amazons avanT- OF THe carDe s M 40 exTer GoneHarova % popova rozanova STepanova uDaLTsova K^KI |j \ * m 1 '- * m "^ ' " m m^Mk/ -ail 1 3 f Si frgftC\S I 1^^^.^1 '' ^^^ .^^1"•^fc*^ , amazons OFTHe avairr-GarDe aLexanDra exTer, naTaLia GoncHarova, liubov popova, OLGa rozanova, varvara STepanova, anD naDezHDa UDaLTSova eDneD byjOHn e. bowlt anD maTTHew dtutt GuggenheimMUSEUM amazons ofTHe avarrr-GarDe aLexanDraexier, naiana GoncHarova, : liubovpopova, OLGarozanova,varvara STepanova, anD naDezHDaUDaLTSova CuratedbyJohnE.Bowlt,MatthewDrutt,andZelfiraTregulova DeutscheGuggenheimBerlin,July10—October17, 1999 RoyalAcademyofArts.London.November10.1999-February6,2000 PeggyGuggenheimCollection,Venice,February29-May28,2000 GuggenheimMuseumBilbao.June12-September3.2000 SolomonR.GuggenheimMuseum,NewYork,September14,,2000—January10,2001 This exhibitionis madepossibleby Deutsche Bank ' TheoperationsandprogramsofthePeggyGuggenheim Collectionaremadepossiblebythesupportofthe PeggyGuggenheimCollectionAdvisoryBoard,the RegioneVeneto,Alitalia,and: INTHAPHES^ COLLEZIONE GUGGENHEIM Aermec LeoBurnett Arclinea Lubiamigu AutomotiveProductsItalia LucianoMarcato BancaAntonianaPopolareVeneta _,..._. Paiiadiorinanzi.an.a Barbero1891 RexBuilt-in Bisazza " Booz-Allen&HamiltonItalia Darmani Swatch GretagImagingGroup WeUa Gruppo3MItalia Zucchi-BassettiGroup managementbyBondardoCommunicazione ©2000TheSolomonR.GuggenheimFoundation,NewYork. Allrightsreserved.AllworksofartbyNataliaGoncharova ©aoooArtistsRightsSociety(ARS),NewYork/ADAGP,Paris. AllworksofartbyVarvaraStepanovaarereproducedwiththe permissionoftheRodchenko-StepanovaArchive,Moscow. AllworksofartbyNadezhdaUdaltsova©EstateofNadezhda Udaltsova/LicensedbyVAGANewYork,NY. GuggenheimMuseumPublications,1071FifthAvenue,NY,NY1012 ISBN0-89207-225-3 PrintedinGermanybyGZD Design: DesiGn/wriTinG/researcH Cover:LiubovPopova,CompositionwithFigures,1913(plate28) conTenTS inTroDUdion i3 MatthewDrutt 20 womenofGenius JohnE. Bowlt 39 six (anD aFewmore) russianwomen ofrae avam-GarDeTOGeTHer CharlotteDouglas 59 BeTween old anD New, russia's moDernwomen LauraEngelstein 75 GenDerTrouBLe inrae amazonianKinGDoni: Turn-OF-THe-cenTurYrepresenTaTions ofwomenin russia Olga Matich DressinGupanD DressmGDOwn: 95 THe bodyofrue avam-GarDe NicolettaUisler 109 creauvewomen, creauve Men, anD paraDiGms of creanviTY:whyHave mere Been creaTwomenarTisTS? EkaterinaDyogot i3i aLexanDra exTer EssaybyGeorgiiKovalenko naTanaGoncHarova 155 EssaybyJaneA. Sharp 185 LIUBOVPOPOVa Essays byNataliaAdaskinaandDmitriiSarabianov ai3 OLGarozanova EssaybyNina Gurianova 241 varvaraSTepanova EssaybyAlexanderLavrentiev 271 naDezHDa UDarrsova EssaybyVasiliiRakitin 298 DocumenTS 348 LISTOFPLaTeS/BIBLIOGraPHY THe soLomon r. GUGGenHeim FOunDanon HonoraryTrusTees TrusTees in perpeTuiTY GiovanniAgnelli SolomonR.Guggenheim JonlmanolAzua JustinK.Thannhauser PeterM. Brant PeggyGuggenheim MarySharpCronson GailMayEngelberg HonorarycHairman DanielFilipacchi PeterLawson-Johnston MartinD.Gruss BarbaraJonas CHairman DavidH.Koch PeterB. Lewis ThomasKrens BarbaraLane vice-presiDems PeterLawson-Johnston WendyL-J.McNeil PeterLawson-JohnstonII JohnS.Wadsworth,Jr. SamuelJ.LeFrak PeterB.Lewis vice-presiDem WendyL-J. McNeil anD Treasurer EdwardH. Meyer StephenC.Swid FrederickW. Reid RichardA.Rifkind Diredor DeniseSaul ThomasKrens TerrySemel JamesB.Sherwood secreTary RajaW.Sidawi EdwardF.Rover SeymourSlive StephenC.Swid HonoraryTrusTee JohnS.Wadsworth,Jr. ClaudePompidou CornelWest JohnWilmerding TrusTees exofficio WilliamT.Ylvisaker DakisJoannou BenjaminB. Rauch DiredorEmeriTus ThomasM.Messer peGGY GUGGenHeim coLLecTion aDvisory BoarD presiDem Jacques Hachuel M. peGGYGUGGenHeim PeterLawson-Johnston GilbertW. Harrison coLLecnonFamiLY commiTTee W. Lawrence Heisey vice-presiDenT William M. Hollis. Jr David Helion The Earl Castle Stewart Guglielmo La Scala Fabrice Helion "f Samuel H. Lindenbaum Nicolas Helion HononaryCHairman June Lowell LaurenceandSandro Rumney Claude Pompidou Cristian Mantero ClovisVail Achille Maramotti JuliaVail and Bruce Mouland Honoraryco-CHairman Valeria Monti KaroleP.B. Vail H.R.HThe Grand Duchessof Luigi Moscheri MarkVail Luxembourg Raymond D. Nasher Christina Newburgh HonorarymemBer Giovanni Pandini OlgaAdamishina Annelise Ratti Benjamin B. Rauch raeniBers RichardA. Rifkind LuigiAgrati Dodie Rosekrans StevenAmes Nanette Ross GiuseppinaAraldiGuinetti Miles Rubin MariaAngelesAristrain Aldo Sacchi RosaAyer SirTimothySainsbury MareheseAnnibale Berlingieri Denise Saul AlexanderBernstein Evelina Schapira PattiCadby Birch Hannelore Schulhof Davide Blei James B. Sherwood Mary Bloch RikiTaylor WilfredCass RobertoTronchetti Provera The EarlCastleStewart MelissaUlfane Claudio Cavazza LeopoldoVillarealF. Fausto Cereti NancyPierceWatts SirTrevorChinn RuthWesten Pavese Franca Coin Isabella del Frate Eich emeriTus memBers RosemaryChisholm Feick Enrico Chiari MaryGaggia William Feick,Jr. David Gallagher Evelyn Lambert DanielleGardner Jacques E. Lennon PatriciaGerber Umberto Nordio Marino Golinelli Anna Scotti Christian Habermann KristenVenable OLGa rozanova Non-ObjectiveComposition(FlightofanAirplane),1916 Oiloncanvas,118x101cm ArtMuseum,Samara preFace THomas Krens The GuggenheimMuseumhasadistinguishedhistoryincollectingandpresenting theartoftheRussianavant-garde. In1929, SolomonR. GuggenheimmetVasily KandinskyinhisBauhausstudio, beginningarelationshipthatwouldresultinthis pioneeringRussianabstractpainterbecomingcloselyassociatedwiththemuseum's permanentcollection. MasterpiecesbyRussiansMarcChagall, NataliaGoncharova. Mikhail Larionov, ElLissitzky, and KazimirMalevichwereacquiredbythemuseum earlyon, andremainsomeofourmosttreasuredworks. Overtheyearswehavemountedmanyexhibitionsdevotedto Russianartists, withnofewerthannineteensince 1945 devotedto Kandinskyalone. OtherRussian mastershonoredbytheGuggenheiminclude Malevich (1973), Chagall (1975and 1993), andNaumGabo (1986). In 1981,theGuggenheimorganizedArtoftheAvant- GardeinRussia:SelectionsfromtheGeorgeCostakisCollection-, asweepingsurvey, it resultedintwopublicationsthatremaincentraltothescholarshiponthesubject. In 1992,wepresentedTheGreat Utopia: TheRussianandSovietAvant-Garde, 1915—1932. whichremainsthemostcomprehensiveinvestigationofthesubjecttodate. It iswithinthiscontextthatwearepleasedto organizeanotherhistoricexhibi- tionofRussianart. AmazonsoftheAvant-Gardeisamodelofscholarshipandcura- torialacumen. Itbringstogetherdistinguishedmasterpiecesoftheperiod, includingmanynotshownintheWestsincetheywere created.Thisisthefirsttrav- elingexhibitionorganizedforthe DeutscheGuggenheimBerlin. FollowingBerlin andthe RoyalAcademy,thepresentationofthe exhibitionatthe PeggyGuggenheim Collectionoffersanidealsettingforunderstandingtheachievementsofthese artistsagainstabackgroundofworksbyotherRussiansaswellasbythe Parisian CubistsinPeggyGuggenheim'scollection, andbythe ItalianFuturists, magnifi- centlyrepresentedintheGianni MattioliCollection. CuratorsJohnE. Bowlt, MatthewDrutt, andZelfiraTregulovadeftlyorganized thisproject, andIamgratefultothemfortheircooperationandhardwork.Weare indebtedtothelenderstothisexhibition, notonlybecausetheyallowedustobor- rowtheirtreasuredworks,butbecausetheyhave madeimportantcontributionsto thescholarshipofthispublication. Finally, I amdeeplygratefulto Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer, SpokesmanoftheBoardofManagingDirectorsofDeutsche Bank, forhis ongoingsupportofthecollaborationbetweenourinstitutions. I amthankfulfor Deutsche Bank'senthusiasmfortheprojectaswellas itssponsorship ofthetour. LenDers to THe exHiBiTion ArtCo.Ltd. (GeorgeCostakisCollection) ArtMuseum.Samara SolomonR.GuggenheimMuseum,NewYork KrasnodarDistrictKovalenkoArtMuseum ModernaMuseet,Stockholm ElenaMurinaandDmitriiSarabianov,Moscow MuseoThyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid MuseumLudwig,Cologne MuseumofHistoryandArchitecture,Pereiaslavl-Zalesskii MuseumofPrivateCollections, PushkinStateMuseumofFineArts. Moscow MuseumofVisualArts,Ekaterinburg NationalArtMuseumofUkraine,Kiev NationalGalleryofCanada,Ottawa NationalMuseumandGallery,Cardiff PrivateCollection PrivateCollection,CourtesyGalleryGmurzynska,Cologne RegionalArtMuseum,Ulianovsk RegionalPictureGallery,Vologda RostovKremlinStateMuseumPreserve SlobodskoiMuseumandExhibitionCenter Staatsgalerie,Stuttgart StateArtMuseumofBashkkortostan.Ufa StateMuseumofHistory,Architecture,andArt,Smolensk StateMuseumoftheVisualArtsofTatarstan,Kazan StateMuseumofVisualArts,NizhniiTagil StatePictureGallery,Perm StateRadischevArtMuseum,Saratov StateRussianMuseum,St.Petersburg StateTretiakovGallery,Moscow StateUnifiedArtMuseum,Kostroma CarmenThyssen-BornemiszaCollection VasnetsovRegionalArtMuseum,Kirov YaleUniversityArtGallery,NewHaven