Kate Lanz & Paul Brown THE ENGENDERED BRAIN IN THE 21ST CENTURY ORGANISATION The Neuroscience of Business Series Editors Peter Chadwick Ideas For Leaders London, UK Roderick Millar Ideas For Leaders Edinburgh, UK Neuroscience is changing our understanding of how the human brain works and how and why people behave the way they do. Properly understood, many of these insights could lead to profound changes in the way businesses interact with their employees and customers. The problem is that, until now, most of this research has been published in specialist journals and has not made its way to managers’ desks. At the same time, however, business leaders and managers are faced with a plethora of extravagant claims based on mis- understood, or exaggerated, neuroscientific research. Palgrave’s The Neuroscience of Business series seeks to bridge the gap between rigorous science and the practical needs of business. For the first time this series will describe the practical managerial applications of this sci- ence in an accessible, but in-depth, way that is firmly underpinned by a clear explanation of the science behind the management actions proposed. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14428 Kate Lanz · Paul Brown All the Brains in the Business The Engendered Brain in the 21st Century Organisation Kate Lanz Paul Brown Bedford, UK Vientiane, Laos The Neuroscience of Business ISBN 978-3-030-22152-2 ISBN 978-3-030-22153-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22153-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface It promised to be neither the best of days nor the worst of days: just another early morning in the plastic oasis of an airport transit lounge. Newspapers were ready and waiting. There was an English breakfast tea too. That seemed a promise of better things to come after a long-haul flight and a destination needing only one last flight. Then slowly, as the sky lightened, it dawned also that the day was 9/11 and, it so happened, a Tuesday, just as had been the case seventeen years before. Memories of watching the horror of those events live on television in the curious tranquility of an early afternoon, sitting in a shaded draw- ing room overlooking a garden in the peace of the English west countryside, flooded in; remembering too that a trainee journalist son had planned to be somewhere downtown in New York that morning. For thirty-six hours no certainty of his fate was known. Surprisingly there was no mention of the twin towers anniversary in the first paper that had come to hand, the Daily Telegraph. What was consum- ing editors and their journalists then? Slowly, reflectively, it became appar- ent that another kind of American tragedy was being acted out, this time a social one, and spreading virally across the western world. * * * The previous Saturday in the U.S. Open Final, Serena Williams had raged on court at what she considered to be umpiring decisions prejudiced against her. Whatever the merits of her claim and actions, or her self-justification in v vi Preface saying: ‘I have a daughter and I stand for what’s right’, they generated many columns of reportage. And much spin-off comment too. ‘Serena’s rage was magnificent and a lesson for all’, wrote Celia Walden on page 20. ‘I say it was both a triumph and a reminder of why women need to get better at rage’. Really?, the early-morning brain wondered. Has any great society ever made a virtue of feminine rage? There is righteous indignation; and then there is rage. Getting better at it is not a cultural proposition widely held. Not yet, anyway. Should it be? The balance of power between men and women is not a new topic. Nearly two-thousand-five-hundred years ago Aristophanes was exploring it in Lysistrata. Wikipedia1 has an elegant entry on the play. It says, in part: Lysistrata … is an extraordinary woman with a large sense of individual and social responsibility. She has convened a meeting of women from var- ious Greek city-states that are at war with each other (there is no mention of how she managed this feat) and, very soon after confiding in her friend about her concerns for the female sex, the women begin arriving. With support from the Spartan, Lampito, Lysistrata persuades the other women to withhold sexual privileges from their menfolk as a means of forc- ing them to end the interminable Peloponnesian War. The women are very reluctant, but the deal is sealed with a solemn oath around a wine bowl, Lysistrata choosing the words and Calonice repeating them on behalf of the other women. It is a long and detailed oath, in which the women abjure all their sexual pleasures, including the Lioness on the Cheese Grater (a sexual position). Soon after the oath is finished, a cry of triumph is heard from the nearby Acropolis—the old women of Athens have seized control of it at Lysistrata’s instigation, since it holds the state treasury, without which the men cannot long continue to fund their war. Lampito goes off to spread the word of revolt, and the other women retreat behind the barred gates of the Acropolis to await the men’s response. So there are the women of classical times using all the resources availa- ble to them. Maybe Thurber had the play in mind when he observed that ‘Nobody will ever win the battle of the sexes. There’s just too much fraternis- ing with the enemy’.2 1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysistrata (accessed 17 October 2018). 2There is some doubt as to the original author of this fine thought, but Thurber is a strong candidate and it sounds very Thurber-esque. Preface vii Celia Walden’s cry for raging women was preceded in the Telegraph by the banner that a sub-editor had raised for Julia Hartley-Brewer’s column four pages earlier. ‘Let us be rude, or we’ll all go to hell in a handbasket’ said the headline. She was in fact making a reasoned case for the full use of expressive language, including metaphor, because a policeman had been disciplined for using the phrase ‘Whiter than white’. And she quoted with approval Rowan Atkinson’s question about what happened to our right to offend? But the sub-editing had slipped into the convenient modern canard that stridency is a virtue. How many women in organisations have attended training courses to help them become more assertive in Board meetings where the very clear implied message is: Be more like men. Is that really the future? Nearly six decades of active feminism seem, at this point of social his- tory, to have got dead-ended in the argument for equality—a pursuit and demand that in a dynamic society can have no ending: ever. It’s a losers’ catch-up game. Perhaps the origins of the demand come from the collective American non-consciousness created by the Declaration of Independence when, poorly worked out in practice though it was, equality was enshrined as being among the unalienable rights of existence: of ‘all men’, at least. This book has been written with the underlying intention to help avert the social tragedy that, put simply, is about the widespread loss in western societies of trust between women and men and the consequent breakdown of mannerly relationships between them. Put more specifically, it is about the loss of cultural delight in the differences between women and men. We mourn that loss. More purposefully, we want women to claim what is theirs in their own right, not by using men as the standard of reference for some ungraspable equality. Being co-equal is a different proposition from equality as it implies a coming together, not a catching up. So we are starting the argument for maximising women’s claim to the value of the difference. If women are to be valued for who they are, not whether they have attained some state of comparative manhood, then new values will have to come into play too. We want to show that modern scholarship and applied neuroscience are beginning to understand the differences. And they have, we believe, huge ramifications for the future of sustainable organisations. * * * Our essential aim is to help shift the debate about women in the work- place into something seriously purposeful and achievable; and in conse- quence to get out of the cul-de-sac in which modern feminism finds itself viii Preface and, frustratingly for both sides, blames men for the way things are. For the demand for equality has led to a perverse and unsustainable illogical conclu- sion. From the assertion that if women can do anything men can do (quite right) then men and women must be the same (completely wrong). Women can arrive at the same outcomes that men can create, or they might arrive somewhere else, but they would do it differently. That is our essential prop- osition and continuous frame of reference. The achievement of sixty years of feminism in creating the huge cul- tural shift that it has, laying claim to women being in the world—whatever world they choose to be in—as individuals in their own right, is extraordi- nary. Although there are lots of battles still to be fought, the war has been won—at least in the West. In the world of organisations, however, part of the price paid for that achievement has been that in so many organisations women not only find themselves having to be the best men they can be but, when it all gets too inconvenient for process-driven systems, then they can be shunted off into being part of the organisation’s diversity agenda. That really won’t do either, will it? And this book is not just about men and women. It is very much about the fact that brains themselves can be sexually typed. Just because one per- son is observably female and another male, and variably placed on a femi- nine/masculine dimension, we cannot assume that the brain either possesses is of a similar sex. The brain itself within the person may be more feminine or masculine. When this is understood, then the possibilities for a deeper understanding of what the organisational implications of the differences are becomes even more exciting, we suggest. Neuroscience is making us re-think the fundamentals of human behav- iour. Twentieth-century psychology had lots of theories about human behav- iour but no certainties. Psychologists could not agree among themselves, and failed to provide a firm scientific basis for either psychiatry (disturbances of the human condition) or HR (ways of disturbing the human condition).3 The neurosciences of the twenty-first century are telling us that individuals are not, primarily, psychological systems but physical systems: and that indi- viduality is created by the complexity of how experience attached to genetics creates a different brain for everyone even if the unit parts are essentially the same. There are only twenty-six letters in the English alphabet, yet every book that is written re-arranges (within an agreed rule base) the letters that form 3A joke. Ed. Preface ix the words that create the plethora of unique books. So it is with humans. The component parts of each individual’s brain—an extraordinary neuro- chemical factory being got ready for its adult life purposes through twen- ty-four years of development—are systematically organised by the way emotions (e-motions) create pathways in the brain—a process that starts from month four of uterine life. So, like the rest of the physical world, we human beings are essentially energy systems. What we call our psychology is in fact a very complex set of unique algorithms, created by the emotional system that drives each of us into being our—Self and trying to maintain that Self through all the vicissi- tudes of living a life. But it seems most likely that feminine and masculine energy are different; are organised biologically for different purposes; and manifest themselves in adult life as forces that, in context, may have very different and comple- mentary value even if both male and female share (social) values that are identical. What we have set ourselves the task of getting into print is to answer the question: What happens when feminine energy begins to be understood and properly valued in the organisational context? That’s the organisational conun- drum we want to solve, asking also on the way: And why does it have to be a masculine context? If we were to sum it up in one deceptively simple statement, what we are re-formulating is not an argument for equality but, for organisational advan- tage, the emergent quality of women: e-quality, we have started to call it. Even, sometimes, s/he-quality: an emergence of a shared understanding, as between men and women, of the quality of the energy that each bring to corporate endeavour; and of the delight in value that, together, men and women create in a way that neither can create alone. Kate Lanz, Bedford, England + Paul Brown, Vientiane, Laos PDR. April 2019. PS: While in preparing this book we have each commented extensively on what the other wrote, we thought it would be in the spirit of female and male to keep them separate as chapters as well as combined as a book. A generous quirk of the publisher has allowed that to happen. Bedford, UK Kate Lanz Vientiane, Laos Paul Brown