UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK X THE NEW YORK STATE RIFLE & PISTOL AS SOCIATION, ROMOLO COLANTONE, EFRAIN DECLARATION OF ALVAREZ, ANd JOSE ANTHONY IRIZARRY, ANDREW LUNETTA Plaintiffs, -against- 13 CV 21 1s (RWS) ECF Case THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT LICENSE DIVISION, Defendants. X ANDRE\ry LUNETTA, declares under the penalty of perjury, pursuant Ío 28 U.S.C. 5 1746, that the foregoing is true and correct: 1. I am the Commanding Officer of the New York City Police Department License Division ("License Division"), at 1 Police Plaza, New York, New York. I hold the rank of Deputy Inspector. I am also an attorney licensed to practice law in New York. I have been a uniformed member of the NYPD in various legal, investigative, and enforcement assignments for over 26 years, and have been the Commanding Officer of the License Division for over five years. I submit this declaration in opposition to plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction. I submit this declaration to describe how the specific restriction at issue in this case, set forth in Title 38 of the Rules of the City of New York ("RCNY") $ 5-23(aX3), relates to the obligation of the New York City Police Department ("NYPD") to monitor all active handgun license holders in the City of New York (nearly 37,000) and to explain how the specific restriction is necessary to address the public safety concerns that inherently arise when a handgun is removed from a premise and taken onto public streets, I also submit this declaration to explain the procedures employed by the License Division for applications for Premises Residence and Carry Business handgun licenses and investigations of both applicants and active licensees, to explain the procedures employed by the License Division for the review and determination of applications for approved firearms ranges in New York City, and to put in specific facts about authorized firearm ranges in New York City. This declaration is based on my personal knowledge, my review of the city's records and conversations with employees, officers, and agents of the City. Enforcing the Restriction on Premises Residence Licenses 2, My experience with incident investigations and as a uniformed member of the NYPD has shown that license holders in a public setting are just as susceptible as anyone else to road rage incidents, the stress and injury of traffic accidents, crowd situations, demonstrations, family disputes, any other kind of disputes, being a victim of a crime or harassment, and any other stress-inducing circumstance outside of the home. Premise license holders have not demonstrated proper cause to carry a concealed handgun in public. Clearly, there is less public danger if premises Residence license holders do not bring their ltrearms into the public domain. 3. The general government interest in this case is public safety.l This is done by limiting handgun access in public places. The need for the specific restriction at issue is explained by the realities of enforcement. Should New York City Premises Residence license holders be allowed to transport their firearms anywhere outside of the City for target practice or shooting competition, it would circumvent the proper cause requirement for issuance of a carry license and make it too easy for them to possess a licensed firearm while traveling in public, and r The interest in limiting handgun access in public places was also at issue in Kachalsky v. County of V/estchester, 701 F.3d Sl (2d Cir. N.Y' 2012)' 2 then if discovered create an explanation about traveling for target practice or shooting competition. 4. If ranges anywhere in the State were authorized by New York City, then the perception that this simple deception could be effective would be reasonable, This perception, coupled with a desire to possess guns outside the home, would make it more likely that Premises Residence licensees would travel with their firearms where not authorized, Expanding authorized ranges to anywhere in the state would make it difficult, if not impossible, to monitor and enforce the restriction on guns outside the home. 5. 'When target practice and shooting competitions are limited to locations in New York City the ability to create such a fiction is limited. An NYPD officer on patrol can more easily determine whether the person is transporting the handgun directly to or from an authorized range within the City as well as compliance with the other provisions of 38 RCNY $ 5-23(a)(3). The License Division can investigate the credibility of assertions made after the fact more effectively for incidents in New York City. This would not be the case if ranges outside the New York City were authorized, Law enforcement officers outside the City would not be in a position to determine if the person were transporting the handgun directly to or from any range outside the City because the license holder could pick from any number of distant ranges and make assertions about his/her chosen route. Nor would the reporting back from out- of-City law enforcement to the License Division be effective in this context for monitoring the activity and enforcing the general restriction on a Premises Residence license. 6. Because hunting is a highly regulated activity requiring specific authorizations, law enforcement can easily identify those operating outside these specific regulations. A hunting authorization is not carte blanche permission to Premises License holders 3 to travel about New York State wherever and whenever they feel like it with their ftrearms. Law enforcement throughout the State are sensitive to the many precise hunting rules and requirements. The Premises Residence license holder must have a valid hunting license to get the hunting authorization as an amendment to their license, Although they maintain the amendment after the seasonal hunting license has expired, the authoÅzation is only effective to allow transport and carry for hunting that is authorized pursuant to the New York State Fish and Wildlife Law (as stated on the authorization card). Thus law enforcement anywhere in the State would require the license holder to produce the New York City premise license, the separate hunting authorization card, a valid hunting license for the present season and arca at issue, and knowledge of and compliance with many other rules specific to the game and area, such as weapon types, ammunition restrictions, game gender and size restrictions, time and day restrictions, dress restrictions, etc. There is no credible risk of creating a perception that the Premises Residence license holder can carry his/her guns and then just claim they were going hunting if stopped. An officer anywhere in the State could ask about game tags or myriad other specifics to test the credibility of the assertion. Furthermore, an assertion about hunting designed to justify possession of a handgun on a New York City license that is found to lack credibility is likely to be reported back to the NYPD License Division. 7. The existing regulation fully allows Premises Residence license holders to protect their premises, and is closely tied to the government interest in limiting handgun possession in the public arena. The License Division 8. The Police Commissioner delegated his authority to the License Division to oversee the issuance and suspension of firearms licenses and permits, Cunently there are 4 36,907 active licenses that have been issued by the NYPD License Division for the possession of handguns in New York City; and2l,l07 active permits for the possession of rifles and shotguns. 9. The License Division currently processes an average of 3000 new applications and 9000 renewal applications for handgun licenses per year. The Rifle and Shotgun Section processes an average of 850 new applications and 5000 renewal applications for rifle and shotgun permits per year. 10. The License Division is divided into several different sections and units, and is overseen by a five member Executive Staft that includes a director, deputy inspector (myself, as commanding ofhcer), a captain (as executive officer), and two lieutenants. 1. The License Division has sections of staff established for various tasks. 1 For example, there is an Intake Section, New Applications Section, Cany Guard Section, Retired Law Enforcement Section, Rifle/Shotgun Section, Issuing Section, Incident Section, Cancellation Section, Renewal Section, and Administrative Hearing Section. On average, the License Division's Incident Section has investigated 600 incidents of its handgun licensees per year and the Rifle/Shotgun Section another 150 incidents of rifle and shotgun permit holders. Applications for Premises Residence Handsun Licenses 12. As with all handgun licenses processed by the License Division, when applicants apply for a Premises Residence license, they complete an application form that they submit to the License Division with photograph identification, and are fingerprinted. A copy of the Handgun License Application and Instruction Packet is annexed hereto as Exhibit "A." 13. The License Division's Handgun License Application Packet includes instructions on the handgun license application, a listing of the types of licenses for handguns issued by the License Division, an affidavit of familiarity with the handgun licensing laws to be 5 signed by the applicant, an acknowledgement of the petson agreeing to safeguard firearms, a pre- license exemption form, a list of persons prohibited from possessing firearms, copies of certain local law provisions, and an affìdavit of co-habitants. See Exhibit "4." 14. In order to process an application for a Premises Residence license, each application is assigned for investigation. As is evident from the application itself, each applicant is asked questions about the applicant's citizenship, name change history, arrest and criminal conviction history, outstanding warrants, domestic violence history, the history of the issuance of Orders of Protection by or against the applicant, history of mental illness and related treatment, military service history, residence history including proof of current residence, driving history, licensing history, history of lost or stolen firearms, as well as any medical conditions that may affect an applicant's ability to safely possess of use a handgun. See Exhibit "A." 15, License Division staff investigate each applicant and review applications for completeness and accuracy, as well as to determine many state eligibility requirements, such as verifying that all statements in an application are true, that the applicant possesses "good moral chatacter," and that "no good cause exists for denial." Follow up may include reaching out to various federal, state, and city agencies for information about the applicant's history, making requests for additional documentation to support statements made in the application, reviewing the New York State Division of Criminal Justice System ("DCJS") fingerprint response, mental health checks, and requesting further information regarding any arrests or convictions reported therein, and interviewing the applicant. Third parties may be interviewed to obtain relevant information. 16. When an investigator completes the investigation, the recommendation is if forwarded to the unit supervisor who reviews the findings, and complete, forwards the 6 recommendation to the Commanding Officer of the License Division, or the Executive Officer on his behalf. The Commanding Officer then issues the flrnal determination with respect to the issuance of all handgun license applications. 17. Licenses are valid for a three year period, and expire on the licensee's birthday. Prior to the conclusion of that period, a licensee seeking to renew a Premises Residence handgun license (and all other handgun licenses) must submit a renewal application to the License Division. The License Division then conducts an investigation into the information contained in the renewal application; and investigates whether there were any incidents that occurred during the license period that may affect the applicant's license renewal' Application for a Carry Business License 18. Applicants for a Carry Business license use the same application form as that used by persons applying for the Premises Residence license. However, unlike the Premises Residence license, New York State Penal Law section 400.00(2Xf¡ requires applicants for the Carry Business license to demonstrate that "preper cause" exists to justiff the issuance of a concealed carry license. In order to establish the existence of proper cause, the applicant must show that he/she has a need to carry a concealed firearm which is distinguishable from that of the general public, for example, the applicant carries large sums of cash or valuables on a regular basis or is exposed to extraordinary personal danger in daily life. Applicants who qualify for a New York City Cany Business license are authorized by the Penal Law to have and carry concealed firearms (with limited exceptions) anywhere in the State of New York' lg. The plaintifß in this action seek to enlarge the statutory time and place restrictions imposed on Premises Residence licenses by the New York State Penal Law in order to allow them to transport their firearms to any small arms range outside the City of New York 7 for target shooting, Such an extension would greatly expand the restrictions imposed by the Penal Law and in so doing would have a negative impact on public safety. Incident Investisations of Active License Holders 20. All licensees are required by 38 RCNY $ 5-30 to report incidents which may affect their license, including all arrests wherever it occurred. The License Division's Incident Section reviews the facts and circumstances regarding all incidents and makes recommendations as to whether to suspend or revoke a particular license, The License Division also receives reports from DCJS regarding all arrests made within the State of New York for which an arrestee is fingerprinted. 21. No formal report is forwarded to the License Division fot summonses, desk appearance tickets, and other arrests and incidents for which a detainee is not fingerprinted outside of the City of New York, V/ith respect to arrests made outside the State of New York or by the federal govemment, the License Division may be, but is not always notihed of an arrest by the arresting jurisdiction. 22. The NYPD Department Manual (Interim Order 6, series 2013) includes a procedure for NypD personnel to investigate and report incidents involving holders of handgun licenses and rifle/shotgun permits to the License Division Incident Section. Among other things, the procedure directs that if the holder has a Premises Residence license, the investigating supervisor must ascertain whether the handgun was possessed at the premise listed on the license at the time of the incident. If the licensee claims to have been traveling to or from an authorized range, the investigating supervisor must ascertain whether the handgun was unloaded in a locked container with ammunition carried separately, and whether the licensee was traveling directly to or from the range. A copy of Interim Order 6, series 2013, is annexed hereto as Exhibit "K'" 23. The procedure also includes a list of the type of incidents involving holders of a handgun license or rifle/shotgun permit that require an investigation be conducted and reporting to the License Division Incident Section. The list, which is contained in the "AdditionalData" section, includes the following: "Violating terms, conditions, or rules relating to the license/permit (including but not limited to carrying a firearm in public with a Premises Residence license, transporting a firearm on a Premises Residence license for use at an authorized range that is not unloaded in a locked box, and exceeding time or place restrictions on a Limited Cany license)," Exhibit "K." Historv and Elimination of the New York Citv Tareet License 24. Although not specifically authoÅzed by New York State Penal Law $ 400.00, up until 2001, the License Division had issued a class of licenses called the "target license" to New York City residents, The Target License was eliminated for various reasons, including harmonizing the classifications of licensure in New York City with those specifically authorized by the Penal Law. The Target License was a category of hrearm licenses issued only by the Police Department (under the theory that it was a conditional "carry license") and permitted the transport of a registered f,rrearm, unloaded, to and from an authorized shooting range or club for regular recreational target shooting purposes. 25. One of the chief reasons that the Target License was eliminated in 2001 was the history of incidents experienced by the License Division of non-compliance with the limitations of the Target License. Over many years, myriad examples were reported to the License Division of licensees bearing Target Licenses travelling with their firearms when it was clear that they were not on the way to or from an authorized range. Examples included, licensees travelling with loaded hrearms, licensees found with firearms nowhere near the vicinity of an I authorized range, licensees taking their firearms on airplanes, and licensees travelling with their firearms during hours where no authorized range was open. 26. The License Division revoked many pistol licenses with target endorsement, such as that of Rafael Lugo, who was found to have violated 38 RCNY $ 5-01(b) when his briefcase containing the pistol was reported stolen during a street robbery and there was no evidence to support Mr. Lugo's testimony that he was on his way to an authotizednnge, See Matter of Lueo v. Safir,272 A.D.2d216 (lst Dep't 2000). A copy of this decision is annexed hereto as Exhibit "B." 27. Over the years, there were several reported cases where licensees who held only Target licenses, or Premises Residence licenses with target endorsement, were charged with criminal possession of a weapon when found with their ltrearms while not en route to a range. However, Courts struggled to precisely define the restrictions associated with the target licenses. Although the Courts found that the defendants were engaged in activity in violation of the terms and conditions of their licenses, the Courts concluded that it was unclear if the defendants could be charged with criminal possession of a weapon without a license. See. e.g', People v. Thompson, 92 N.Y.2d957 (1998); People v. Ocasio, 108 Misc.2d2ll (2d Dep't 1981); People v. Lap, 150 Misc.2d 724 (NI.Y. Crim. Ct., N.Y. County 1991); People v. Schumann, 133 Misc.2d499 (N.Y, Crim. Ct., Bronx County 1986). Copies of these cases are collectively annexed hereto as Exhibit "C." 28, The Police Commissioner through the License Division is best situated to evaluate the safety concerns with respect to different kinds of licenses. The abuses of the Target License led the Police Commissioner to promulgate rules that eliminated that license and converted existing Targe| Licenses into Premises Residence licenses, which allow for the same 10