Table Of Content

Amazon ElastiCache User Guide API Version 2015-02-02 Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Amazon ElastiCache: User Guide Copyright © 2017 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Table of Contents What Is Amazon ElastiCache?.............................................................................................................. 1 See Also.................................................................................................................................... 1 When Should I Use ElastiCache?.................................................................................................. 2 In-Memory Data Cache....................................................................................................... 2 Gaming Leaderboards (Redis Sorted Lists)............................................................................. 3 Messaging (Redis pub/sub).................................................................................................. 3 Recommendation Data (Redis Counters & Hashes) .................................................................. 5 Other Redis Uses ............................................................................................................... 5 Testimonials...................................................................................................................... 5 ElastiCache Resources................................................................................................................. 6 Tutorial Videos........................................................................................................................... 7 Introductory Video Tutorials................................................................................................ 7 Advanced Video Tutorials.................................................................................................... 8 Components and Features......................................................................................................... 10 Nodes............................................................................................................................. 10 Shards (Redis).................................................................................................................. 11 Clusters........................................................................................................................... 11 Replication...................................................................................................................... 13 Regions and Availability Zones ........................................................................................... 14 Endpoints........................................................................................................................ 15 Parameter Groups............................................................................................................ 15 Security........................................................................................................................... 16 Security Groups................................................................................................................ 16 Subnet Groups................................................................................................................. 16 Backups/Snapshots (Redis)................................................................................................ 16 Events............................................................................................................................. 17 ElastiCache for Redis Terminology .............................................................................................. 18 Accessing ElastiCache................................................................................................................ 20 Managing ElastiCache............................................................................................................... 21 Managing ElastiCache (Console) ......................................................................................... 21 Managing ElastiCache (AWS CLI) ........................................................................................ 21 Managing ElastiCache (AWS SDK) ....................................................................................... 21 Managing ElastiCache (ElastiCache API)............................................................................... 21 Getting Started ................................................................................................................................ 22 Step 1: Create an AWS Account .................................................................................................. 22 Step 2: Launch a Cluster........................................................................................................... 23 Step 3: (Optional) View Cluster Details ........................................................................................ 24 Step 4: Authorize Access ........................................................................................................... 25 You Launched Your Cluster into EC2-VPC ............................................................................ 26 You Launched Your Cluster into EC2-Classic ......................................................................... 27 Step 5: Connect to a Cluster's Node ........................................................................................... 28 Step 5.1: Find your Node Endpoints .................................................................................... 28 Step 5.2: Connect to a Memcached Node ............................................................................ 28 Step 5.2: Connect to a Redis Cluster or Replication Group ...................................................... 29 Step 6: Delete Your Cluster ....................................................................................................... 31 Where Do I Go From Here?........................................................................................................ 32 Engines and Versions ........................................................................................................................ 33 Choosing an Engine: Memcached, Redis (cluster mode disabled), or Redis (cluster mode enabled) ........ 34 Determine Available Engine Versions .......................................................................................... 36 Determine Available Engine Versions (Console) ..................................................................... 36 Determine Available Engine Versions (AWS CLI) .................................................................... 36 Determine Available Engine Versions (ElastiCache API) .......................................................... 36 Comparing Memcached Versions................................................................................................ 38 Upgrading to a Newer Version ........................................................................................... 38 API Version 2015-02-02 iii Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Memcached 1.4.34........................................................................................................... 38 Memcached 1.4.33........................................................................................................... 38 Memcached 1.4.24........................................................................................................... 39 Memcached Version 1.4.14 ................................................................................................ 39 Memcached 1.4.5............................................................................................................. 39 Comparing Redis Versions ......................................................................................................... 40 Redis Version 3.2.4 (Enhanced) ........................................................................................... 41 Redis Version 2.8.24 (Enhanced) ......................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.23 (Enhanced) ......................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.22 (Enhanced) ......................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.21 ......................................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.19 ......................................................................................................... 43 Redis Version 2.8.6 ........................................................................................................... 43 Redis Version 2.6.13 ......................................................................................................... 43 Upgrading Engine Versions ........................................................................................................ 43 Important Notes on Memcached Engine Upgrades ................................................................ 44 Important Notes on Redis Engine Upgrades ......................................................................... 44 How to Upgrade Engine Versions ....................................................................................... 45 Maintenance Window................................................................................................................ 45 Choosing Regions and Availability Zones............................................................................................. 47 Locating Your Redis Read Replicas and Memcached Nodes ............................................................. 47 Supported Regions & Endpoints................................................................................................. 48 Finding Endpoints............................................................................................................................ 50 Finding Memcached Endpoints Using the Console........................................................................ 51 Finding a Redis Cluster's Endpoints Using the Console .................................................................. 53 Finding the Endpoints for a Redis (cluster mode enabled) Cluster (Console) ...................................... 54 Finding Endpoints (AWS CLI) ...................................................................................................... 56 Finding Endpoints for Nodes and Clusters (AWS CLI) ............................................................. 56 Finding the Endpoints for Replication Groups (AWS CLI) ........................................................ 57 Finding Endpoints (ElastiCache API)............................................................................................ 60 Finding Endpoints for Nodes and Clusters (ElastiCache API)................................................... 60 Finding Endpoints for Replication Groups (ElastiCache API) .................................................... 60 Notifications.................................................................................................................................... 62 Alert: LRU Crawler.................................................................................................................... 62 Best Practices.................................................................................................................................. 63 Ensuring You Have Sufficient Memory to Create a Redis Snapshot .................................................. 64 Background Write Process and Memory Usage ..................................................................... 64 Avoiding Running Out of Memory When Executing a Background Write ................................... 65 Managing Reserved Memory (Redis) ........................................................................................... 66 How Much Reserved Memory Do You Need? ........................................................................ 66 Parameters to Manage Reserved Memory ............................................................................ 66 Changing Between the reserved-memory and reserved-memory-percent Parameters ................. 68 Mitigating Out-of-Disk-Space Issues When Using Redis AOF ........................................................... 70 Enabling Redis Multi-AZ as a Better Approach to Fault Tolerance ............................................ 70 Mitigating Failures.................................................................................................................... 71 Mitigating Failures when Running Memcached ..................................................................... 71 Mitigating Failures when Running Redis .............................................................................. 72 Recommendations............................................................................................................ 74 Configuring Your ElastiCache Client for Efficient Load Balancing ..................................................... 75 Consistent Hashing Using Java ........................................................................................... 75 Consistent Hashing Using PHP........................................................................................... 75 Consistent Hashing Using .NET........................................................................................... 76 Error Messages................................................................................................................................. 77 Caching Strategies............................................................................................................................ 78 Lazy Loading ........................................................................................................................... 78 Scenario 1: Cache Hit ........................................................................................................ 78 Scenario 2: Cache Miss ...................................................................................................... 79 API Version 2015-02-02 iv Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Advantages and Disadvantages of Lazy Loading ................................................................... 79 Lazy Loading Code ........................................................................................................... 80 Write Through......................................................................................................................... 80 Advantages and Disadvantages of Write Through ................................................................. 80 Write Through Code ......................................................................................................... 81 Adding TTL.............................................................................................................................. 81 Code Example.................................................................................................................. 81 Related Topics......................................................................................................................... 82 Nodes............................................................................................................................................. 83 Shards (Redis).......................................................................................................................... 83 Choosing Your Node Size.......................................................................................................... 85 Choosing Your Memcached Node Size ................................................................................. 85 Choosing Your Redis Node Size .......................................................................................... 86 Reserved Nodes....................................................................................................................... 89 Reserved Node Offerings ................................................................................................... 89 Describing Available Reserved Cache Node Offerings ............................................................ 91 Purchasing a Reserved Node .............................................................................................. 93 Describing Your Reserved Nodes ........................................................................................ 96 Supported Node Types .............................................................................................................. 98 Actions You Can Take When a Node is Scheduled for Replacement ................................................ 100 Memcached................................................................................................................... 100 Redis............................................................................................................................. 100 Node Auto Discovery (Memcached) ................................................................................................... 103 Benefits of Auto Discovery ....................................................................................................... 104 How Auto Discovery Works ...................................................................................................... 105 Connecting to Cache Nodes ............................................................................................. 105 Normal Cluster Operations.............................................................................................. 106 Other Operations........................................................................................................... 107 Using Auto Discovery .............................................................................................................. 109 Step 1: Obtain the Configuration Endpoint........................................................................ 109 Step 2: Download the ElastiCache Cluster Client ................................................................. 110 Step 3: Modify Your Application Program .......................................................................... 111 Connecting to Cache Nodes Manually ....................................................................................... 114 Adding Auto Discovery To Your Client Library ............................................................................ 115 Cache Engine Version 1.4.14 or Higher .............................................................................. 115 Cache Engine Version Lower Than 1.4.14 ........................................................................... 115 Output Format............................................................................................................... 116 Auto Discovery Clients ............................................................................................................ 116 Installing & Compiling Clients.......................................................................................... 117 Configuring Clients......................................................................................................... 127 Shards (Redis)................................................................................................................................ 131 Clusters......................................................................................................................................... 132 Memcached Versions............................................................................................................... 133 Redis Versions........................................................................................................................ 133 Other ElastiCache Cluster Operations........................................................................................ 133 Creating a Cluster ................................................................................................................... 134 Creating a Cluster: Memcached (Console) .......................................................................... 135 Creating a Redis (cluster mode disabled) Cluster (Console) ................................................... 136 Creating a Redis (cluster mode enabled) Cluster (Console) .................................................... 141 Creating a Cluster (CLI) ................................................................................................... 144 Creating a Cluster (API) ................................................................................................... 146 Viewing a Cluster's Details ....................................................................................................... 148 Viewing a Cluster's Details: Memcached (Console) ............................................................... 148 Viewing a Redis (cluster mode disabled) Cluster's Details (Console) ........................................ 150 Viewing a Redis (cluster mode enabled) Cluster's Details (Console) ........................................ 151 Viewing a Cluster's Details (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 152 Viewing a Cluster's Details (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 154 API Version 2015-02-02 v Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Modifying a Cluster ................................................................................................................ 155 Modifying a Cluster (Console) .......................................................................................... 155 Modifying a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 156 Modifying a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 157 Rebooting a Cluster ................................................................................................................ 158 Rebooting a Cluster (Console) .......................................................................................... 158 Rebooting a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 158 Rebooting a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 159 Monitoring a Cluster's Costs ..................................................................................................... 160 Adding Nodes to a Cluster ....................................................................................................... 160 Adding Nodes to a Cluster (Console) ................................................................................. 160 Adding Nodes to a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ....................................................................... 162 Adding Nodes to a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API) ............................................................. 164 Removing Nodes from a Cluster ............................................................................................... 165 Removing Nodes from a Cluster (Console) ......................................................................... 165 Removing Nodes from a Cluster (AWS CLI) ......................................................................... 166 Removing Nodes from a Cluster (ElastiCache API) ............................................................... 169 Canceling Pending Add or Delete Node Operations ..................................................................... 171 Canceling Pending Add or Delete Node Operations (Console) ............................................... 171 Deleting a Cluster................................................................................................................... 172 Deleting a Cluster (Console) ............................................................................................. 172 Deleting a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ................................................................................... 172 Deleting a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API)......................................................................... 172 Scaling.......................................................................................................................................... 174 Scaling Memcached................................................................................................................ 175 Scaling Memcached Horizontally ...................................................................................... 175 Scaling Memcached Vertically .......................................................................................... 176 Scaling Redis (cluster mode disabled) Clusters ............................................................................ 178 Scaling Up Redis Clusters ................................................................................................ 179 Scaling Down Redis Cache Clusters ................................................................................... 184 Scaling Redis Clusters with Replica Nodes .................................................................................. 187 Scaling Up Redis Clusters with Replicas ............................................................................. 188 Scaling Down Redis Clusters with Replicas ......................................................................... 194 Increasing Read Capacity ................................................................................................. 197 Decreasing Read Capacity ................................................................................................ 198 Replication (Redis).......................................................................................................................... 199 Redis Replication.................................................................................................................... 201 Redis (cluster mode disabled) ........................................................................................... 201 Redis (cluster mode enabled) ........................................................................................... 201 Replication: Redis (cluster mode disabled) vs. Redis (cluster mode enabled) .................................... 202 Which should I choose?................................................................................................... 204 Replication: Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover (Redis) .................................................................. 205 Automatic Failover Overview ............................................................................................ 205 Notes on Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover ........................................................................ 205 Failure Scenarios with Multi-AZ and Automatic Failover Responses ........................................ 207 Enabling Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover ........................................................................ 210 Testing Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover .......................................................................... 213 How Synchronization and Backup are Implemented .................................................................... 216 Redis Version 2.8.22 and Later ......................................................................................... 216 Redis Versions Prior to 2.8.22 .......................................................................................... 216 Creating a Cluster with Replicas ............................................................................................... 217 Creating a Cluster with Replicas Using an Existing Cluster .................................................... 218 Creating a Redis Cluster with Replicas from Scratch ............................................................ 222 Viewing a Replication Group's Details ........................................................................................ 236 Viewing a Redis (cluster mode disabled) with Replicas Details: Redis (cluster mode disabled) ...... 236 Viewing a Replication Group's Details: Redis (cluster mode enabled) ...................................... 237 Viewing a Replication Group's Details: (AWS CLI) ................................................................. 237 API Version 2015-02-02 vi Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Viewing a Replication Group's Details: (ElastiCache API) ....................................................... 239 Finding Replication Group Endpoints ........................................................................................ 241 Modifying a Cluster with Replicas ............................................................................................. 242 Modifying a Redis Cluster (Console) .................................................................................. 242 Modifying a Replication Group (AWS CLI) .......................................................................... 242 Modifying a Replication Group (ElastiCache API) ................................................................. 242 Deleting a Cluster with Replicas ............................................................................................... 244 Deleting a Replication Group (Console) .............................................................................. 244 Deleting a Replication Group (AWS CLI) ............................................................................. 244 Deleting a Replication Group (ElastiCache API) ................................................................... 244 Adding a Read Replica ............................................................................................................ 245 Adding a Read Replica to a Cluster (Console) ..................................................................... 245 Adding a Read Replica to a Replication Group (AWS CLI) ...................................................... 245 Adding a Read Replica to a Replication Group (ElastiCache API) ............................................ 246 Promoting a Read-Replica ....................................................................................................... 247 Promoting a Read-Replica to Primary (Console) .................................................................. 247 Promoting a Read-Replica to Primary (AWS CLI) ................................................................. 248 Promoting a Read-Replica to Primary (ElastiCache API) ........................................................ 248 Deleting a Read Replica ........................................................................................................... 250 Backup and Restore (Redis) .............................................................................................................. 251 Constraints............................................................................................................................ 252 Costs..................................................................................................................................... 252 Performance Impact of Backups ............................................................................................... 252 Backups when running Redis 2.8.22 and later .................................................................... 252 Backups when running Redis versions prior to 2.8.22 .......................................................... 253 Scheduling Automatic Backups................................................................................................. 254 Taking Manual Backups ........................................................................................................... 255 Creating a Manual Backup (Console) ................................................................................. 255 Creating a Manual Backup (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 256 Creating a Manual Backup (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 258 Taking a Final Backup ............................................................................................................. 261 Creating a Final Backup (Console) ..................................................................................... 261 Taking a Final Backup (AWS CLI) ...................................................................................... 261 Taking a Final Backup (ElastiCache API) ............................................................................. 262 Describing Backups................................................................................................................. 264 Describing Backups (Console) ........................................................................................... 264 Describing Backups (AWS CLI) .......................................................................................... 264 Describing Backups (ElastiCache API)................................................................................. 264 Copying a Backup ................................................................................................................... 266 Copying a Backup (Console) ............................................................................................. 266 Copying a Backup (AWS CLI) ............................................................................................ 266 Copying a Backup (ElastiCache API) .................................................................................. 267 Exporting a Backup ................................................................................................................. 268 Step 1: Create an Amazon S3 Bucket ................................................................................ 268 Step 2: Grant ElastiCache Access to Your Amazon S3 Bucket ................................................ 269 Step 3: Export an ElastiCache Backup ............................................................................... 270 Restoring From a Backup with Cluster Resizing ........................................................................... 274 Restoring From a Backup (Console) ................................................................................... 275 Restoring From a Backup (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 276 Restoring From a Backup (ElastiCache API) ........................................................................ 276 Seeding a Cluster with a Backup (Redis) .................................................................................... 277 Step 1: Create a Redis Backup .......................................................................................... 278 Step 2: Create an Amazon S3 Bucket and Folder ................................................................ 278 Step 3: Upload Your Backup to Amazon S3 ........................................................................ 279 Step 4: Grant ElastiCache Read Access to the .rdb File ......................................................... 279 Step 5: Seed the ElastiCache Cluster With the .rdb File Data ................................................. 280 Tagging Backups.................................................................................................................... 282 API Version 2015-02-02 vii Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Deleting a Backup.................................................................................................................. 283 Deleting a Backup (Console) ............................................................................................ 283 Deleting a Backup (AWS CLI) ............................................................................................ 283 Deleting a Backup (ElastiCache API).................................................................................. 283 Redis Append Only Files (AOF) ................................................................................................. 284 Security Groups [EC2-Classic]........................................................................................................... 285 Creating a Security Group ........................................................................................................ 286 Creating a Security Group (Console) .................................................................................. 286 Creating a Security Group (AWS CLI) ................................................................................. 286 Creating a Security Group (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 286 Listing Available Security Groups .............................................................................................. 288 Listing Available Security Groups (Console) ........................................................................ 288 Listing Available Security Groups (AWS CLI) ....................................................................... 288 Listing Available Security Groups (ElastiCache API) .............................................................. 288 Viewing a Security Group ........................................................................................................ 289 Viewing a Security Group (Console) .................................................................................. 289 Viewing a Security Group (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 289 Viewing a Security Group (ElastiCache API) ........................................................................ 289 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group ..................................................... 291 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group (Console) ............................... 291 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group (AWS CLI) ............................... 291 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group (ElastiCache API) ..................... 292 Parameters and Parameter Groups ................................................................................................... 293 Parameter Management.......................................................................................................... 294 Parameter Group Tiers ............................................................................................................ 295 Creating a Parameter Group .................................................................................................... 296 Creating a Parameter Group (Console) ............................................................................... 296 Creating a Parameter Group (AWS CLI) .............................................................................. 296 Creating a Parameter Group (ElastiCache API) .................................................................... 297 Listing Parameter Groups by Name ........................................................................................... 299 Listing Parameter Groups by Name (Console) ..................................................................... 299 Listing Parameter Groups by Name (AWS CLI) .................................................................... 299 Listing Parameter Groups by Name (ElastiCache API) ........................................................... 300 Listing a Parameter Group's Values ........................................................................................... 302 Listing a Parameter Group's Values (Console) ..................................................................... 302 Listing a Parameter Group's Values (AWS CLI) ..................................................................... 302 Listing a Parameter Group's Values (ElastiCache API) ........................................................... 303 Modifying a Parameter Group .................................................................................................. 305 Modifying a Parameter Group (Console) ............................................................................ 305 Modifying a Parameter Group (AWS CLI) ........................................................................... 305 Modifying a Parameter Group (ElastiCache API) .................................................................. 306 Deleting a Parameter Group .................................................................................................... 307 Deleting a Parameter Group (Console) ............................................................................... 307 Deleting a Parameter Group (AWS CLI) .............................................................................. 307 Deleting a Parameter Group (ElastiCache API) .................................................................... 307 Memcached Specific Parameters ............................................................................................... 309 Memcached 1.4.34 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 309 Memcached 1.4.33 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 309 Memcached 1.4.24 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 311 Memcached 1.4.14 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 312 Memcached 1.4.5 Supported Parameters ........................................................................... 313 Memcached Connection Overhead .................................................................................... 315 Memcached Node-Type Specific Parameters ....................................................................... 316 Redis Specific Parameters ........................................................................................................ 318 Redis 3.2.4 Parameter Changes ........................................................................................ 319 Redis 2.8.24 (Enhanced) Added Parameters ........................................................................ 322 Redis 2.8.23 (Enhanced) Added Parameters ........................................................................ 322 API Version 2015-02-02 viii Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Redis 2.8.22 (Enhanced) Added Parameters ........................................................................ 324 Redis 2.8.21 Added Parameters ........................................................................................ 324 Redis 2.8.19 Added Parameters ........................................................................................ 324 Redis 2.8.6 Added Parameters .......................................................................................... 324 Redis 2.6.13 Parameters .................................................................................................. 327 Redis Node-Type Specific Parameters ................................................................................ 333 Subnets and Subnet Groups ............................................................................................................ 335 Creating a Subnet Group ......................................................................................................... 336 Creating a Subnet Group (Console) ................................................................................... 336 Creating a Subnet Group (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 337 Creating a Subnet Group (ElastiCache API) ......................................................................... 337 Assigning a Subnet Group to a Cluster or Replication Group ......................................................... 339 Modifying a Subnet Group ....................................................................................................... 340 Modifying Subnet Groups (Console) .................................................................................. 340 Modifying Subnet Groups (AWS CLI) ................................................................................. 340 Modifying Subnet Groups (ElastiCache API) ........................................................................ 341 Deleting a Subnet Group ......................................................................................................... 342 Deleting a Subnet Group (Console) ................................................................................... 342 Deleting a Subnet Group (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 342 Deleting a Subnet Group (ElastiCache API) ......................................................................... 342 Amazon VPC with ElastiCache .......................................................................................................... 344 Understanding ElastiCache and Amazon VPCs ............................................................................ 345 Overview of ElastiCache In an Amazon VPC ....................................................................... 345 Why use the Amazon VPC instead of EC2 Classic with your ElastiCache deployment? ................ 347 Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 347 Routing and Security ...................................................................................................... 347 Accessing a Cluster in a Amazon VPC ................................................................................ 348 Amazon VPC Documentation ........................................................................................... 353 Creating a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) ...................................................................................... 355 Creating an Amazon VPC (Console) ................................................................................... 355 Creating a Cache Subnet Group ................................................................................................ 357 Creating a Cache Cluster in an Amazon VPC .............................................................................. 358 Creating a Cache Cluster in an Amazon VPC (Console) ......................................................... 358 Creating a Replication Group in an Amazon VPC ......................................................................... 359 Creating a Replication Group in an Amazon VPC (Console) ................................................... 359 Connecting to a Cluster or Replication Group Running in an Amazon VPC ...................................... 360 1. Create an Amazon EC2 Instance .................................................................................... 360 2. Assign IP Address to Your Amazon EC2 Instance ............................................................. 361 3. Connect to Your Amazon EC2 Instance .......................................................................... 362 Security......................................................................................................................................... 365 Security Groups...................................................................................................................... 365 Amazon VPC: Amazon VPC Security Groups ....................................................................... 365 Amazon EC2-Classic: ElastiCache Security Groups ............................................................... 365 Authentication & Access Control ............................................................................................... 367 Authentication............................................................................................................... 367 Access Control................................................................................................................ 368 Overview of Managing Access .......................................................................................... 369 Using Identity-Based Policies (IAM Policies) ........................................................................ 373 ElastiCache API Permissions Reference .............................................................................. 378 Accessing ElastiCache Resources from Outside AWS ............................................................................ 382 Requirements......................................................................................................................... 382 Considerations........................................................................................................................ 382 Limitations............................................................................................................................. 383 How to Access ElastiCache Resources from Outside AWS ............................................................. 383 See also................................................................................................................................ 385 Monitoring..................................................................................................................................... 386 Monitoring Use...................................................................................................................... 387 API Version 2015-02-02 ix Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Dimensions for ElastiCache Metrics................................................................................... 387 Host-Level Metrics.......................................................................................................... 387 Metrics for Memcached................................................................................................... 388 Metrics for Redis ............................................................................................................ 390 Which Metrics Should I Monitor?...................................................................................... 393 Choosing Metric Statistics and Periods .............................................................................. 394 Monitoring CloudWatch Cache Cluster and Cache Node Metrics ............................................ 394 Monitoring Events.................................................................................................................. 397 Managing ElastiCache Amazon SNS Notifications ................................................................ 397 Viewing ElastiCache Events .............................................................................................. 401 Event Notifications and Amazon SNS ................................................................................ 403 Monitoring Costs with Tags ...................................................................................................... 407 Managing Tags Using the Console .................................................................................... 408 Managing Tags Using the AWS CLI .................................................................................... 412 Managing Tags Using the ElastiCache API .......................................................................... 415 Copying Tags to Your ElastiCache Resource ........................................................................ 417 Using the ElastiCache API................................................................................................................ 419 Using the Query API ............................................................................................................... 419 Query Parameters........................................................................................................... 419 Query Request Authentication .......................................................................................... 419 Available Libraries.................................................................................................................. 421 Troubleshooting Applications................................................................................................... 422 Retrieving Errors............................................................................................................. 422 Troubleshooting Tips....................................................................................................... 422 Logging API Calls................................................................................................................... 423 ElastiCache Information in CloudTrail ................................................................................ 423 Deciphering ElastiCache Log File Entries............................................................................ 423 Tutorials........................................................................................................................................ 427 Document History.......................................................................................................................... 428 AWS Glossary................................................................................................................................. 436 API Version 2015-02-02 x

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Amazon ElastiCache User Guide API Version 2015-02-02 Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Amazon ElastiCache: User Guide Copyright © 2017 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Table of Contents What Is Amazon ElastiCache?.............................................................................................................. 1 See Also.................................................................................................................................... 1 When Should I Use ElastiCache?.................................................................................................. 2 In-Memory Data Cache....................................................................................................... 2 Gaming Leaderboards (Redis Sorted Lists)............................................................................. 3 Messaging (Redis pub/sub).................................................................................................. 3 Recommendation Data (Redis Counters & Hashes) .................................................................. 5 Other Redis Uses ............................................................................................................... 5 Testimonials...................................................................................................................... 5 ElastiCache Resources................................................................................................................. 6 Tutorial Videos........................................................................................................................... 7 Introductory Video Tutorials................................................................................................ 7 Advanced Video Tutorials.................................................................................................... 8 Components and Features......................................................................................................... 10 Nodes............................................................................................................................. 10 Shards (Redis).................................................................................................................. 11 Clusters........................................................................................................................... 11 Replication...................................................................................................................... 13 Regions and Availability Zones ........................................................................................... 14 Endpoints........................................................................................................................ 15 Parameter Groups............................................................................................................ 15 Security........................................................................................................................... 16 Security Groups................................................................................................................ 16 Subnet Groups................................................................................................................. 16 Backups/Snapshots (Redis)................................................................................................ 16 Events............................................................................................................................. 17 ElastiCache for Redis Terminology .............................................................................................. 18 Accessing ElastiCache................................................................................................................ 20 Managing ElastiCache............................................................................................................... 21 Managing ElastiCache (Console) ......................................................................................... 21 Managing ElastiCache (AWS CLI) ........................................................................................ 21 Managing ElastiCache (AWS SDK) ....................................................................................... 21 Managing ElastiCache (ElastiCache API)............................................................................... 21 Getting Started ................................................................................................................................ 22 Step 1: Create an AWS Account .................................................................................................. 22 Step 2: Launch a Cluster........................................................................................................... 23 Step 3: (Optional) View Cluster Details ........................................................................................ 24 Step 4: Authorize Access ........................................................................................................... 25 You Launched Your Cluster into EC2-VPC ............................................................................ 26 You Launched Your Cluster into EC2-Classic ......................................................................... 27 Step 5: Connect to a Cluster's Node ........................................................................................... 28 Step 5.1: Find your Node Endpoints .................................................................................... 28 Step 5.2: Connect to a Memcached Node ............................................................................ 28 Step 5.2: Connect to a Redis Cluster or Replication Group ...................................................... 29 Step 6: Delete Your Cluster ....................................................................................................... 31 Where Do I Go From Here?........................................................................................................ 32 Engines and Versions ........................................................................................................................ 33 Choosing an Engine: Memcached, Redis (cluster mode disabled), or Redis (cluster mode enabled) ........ 34 Determine Available Engine Versions .......................................................................................... 36 Determine Available Engine Versions (Console) ..................................................................... 36 Determine Available Engine Versions (AWS CLI) .................................................................... 36 Determine Available Engine Versions (ElastiCache API) .......................................................... 36 Comparing Memcached Versions................................................................................................ 38 Upgrading to a Newer Version ........................................................................................... 38 API Version 2015-02-02 iii Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Memcached 1.4.34........................................................................................................... 38 Memcached 1.4.33........................................................................................................... 38 Memcached 1.4.24........................................................................................................... 39 Memcached Version 1.4.14 ................................................................................................ 39 Memcached 1.4.5............................................................................................................. 39 Comparing Redis Versions ......................................................................................................... 40 Redis Version 3.2.4 (Enhanced) ........................................................................................... 41 Redis Version 2.8.24 (Enhanced) ......................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.23 (Enhanced) ......................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.22 (Enhanced) ......................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.21 ......................................................................................................... 42 Redis Version 2.8.19 ......................................................................................................... 43 Redis Version 2.8.6 ........................................................................................................... 43 Redis Version 2.6.13 ......................................................................................................... 43 Upgrading Engine Versions ........................................................................................................ 43 Important Notes on Memcached Engine Upgrades ................................................................ 44 Important Notes on Redis Engine Upgrades ......................................................................... 44 How to Upgrade Engine Versions ....................................................................................... 45 Maintenance Window................................................................................................................ 45 Choosing Regions and Availability Zones............................................................................................. 47 Locating Your Redis Read Replicas and Memcached Nodes ............................................................. 47 Supported Regions & Endpoints................................................................................................. 48 Finding Endpoints............................................................................................................................ 50 Finding Memcached Endpoints Using the Console........................................................................ 51 Finding a Redis Cluster's Endpoints Using the Console .................................................................. 53 Finding the Endpoints for a Redis (cluster mode enabled) Cluster (Console) ...................................... 54 Finding Endpoints (AWS CLI) ...................................................................................................... 56 Finding Endpoints for Nodes and Clusters (AWS CLI) ............................................................. 56 Finding the Endpoints for Replication Groups (AWS CLI) ........................................................ 57 Finding Endpoints (ElastiCache API)............................................................................................ 60 Finding Endpoints for Nodes and Clusters (ElastiCache API)................................................... 60 Finding Endpoints for Replication Groups (ElastiCache API) .................................................... 60 Notifications.................................................................................................................................... 62 Alert: LRU Crawler.................................................................................................................... 62 Best Practices.................................................................................................................................. 63 Ensuring You Have Sufficient Memory to Create a Redis Snapshot .................................................. 64 Background Write Process and Memory Usage ..................................................................... 64 Avoiding Running Out of Memory When Executing a Background Write ................................... 65 Managing Reserved Memory (Redis) ........................................................................................... 66 How Much Reserved Memory Do You Need? ........................................................................ 66 Parameters to Manage Reserved Memory ............................................................................ 66 Changing Between the reserved-memory and reserved-memory-percent Parameters ................. 68 Mitigating Out-of-Disk-Space Issues When Using Redis AOF ........................................................... 70 Enabling Redis Multi-AZ as a Better Approach to Fault Tolerance ............................................ 70 Mitigating Failures.................................................................................................................... 71 Mitigating Failures when Running Memcached ..................................................................... 71 Mitigating Failures when Running Redis .............................................................................. 72 Recommendations............................................................................................................ 74 Configuring Your ElastiCache Client for Efficient Load Balancing ..................................................... 75 Consistent Hashing Using Java ........................................................................................... 75 Consistent Hashing Using PHP........................................................................................... 75 Consistent Hashing Using .NET........................................................................................... 76 Error Messages................................................................................................................................. 77 Caching Strategies............................................................................................................................ 78 Lazy Loading ........................................................................................................................... 78 Scenario 1: Cache Hit ........................................................................................................ 78 Scenario 2: Cache Miss ...................................................................................................... 79 API Version 2015-02-02 iv Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Advantages and Disadvantages of Lazy Loading ................................................................... 79 Lazy Loading Code ........................................................................................................... 80 Write Through......................................................................................................................... 80 Advantages and Disadvantages of Write Through ................................................................. 80 Write Through Code ......................................................................................................... 81 Adding TTL.............................................................................................................................. 81 Code Example.................................................................................................................. 81 Related Topics......................................................................................................................... 82 Nodes............................................................................................................................................. 83 Shards (Redis).......................................................................................................................... 83 Choosing Your Node Size.......................................................................................................... 85 Choosing Your Memcached Node Size ................................................................................. 85 Choosing Your Redis Node Size .......................................................................................... 86 Reserved Nodes....................................................................................................................... 89 Reserved Node Offerings ................................................................................................... 89 Describing Available Reserved Cache Node Offerings ............................................................ 91 Purchasing a Reserved Node .............................................................................................. 93 Describing Your Reserved Nodes ........................................................................................ 96 Supported Node Types .............................................................................................................. 98 Actions You Can Take When a Node is Scheduled for Replacement ................................................ 100 Memcached................................................................................................................... 100 Redis............................................................................................................................. 100 Node Auto Discovery (Memcached) ................................................................................................... 103 Benefits of Auto Discovery ....................................................................................................... 104 How Auto Discovery Works ...................................................................................................... 105 Connecting to Cache Nodes ............................................................................................. 105 Normal Cluster Operations.............................................................................................. 106 Other Operations........................................................................................................... 107 Using Auto Discovery .............................................................................................................. 109 Step 1: Obtain the Configuration Endpoint........................................................................ 109 Step 2: Download the ElastiCache Cluster Client ................................................................. 110 Step 3: Modify Your Application Program .......................................................................... 111 Connecting to Cache Nodes Manually ....................................................................................... 114 Adding Auto Discovery To Your Client Library ............................................................................ 115 Cache Engine Version 1.4.14 or Higher .............................................................................. 115 Cache Engine Version Lower Than 1.4.14 ........................................................................... 115 Output Format............................................................................................................... 116 Auto Discovery Clients ............................................................................................................ 116 Installing & Compiling Clients.......................................................................................... 117 Configuring Clients......................................................................................................... 127 Shards (Redis)................................................................................................................................ 131 Clusters......................................................................................................................................... 132 Memcached Versions............................................................................................................... 133 Redis Versions........................................................................................................................ 133 Other ElastiCache Cluster Operations........................................................................................ 133 Creating a Cluster ................................................................................................................... 134 Creating a Cluster: Memcached (Console) .......................................................................... 135 Creating a Redis (cluster mode disabled) Cluster (Console) ................................................... 136 Creating a Redis (cluster mode enabled) Cluster (Console) .................................................... 141 Creating a Cluster (CLI) ................................................................................................... 144 Creating a Cluster (API) ................................................................................................... 146 Viewing a Cluster's Details ....................................................................................................... 148 Viewing a Cluster's Details: Memcached (Console) ............................................................... 148 Viewing a Redis (cluster mode disabled) Cluster's Details (Console) ........................................ 150 Viewing a Redis (cluster mode enabled) Cluster's Details (Console) ........................................ 151 Viewing a Cluster's Details (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 152 Viewing a Cluster's Details (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 154 API Version 2015-02-02 v Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Modifying a Cluster ................................................................................................................ 155 Modifying a Cluster (Console) .......................................................................................... 155 Modifying a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 156 Modifying a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 157 Rebooting a Cluster ................................................................................................................ 158 Rebooting a Cluster (Console) .......................................................................................... 158 Rebooting a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 158 Rebooting a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 159 Monitoring a Cluster's Costs ..................................................................................................... 160 Adding Nodes to a Cluster ....................................................................................................... 160 Adding Nodes to a Cluster (Console) ................................................................................. 160 Adding Nodes to a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ....................................................................... 162 Adding Nodes to a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API) ............................................................. 164 Removing Nodes from a Cluster ............................................................................................... 165 Removing Nodes from a Cluster (Console) ......................................................................... 165 Removing Nodes from a Cluster (AWS CLI) ......................................................................... 166 Removing Nodes from a Cluster (ElastiCache API) ............................................................... 169 Canceling Pending Add or Delete Node Operations ..................................................................... 171 Canceling Pending Add or Delete Node Operations (Console) ............................................... 171 Deleting a Cluster................................................................................................................... 172 Deleting a Cluster (Console) ............................................................................................. 172 Deleting a Cache Cluster (AWS CLI) ................................................................................... 172 Deleting a Cache Cluster (ElastiCache API)......................................................................... 172 Scaling.......................................................................................................................................... 174 Scaling Memcached................................................................................................................ 175 Scaling Memcached Horizontally ...................................................................................... 175 Scaling Memcached Vertically .......................................................................................... 176 Scaling Redis (cluster mode disabled) Clusters ............................................................................ 178 Scaling Up Redis Clusters ................................................................................................ 179 Scaling Down Redis Cache Clusters ................................................................................... 184 Scaling Redis Clusters with Replica Nodes .................................................................................. 187 Scaling Up Redis Clusters with Replicas ............................................................................. 188 Scaling Down Redis Clusters with Replicas ......................................................................... 194 Increasing Read Capacity ................................................................................................. 197 Decreasing Read Capacity ................................................................................................ 198 Replication (Redis).......................................................................................................................... 199 Redis Replication.................................................................................................................... 201 Redis (cluster mode disabled) ........................................................................................... 201 Redis (cluster mode enabled) ........................................................................................... 201 Replication: Redis (cluster mode disabled) vs. Redis (cluster mode enabled) .................................... 202 Which should I choose?................................................................................................... 204 Replication: Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover (Redis) .................................................................. 205 Automatic Failover Overview ............................................................................................ 205 Notes on Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover ........................................................................ 205 Failure Scenarios with Multi-AZ and Automatic Failover Responses ........................................ 207 Enabling Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover ........................................................................ 210 Testing Multi-AZ with Automatic Failover .......................................................................... 213 How Synchronization and Backup are Implemented .................................................................... 216 Redis Version 2.8.22 and Later ......................................................................................... 216 Redis Versions Prior to 2.8.22 .......................................................................................... 216 Creating a Cluster with Replicas ............................................................................................... 217 Creating a Cluster with Replicas Using an Existing Cluster .................................................... 218 Creating a Redis Cluster with Replicas from Scratch ............................................................ 222 Viewing a Replication Group's Details ........................................................................................ 236 Viewing a Redis (cluster mode disabled) with Replicas Details: Redis (cluster mode disabled) ...... 236 Viewing a Replication Group's Details: Redis (cluster mode enabled) ...................................... 237 Viewing a Replication Group's Details: (AWS CLI) ................................................................. 237 API Version 2015-02-02 vi Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Viewing a Replication Group's Details: (ElastiCache API) ....................................................... 239 Finding Replication Group Endpoints ........................................................................................ 241 Modifying a Cluster with Replicas ............................................................................................. 242 Modifying a Redis Cluster (Console) .................................................................................. 242 Modifying a Replication Group (AWS CLI) .......................................................................... 242 Modifying a Replication Group (ElastiCache API) ................................................................. 242 Deleting a Cluster with Replicas ............................................................................................... 244 Deleting a Replication Group (Console) .............................................................................. 244 Deleting a Replication Group (AWS CLI) ............................................................................. 244 Deleting a Replication Group (ElastiCache API) ................................................................... 244 Adding a Read Replica ............................................................................................................ 245 Adding a Read Replica to a Cluster (Console) ..................................................................... 245 Adding a Read Replica to a Replication Group (AWS CLI) ...................................................... 245 Adding a Read Replica to a Replication Group (ElastiCache API) ............................................ 246 Promoting a Read-Replica ....................................................................................................... 247 Promoting a Read-Replica to Primary (Console) .................................................................. 247 Promoting a Read-Replica to Primary (AWS CLI) ................................................................. 248 Promoting a Read-Replica to Primary (ElastiCache API) ........................................................ 248 Deleting a Read Replica ........................................................................................................... 250 Backup and Restore (Redis) .............................................................................................................. 251 Constraints............................................................................................................................ 252 Costs..................................................................................................................................... 252 Performance Impact of Backups ............................................................................................... 252 Backups when running Redis 2.8.22 and later .................................................................... 252 Backups when running Redis versions prior to 2.8.22 .......................................................... 253 Scheduling Automatic Backups................................................................................................. 254 Taking Manual Backups ........................................................................................................... 255 Creating a Manual Backup (Console) ................................................................................. 255 Creating a Manual Backup (AWS CLI) ................................................................................ 256 Creating a Manual Backup (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 258 Taking a Final Backup ............................................................................................................. 261 Creating a Final Backup (Console) ..................................................................................... 261 Taking a Final Backup (AWS CLI) ...................................................................................... 261 Taking a Final Backup (ElastiCache API) ............................................................................. 262 Describing Backups................................................................................................................. 264 Describing Backups (Console) ........................................................................................... 264 Describing Backups (AWS CLI) .......................................................................................... 264 Describing Backups (ElastiCache API)................................................................................. 264 Copying a Backup ................................................................................................................... 266 Copying a Backup (Console) ............................................................................................. 266 Copying a Backup (AWS CLI) ............................................................................................ 266 Copying a Backup (ElastiCache API) .................................................................................. 267 Exporting a Backup ................................................................................................................. 268 Step 1: Create an Amazon S3 Bucket ................................................................................ 268 Step 2: Grant ElastiCache Access to Your Amazon S3 Bucket ................................................ 269 Step 3: Export an ElastiCache Backup ............................................................................... 270 Restoring From a Backup with Cluster Resizing ........................................................................... 274 Restoring From a Backup (Console) ................................................................................... 275 Restoring From a Backup (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 276 Restoring From a Backup (ElastiCache API) ........................................................................ 276 Seeding a Cluster with a Backup (Redis) .................................................................................... 277 Step 1: Create a Redis Backup .......................................................................................... 278 Step 2: Create an Amazon S3 Bucket and Folder ................................................................ 278 Step 3: Upload Your Backup to Amazon S3 ........................................................................ 279 Step 4: Grant ElastiCache Read Access to the .rdb File ......................................................... 279 Step 5: Seed the ElastiCache Cluster With the .rdb File Data ................................................. 280 Tagging Backups.................................................................................................................... 282 API Version 2015-02-02 vii Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Deleting a Backup.................................................................................................................. 283 Deleting a Backup (Console) ............................................................................................ 283 Deleting a Backup (AWS CLI) ............................................................................................ 283 Deleting a Backup (ElastiCache API).................................................................................. 283 Redis Append Only Files (AOF) ................................................................................................. 284 Security Groups [EC2-Classic]........................................................................................................... 285 Creating a Security Group ........................................................................................................ 286 Creating a Security Group (Console) .................................................................................. 286 Creating a Security Group (AWS CLI) ................................................................................. 286 Creating a Security Group (ElastiCache API) ....................................................................... 286 Listing Available Security Groups .............................................................................................. 288 Listing Available Security Groups (Console) ........................................................................ 288 Listing Available Security Groups (AWS CLI) ....................................................................... 288 Listing Available Security Groups (ElastiCache API) .............................................................. 288 Viewing a Security Group ........................................................................................................ 289 Viewing a Security Group (Console) .................................................................................. 289 Viewing a Security Group (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 289 Viewing a Security Group (ElastiCache API) ........................................................................ 289 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group ..................................................... 291 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group (Console) ............................... 291 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group (AWS CLI) ............................... 291 Authorizing Network Access to an Amazon EC2 Security Group (ElastiCache API) ..................... 292 Parameters and Parameter Groups ................................................................................................... 293 Parameter Management.......................................................................................................... 294 Parameter Group Tiers ............................................................................................................ 295 Creating a Parameter Group .................................................................................................... 296 Creating a Parameter Group (Console) ............................................................................... 296 Creating a Parameter Group (AWS CLI) .............................................................................. 296 Creating a Parameter Group (ElastiCache API) .................................................................... 297 Listing Parameter Groups by Name ........................................................................................... 299 Listing Parameter Groups by Name (Console) ..................................................................... 299 Listing Parameter Groups by Name (AWS CLI) .................................................................... 299 Listing Parameter Groups by Name (ElastiCache API) ........................................................... 300 Listing a Parameter Group's Values ........................................................................................... 302 Listing a Parameter Group's Values (Console) ..................................................................... 302 Listing a Parameter Group's Values (AWS CLI) ..................................................................... 302 Listing a Parameter Group's Values (ElastiCache API) ........................................................... 303 Modifying a Parameter Group .................................................................................................. 305 Modifying a Parameter Group (Console) ............................................................................ 305 Modifying a Parameter Group (AWS CLI) ........................................................................... 305 Modifying a Parameter Group (ElastiCache API) .................................................................. 306 Deleting a Parameter Group .................................................................................................... 307 Deleting a Parameter Group (Console) ............................................................................... 307 Deleting a Parameter Group (AWS CLI) .............................................................................. 307 Deleting a Parameter Group (ElastiCache API) .................................................................... 307 Memcached Specific Parameters ............................................................................................... 309 Memcached 1.4.34 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 309 Memcached 1.4.33 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 309 Memcached 1.4.24 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 311 Memcached 1.4.14 Added Parameters ............................................................................... 312 Memcached 1.4.5 Supported Parameters ........................................................................... 313 Memcached Connection Overhead .................................................................................... 315 Memcached Node-Type Specific Parameters ....................................................................... 316 Redis Specific Parameters ........................................................................................................ 318 Redis 3.2.4 Parameter Changes ........................................................................................ 319 Redis 2.8.24 (Enhanced) Added Parameters ........................................................................ 322 Redis 2.8.23 (Enhanced) Added Parameters ........................................................................ 322 API Version 2015-02-02 viii Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Redis 2.8.22 (Enhanced) Added Parameters ........................................................................ 324 Redis 2.8.21 Added Parameters ........................................................................................ 324 Redis 2.8.19 Added Parameters ........................................................................................ 324 Redis 2.8.6 Added Parameters .......................................................................................... 324 Redis 2.6.13 Parameters .................................................................................................. 327 Redis Node-Type Specific Parameters ................................................................................ 333 Subnets and Subnet Groups ............................................................................................................ 335 Creating a Subnet Group ......................................................................................................... 336 Creating a Subnet Group (Console) ................................................................................... 336 Creating a Subnet Group (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 337 Creating a Subnet Group (ElastiCache API) ......................................................................... 337 Assigning a Subnet Group to a Cluster or Replication Group ......................................................... 339 Modifying a Subnet Group ....................................................................................................... 340 Modifying Subnet Groups (Console) .................................................................................. 340 Modifying Subnet Groups (AWS CLI) ................................................................................. 340 Modifying Subnet Groups (ElastiCache API) ........................................................................ 341 Deleting a Subnet Group ......................................................................................................... 342 Deleting a Subnet Group (Console) ................................................................................... 342 Deleting a Subnet Group (AWS CLI) .................................................................................. 342 Deleting a Subnet Group (ElastiCache API) ......................................................................... 342 Amazon VPC with ElastiCache .......................................................................................................... 344 Understanding ElastiCache and Amazon VPCs ............................................................................ 345 Overview of ElastiCache In an Amazon VPC ....................................................................... 345 Why use the Amazon VPC instead of EC2 Classic with your ElastiCache deployment? ................ 347 Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 347 Routing and Security ...................................................................................................... 347 Accessing a Cluster in a Amazon VPC ................................................................................ 348 Amazon VPC Documentation ........................................................................................... 353 Creating a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) ...................................................................................... 355 Creating an Amazon VPC (Console) ................................................................................... 355 Creating a Cache Subnet Group ................................................................................................ 357 Creating a Cache Cluster in an Amazon VPC .............................................................................. 358 Creating a Cache Cluster in an Amazon VPC (Console) ......................................................... 358 Creating a Replication Group in an Amazon VPC ......................................................................... 359 Creating a Replication Group in an Amazon VPC (Console) ................................................... 359 Connecting to a Cluster or Replication Group Running in an Amazon VPC ...................................... 360 1. Create an Amazon EC2 Instance .................................................................................... 360 2. Assign IP Address to Your Amazon EC2 Instance ............................................................. 361 3. Connect to Your Amazon EC2 Instance .......................................................................... 362 Security......................................................................................................................................... 365 Security Groups...................................................................................................................... 365 Amazon VPC: Amazon VPC Security Groups ....................................................................... 365 Amazon EC2-Classic: ElastiCache Security Groups ............................................................... 365 Authentication & Access Control ............................................................................................... 367 Authentication............................................................................................................... 367 Access Control................................................................................................................ 368 Overview of Managing Access .......................................................................................... 369 Using Identity-Based Policies (IAM Policies) ........................................................................ 373 ElastiCache API Permissions Reference .............................................................................. 378 Accessing ElastiCache Resources from Outside AWS ............................................................................ 382 Requirements......................................................................................................................... 382 Considerations........................................................................................................................ 382 Limitations............................................................................................................................. 383 How to Access ElastiCache Resources from Outside AWS ............................................................. 383 See also................................................................................................................................ 385 Monitoring..................................................................................................................................... 386 Monitoring Use...................................................................................................................... 387 API Version 2015-02-02 ix Amazon ElastiCache User Guide Dimensions for ElastiCache Metrics................................................................................... 387 Host-Level Metrics.......................................................................................................... 387 Metrics for Memcached................................................................................................... 388 Metrics for Redis ............................................................................................................ 390 Which Metrics Should I Monitor?...................................................................................... 393 Choosing Metric Statistics and Periods .............................................................................. 394 Monitoring CloudWatch Cache Cluster and Cache Node Metrics ............................................ 394 Monitoring Events.................................................................................................................. 397 Managing ElastiCache Amazon SNS Notifications ................................................................ 397 Viewing ElastiCache Events .............................................................................................. 401 Event Notifications and Amazon SNS ................................................................................ 403 Monitoring Costs with Tags ...................................................................................................... 407 Managing Tags Using the Console .................................................................................... 408 Managing Tags Using the AWS CLI .................................................................................... 412 Managing Tags Using the ElastiCache API .......................................................................... 415 Copying Tags to Your ElastiCache Resource ........................................................................ 417 Using the ElastiCache API................................................................................................................ 419 Using the Query API ............................................................................................................... 419 Query Parameters........................................................................................................... 419 Query Request Authentication .......................................................................................... 419 Available Libraries.................................................................................................................. 421 Troubleshooting Applications................................................................................................... 422 Retrieving Errors............................................................................................................. 422 Troubleshooting Tips....................................................................................................... 422 Logging API Calls................................................................................................................... 423 ElastiCache Information in CloudTrail ................................................................................ 423 Deciphering ElastiCache Log File Entries............................................................................ 423 Tutorials........................................................................................................................................ 427 Document History.......................................................................................................................... 428 AWS Glossary................................................................................................................................. 436 API Version 2015-02-02 x

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Sep 30, 2014 Amazon ElastiCache. User Guide. API Version 2014-09- . Step 2: Launch a Memcached Cluster . Step 4: Connect to a Memcached Node .
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