (v. 1) — ISBN 0-7876-3822-6 (v. 2) 1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Biography. 2. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Biography—Miscellanea. I. Hillstrom, Laurie Collier, 1965– II. Baker, Lawrence W. III. Title. E467.H656 1999 973.7’092’2—dc21 [B] 99-046920 This publication is a creative work copyrighted by U•X•L and fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair compe- tition, and other applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classifica- tion of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Cover photographs of John Wilkes Booth and Jefferson Davis are reproduced cour- tesy of the National Archives and Records Administration; Sojourner Truth, cour- tesy of the Library of Congress; and Martin R. Delany, reproduced by permission of Archive Photos, Inc. Copyright © 2000 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group 27500 Drake Road Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page v Contents Advisory Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Reader’s Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix American Civil War Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Volume 1 Clara Barton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Pierre G. T. Beauregard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Ambrose Bierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 John Wilkes Booth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Belle Boyd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Mathew Brady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Braxton Bragg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 John Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Ambrose Burnside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Joshua L. Chamberlain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Mary Boykin Chesnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Pauline Cushman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Jefferson Davis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Martin R. Delany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 v Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page vi Frederick Douglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Emma Edmonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 David G. Farragut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Nathan Bedford Forrest . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 John C. Frémont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Josiah Gorgas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Ulysses S. Grant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Horace Greeley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Rose O’Neal Greenhow . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Winfield Scott Hancock . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Winslow Homer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 John Bell Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Julia Ward Howe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. . . . . . . . . . 219 Andrew Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Joseph E. Johnston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxix Volume 2 Robert E. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Abraham Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Mary Todd Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 James Longstreet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Thaddeus Lowe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 George B. McClellan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 George G. Meade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 John Singleton Mosby. . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Thomas Nast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Edward A. Pollard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Dred Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Winfield Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 William Henry Seward. . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Robert Gould Shaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Philip H. Sheridan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 William T. Sherman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Robert Smalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Alexander H. Stephens . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Thaddeus Stevens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Harriet Beecher Stowe. . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 vi American Civil War: Biographies Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page vii Jeb Stuart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Charles Sumner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 George Henry Thomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Sally L. Tompkins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Sojourner Truth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Harriet Tubman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Clement L. Vallandigham . . . . . . . . . . . 481 Elizabeth Van Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Theodore Dwight Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Henry Wirz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxix Contents vii Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page viii Advisory Board Special thanks are due to U•X•L’s Civil War Reference Li- brary advisors for their invaluable comments and sugges- tions: • Deborah Hammer, Former Librarian, Queens Borough Public Library, Jamaica, New York • Ann Marie LaPrise, Librarian, Detroit Public Library, Elm- wood Park Branch, Detroit, Michigan • Susan Richards, Media Specialist, Northwest Junior High School, Coralville, Iowa viii Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page ix Reader’s Guide American Civil War: Biographies presents biographies of sixty men and women who participated in or were affect- ed by the Civil War. These two volumes profile a diverse mix of personalities from both the North and the South, includ- ing military leaders, politicians, abolitionists, artists, spies, and escaped slaves. Detailed biographies of major Civil War figures (such as Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Frederick Douglass, Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson) are included. But American Civil War: Biographiesalso provides biographical information on lesser-known but nonetheless important and fascinating men and women of that era. Ex- amples include Thaddeus Lowe, the daring commander of the Union’s manned balloon corps; Mathew Brady, the famed Civil War photographer; and Rose O’Neal Greenhow, a Con- federate spy who drowned during an attempt to smuggle gold into the South in the hoops of her dress. American Civil War: Biographies also features sidebars containing interesting facts, excerpts from diaries and speech- es, and short biographies of people who are in some way con- nected with the leading figures of the era. Within each full- ix Civil War Bios FM 10/7/03 4:16 PM Page x length biography, boldfaced cross-references direct readers to other individuals profiled in the two-volume set. Finally, each volume includes photographs and illustrations, an “American Civil War Timeline” that lists significant dates and events of the Civil War era, and a cumulative subject index. American Civil War Reference Library American Civil War: Biographies is only one compo- nent of a three-part American Civil War Reference Library. The other two titles in this multivolume set are: • American Civil War: Almanac: This work presents a com- prehensive overview of the Civil War. The volume’s four- teen chapters cover all aspects of the conflict, from the prewar issues and events that divided the nation to the war itself—an epic struggle from 1861 to 1865 that changed the political and social landscape of America for- ever. The chapters are arranged chronologically and ex- plore such topics as the events leading up to the war, slavery, Europe’s view of the war, the secession of South- ern states, various Civil War battles, and Reconstruction. Also included are two chapters that cover two unique groups during the Civil War: women and blacks. The Al- manacalso contains over ninety photographs and maps, “Words to Know” and “People to Know” sections, a time- line, and an index. • American Civil War: Primary Sources: This title presents fourteen full or excerpted speeches and written works from the Civil War. The volume includes an excerpt from Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, President Abra- ham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and Gettys- burg Address, and the letters between Union general William T. Sherman and Atlanta, Georgia, city leaders. Each entry includes an introduction, things to remember while reading the excerpt, information on what happened after the work was published or event took place, and other interesting facts. Photographs, source information, and an index supplement the work. • A cumulative index of all three titles in the American Civil War Reference Library is also available. x American Civil War: Biographies