XI. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CONTENTS A. Aluminum 1. 1100 2. 6061 B. Stainless Steel 1. 302 2. 303 3. 304 4. 310 321 5. 347 6. C. Super All.oys Inconel 1. 2. Inconel X 3. K Monel D. Alloy S t e e l s 1. 2800 (9% N i ) E. Copper and Miscellaneous Alloys 1. Copper 2. Beryllium Copper 3. 70/30 Brass 4. Invar F. Polymeric Materials 1. Nylon 2. Mylar 3. Teflon 4. Kel-F XI- INDEX- 1 G. Fiber-Reinforced Plastics, 1. Epoxy 2. Phenolic 3. Polyester 4. High-Temperature Polyester 5. Silicone H. Titanium XI-INDEX-2 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS UTS 111t imate tensile strength PSI pounds per square inch KSI 1000 pounds per square inch OF degrees Fahrenheit HR hour, hours MIN minute, minutes IN. inch, inches , MM mi I1 ime t er mi 11 i me t e rs DIA diameter FT-LB foot-pounds BTU British Thermal Units WQ water quench OQ oil quench AC air cool FC furnace cool R stress ratio (minimum stress/maximum stress in fatigue tests) theoretical stress concentration factor, according to Kt Peterson's data LONG. longitudinal grain direction TRANS transverse grain direction DPH Diamond Pyramidal Hardness NOL Naval Ordnance Laboratory ** XI- i A l l of the mechanical properties data in this section ~ are presented graphically. For the materials listed the follow- ing properties are included where available: a. Yield Strength (0.2% offset) b. Tensile Strength c. Elongation d. Weld Tensile Strength e. Stress-strain Diagram f . Modulus of Elasticity g. Impact Strength m. Compressive Strength 0. Fatigue Strength The data sheets marked have been reproduced from: "**I' "Cryogenic Materials Handbook" AD 609 562 Swartzberg, et al. F.R. The Martin Company Denver, Colorado August 1964 The attached list of references are given as the original sources of the material presented in the above document. XI-ii 1. Data obtained for by Martin Company, Denver, under Air Force contract AF33(657)- . C~Lo~ado, 9 1 u 2. A. Warren and R. P. Reed: Tensile and Impact Properties K. of Selected Materials from 20 to 300'%. Monograph 63. National Bureau of Standards, June 1963. 3. K. E. Mowers: Program of Testing Nonmetallic Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures, Final Report. RTD-TDR-63-11. Rocketdyne, December 1962. 4. R. J. Favor et ala: Investigation of Fatigue Behavior of Certain'A lloys in the Temperature Range of Room Temperature to -423'F. WADD TR 60-123. Battelle Plemarial Institute, June 1961. 5. D. N. Gideon et al.: Investigation of Notch Fatigue Behavior Certain Alloys in the Temperature Range of Temperature of Room to -423OF. ADS-TDR-62-351. Battelle Memorial Institute, April 1962. 6. Data obtained for Cryogenic Materials Data Handbook by Cryo- genic Engineering Laboratories, National Bureau of Standards, under Air Force contract AFO4(647)-59-3. 9. F. Watson and J.. L. Christian: Temperature Properties J. Low of Cold Rolled AIS1 Types 301, 302, 304L, and 301 Stainless Steel Sheet. Spec. Tech. Pub. 257. ASTM, 1960, p 170 thru 193. LO. L. Christian: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pres- J. sure Vessel Materials for Application in a Cryogenic. Environ- - ment. ASD-TDR-62-258. General D~amics~AstronauticMsa~rc h 1962. 11. F. Watson et al.: Selection of Materials for Cryogenic J. Applications in Missiles and Aerospace Vehicles. MRG-132. Convair/Astronautics, February 1960. 12. W. Spretnak et al.: "Notched and Unnotched Tensile and J. Fatigue Properties of Ten Engineering Alloys at and , 25OC 196°F.'' Trans, Am. Soc. Metals, Vol 43, 1951, p 547. ** XI-iii 13. R. L. McGee et al.: The Mechanical Properties of Certain Aircraft Structural Metals at Very LQW Temperatures. WADC TR 58-336. Battelle Memorial Institute, November 1958. 14. L. Christian: Mechanical Properties of Titanium and J. Titaniums Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures. MRG-189. Con- vairfAstronautics, October 1960. 15. F. R. Schwartzberg et al.: Determination of Temperature Low Fatigue Properties of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys, Annual Summary Report. Martin Company, Denver, Colorado, July 1963. Prepared under NASA contract NAS8-2631. 16. R. P. Mikesell and R. P. Reed: The Results of the Impact Testing of Copper Alloys. Memo AT(29-1)-1500. Report to US Atomic Energy Commission. Cryogenic Engineering Labora- tories, National Bureau of Standards, 1958. 17. V. N. Krivobok and A. M. Talbot: "Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties, Characteristics, and Processing of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Proc. Am. SOC. Testing Mate- -9r ials Vol 50, 1950, p 895. 18. R. H. Kropschot et Low Temperature Tensile Testing al.: Equipment and Results (300-20°K). Report 2708. Cryogenic Engineering Laboratories, National Bureau of Standards, July 1953. 19. E. T. Wessel: "Some Exploratory Observations of the Tensile Properties of Metals at Very Low Ter-peratures Trans. Am. .I1 SOC. Metals, 49, 1957, p 149.. Vol 20. V. N. Krivobok and R. Thomas, Jr: "Impact Tests of Welded D. Austenitic Stainless Steels." Welding J. Research Supple- @, September 1950. 21. V. Arp et al.: "Thermal Expansion of Some Engineering Mate- rials from 20 to 293°K." Cryogenics, Vol 2, No. 4, June 1962. 22. R. A. Baughman: Gas Atmosphere Effects on Materials. WADC TR 59-511. General Electric Go, May 1960. 23. J. Dyment and Ziebland: The Tensile Properties of Some H. Plastics at Low Temperatures. Report 24fRf55. Explosives Research and Development Establishment, Essex, England, November 1955. ** XI- iv 24.. 3. Dyment and H. Ziebland: "The Tensile Properties of Some Plastics at Low Temperatures." Journal of Applied Chemistry (London), Vol 8, 1958, p 203. 25. H. L. Laquer,and E. L. Head: Low Temperature Thermal Expan- sion of Plastics. AECU-2161. Los Alamos Scientific Labora- tory, September 1952. 26. F. Nix and D. MacNair: "The Thermal Expansion of Pure Metals: Copper, Gold, Aluminum, Nickel, and Iron." Phys. Rev., Vol 60, 1941, p 597. I 27. F. M. Howell: "Low-Temperature Properties and Applications of Aluminum Alloys Conference on Materials and Desipn for Low-Temperature Service. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Eort Bebvoir, Virginia, May 1952, p 253. Also, see Alcoa Research Laboratories Report 9-M-214, November 1953. 28. Data from Armco Steel Corp, Middletown, Ohio, as quoted in Defense Materials Information Center Report Battelle 112, Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, 1959. 29. Investigation of the Influence of Chemistry on Low-Temperature Behavior of Titanium Alloys. Data Bulletin EFE. Titanium Metals Corp of America, May 1962. 30. M. G. Fontana: Investigation of Mechanical Properties and P-hysica l Metallurgy of Aircraft Alloys at Very Low Tempera- tures. WADC TR 5662 Part Ohio State University Research 11. Foundation, October 1948. 31. J. L. Zambrow and M. G. Fontana: 'Nechanical Properties, Including Fatigue, of Aircraft Alloys at Very Low Temperatures .'I Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, Vol 41, 1949, p 480. 32. J. L. Zambrow and G. Fontana: "Impact Strength and Hard- M. ness of Aircraft Alloys Down to -423QF. '' Metal Progress, Vol 53, L948, p 97. 33. M. P. Hanson and T. Richards: Smooth and Sharp-Notch M. Property Variations for Several Heats of Ti-6Al-4V Sheet at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures. NASA TN D-1282. Lewis Research Center, May 1962. 34. Some Properties of Inco Nickel at Low Temperatures. Alloys The International Nickel Co, New York, 1956. ** XI-v 35. Stainless Steel Handbook. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1951, p 67. 36. H. L. Johnston and H. E. Brooks: Impact Strength of Various Metals at Temperaturks Down to 20" Absolute. Tech. Rep. 264-17. Ohio State University Research Foundation, May 1952. 37. M. P. Hanson et al.: Sharp-Notch Behavior of Some High Strength Sheet Aluminum Alloys and Welded Joints at 75, -320, and -423°F. Spec. Tech. Pub. 287. ASTM, 1960. 38. Union Carbide and Carbon Research Laboratory data, as quoted in Metals Handbook, Am. SOC. Metals, 1948, p 204. 39. C. A. Swenson: "The Mechanical Properties of Some Technical Metals in Compression between 4.2 and Advance's in 300°K.'' Cryogenic Engineering, Plenum Press, New York, Vol 1, 1954, p 251. 40. G. B. Espey et al.: Sharp-Edge-Notch Tensile Characteristics of Several High-Strength Titanium Sheet Alloys at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures. Spec. Tech. Pub. 287. ASTM, 1960. 41. J. L. Christian : Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Sheet Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures. ERR-AN-255. General Dynamics/As tronautics, November 1962, 42. H. E. Brooks and H. L. Johnston: Hardness of Various Metals at Temperatures Down to 20°K. Tech. Rep. 264-20. Ohio State University Research Foundation, May 1952. 43. J. L. Christian: Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures. MRG-190. ConvairIAst ronautics , December 1962. 44. R. P. Mikesell and R. P. Reed: "The Impact Testing of Vari- ous Alloys at Low Temperatures Advances in Cryogenic Engi- .If neering, Plenum Press, New York, Vol 3, 1957, p 316. 45. R. M. McClintock: "Low Temperature Tensile Properties of Copper and Four Bronzes." ASTM Bulletin, Vol 240, 1959, p 47. 46. J. L. Christian and A. Hurlich: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pressure Vessel Materials for Application in Cryogenic Environment. ASD-TDR-62-258, Part 11. General Dynamiss/As tronautics , April 1963. ** XI-Vi 47. E. Furman: "Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stain- D. less Steels between -300°F amd 1000°F.'' Metals, Vol 188, J. 1950, 688. p 48. Technical data on Allegheny Ludlum alloy A-286. Allegheny- Ludlum Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1952. 49. Haynes Alloy No. 25. Haynes Stellite CQ, Kokomo, Ind., 1957. 50. Rice et al.: The Evaluation of the Effects of Very L. P. Low Temperatures an the Properties of Aircraft and Missile Metals. TR 60-254. Memorial Institute, February 1960. WADD BatteEle 51. Schwartsberg and R. D. Keys: Mechanical Properties of F. R. 2000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures. R-61-32 Martin Company, Colorado, October 1961. Demver, 52. E. W. Colbeck and W. E. MacGillivray: "The Mechanical Proper- ties of Metals at Temperatures, Part Trans. Inst. Low 11." of Chem. Engrs. (London), Vol 11, 1933, p 107. 53. R. Markovish and Sshwartzberg: Testing Techniques and F. E%. Evaluation Materials for at Liquid3drogen Temperature. of Use Spec. Tech. Pub. 302. AS"SPI, 1961, p 113. 54. Jenkins and 'E. G. Digges: "Effect Temperature on W. D. of the Tensile Properties of High-Purity Nickel." Research - J. NBS, Vol 48, 1952, 313. p 55. J. H. Hoke et al.: "MechznisaE Properties of Stainless Steels at Subzero Temperatures." Metal Progress, 55, 1949, p 643. Vol 56. Watson and J. L. Christian: The Eftect of Cryogenic J. F. Temperatures on the Mechamical Properties of High Strenkth Sheet Alloys (Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steels). ERR-AN-003. General Dynamics/Astronautics, May 1960. 57. L. Teed: The Properties Metallic Materials at Low P. ~f TemperatuE. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1950. John 58. H. Henke: Temperature Properties of the Austenitic R. "Low Stainless Skeels." Prod. Eng., Vol 20, 1949, p 104. 59. Watson and L. Christian: Low-Temperature Properties J. F. 9. of K-Monel, Inconel-X, Rene 41, Haynes and Hastelloy B 25, Sheet Paper A%E, 1962.. Alloys. 61-WA-12. ** XI-vii 60. H. Altman et al., Ohio State University unpublished data, W. as quoted by H. L. Laquer in Document 3706, Office of Tech- nical Services, US Department of Commerce, 1952. 61. T. S. DeSisto: Automatic Impact Testing to 8°K. Tech. Rep. 112/93. Watertown Arsenal Laboratories, July 1958. 62. T. Rubin et al.: "Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Solids at Low Temperatures, I. The Thermal Expansion of Copper from 15 to 300°K." J. Am. Chem. SOC., Vol 76, 1954, p 5289. 63. I. Estermann and J. E. Zimerman: "Heat Conduction in Alloys at Low Temperatures.'' J. Appl. Phys., Vol 23, 1952, p 578. 64. J. C. Campbell and L. P. Rice: Properties of the Precipitation- Hardening Stainless Steels and Low-Alloy High-Strength Steels at Very Low Temperatures. Spec. Tech. Pub. 287. ASTM, 1960, p. 158. 65. T. N. Armstrong et al..: "Properties Affecting Suitability of 9 Percent Nickel Steel for Low-Temperature Service." Welding J. Research Supplement, February 1959. 66. J. C. Hamaker Jr., and E. Vater: Carbon: Strength Re- J. lationships in 5 Percent Chrominum Ultra-High Strength Steels. Preprint 80. ASTM, 1960. 67. G. Sachs and G. Sessler: Effect of Stress Concentration J. on Tensile Strength of Titanium and Steel Alloy Sheet at Various Temperatures. Spec. .Tech. Pub. 287. ASTM, 1960, p 122. 69. C. F. Lucks and H. W. Deem: Thermal Properties of Thirteen Metals. Spec. Tech. Pub. 227. ASTM, 1958, p 1. 70. H. W. Altman et al.: Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Solids at Low Temperatures, Part 11. Tech. Rep. 264-19. Ohio State University Research Foundation. As quoted by R. J. Corruccini and J. J. Gniewek in NBS Monograph 29, 1961. 71. R. W. Powers et al.: The Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Alloys at Low Temperatures, Part 11. Tech. Rep. 264-6. Ohio State University Research Foundation, 1951. As quoted by R. L. Powell and W. A. Blaqpied in NBS Circular 556, 1954. ** XI-viii