VOLUME TWO 4 h & j @ & Kalamullah.Com Dr. Ali M. Sallabi Translated by Nasiruddin al-Khattab Contents of Volume 2 Arabic honorific symbols used in this book ................... 13 Pronunciation and Transliteration Chart ........................... 14 About the Word Lord. ........................................................ 18 CHAPTER VI The Battles of the Camel and Siffeen, and the Issue of Arbitration .................. 1. Events that preceded the Battle of the Camel .... .. .... ..... .. 25 1.1. Impact of the Saba'is in causing turmoil. ... .. . .... ... . . . 26 1.1.1. The Saba'is - fact or fiction? The reality of Abdullah ibn Saba' ........ .... . .. . .... ... ... 26 1.1.2. The role of Abdullah ibn Saba' in stining up fituah.. ... ... .. ... ... .... ... ... .... ..... . . . . . 3 1 1.2. Different views among the Companions concerning the way to cany out retaliation against the murderers of 'Uthmh ...... .. . .. . ... .... .. . . ... .... .... . .. . 35 1.3. Az-Zubayr, Talhah and 'kishah and their supporters set out for Basra to set things straight ........................ 38 1.3.1. Was 'A'ishah forced to go out? ...................... 44 1.3.2. Was she in control of those who were with her? 45 1.3.3. Attitude of the wives of the Prophet towards those who sought vengeance for the murder of 'Uthmh.. 45 , 1.3.4. 'kishab's passing by the oasis of al-Haw'ab ... 48 1.3.5. Their actions in Basra. ... .. . . . . .. . . .... . .. . ... . .... . ... 51 1.3.6. The slaying of Hnkaym ibn Jablah and the thugs who were with him .......................... 52 1.3.7. The letters of 'kishah to other regions ........... 54 6 Contents of Volume 2 1.3.8. Difference of opinion between 'Uthmin ibn Hunayf and the m y o f 'kishah, az-Zubayr and Talhah. .... 55 1.4. 'Ali ibn Abi Tilib sets out for Kufah ..................... 56 1.4.1. Advice of Abdullah ibn Salh to 'Ali ............ 59 1.4.2. Advice of al-Hasan ibn 'Ali to his father ........ 59 1.4.3. Request of 'Ali from the oasis of Dhu Qk for suppoa from the people of Kufah .......................... 61 1.4.4. Difference of opinion should not affect the love between people ............................... 62 1.4.5. Questions on the road ..................................... 64 1.5. Attempts at reconciliation ....................................... 66 1.6. The outbreak of fighting ...................................... 70 1.6.1. The role of the Saba'is in the outbreak of fighting ............................................... 70 1.6.2. The first round of the Battle of the Camel ...... 76 1.6.3. The second round of the Battle of the Camel ... 79 1.6.4. The number of people killed ........................... 83 1.6.5. Is it hue that Marwih ibn al-Hakam killed Talhah ibn 'Ubaydull&? .............................. 85 1.6.6. The call of 'Ali after the battle ....................... 86 1.6.7. Checking on the slain and praying for mercy for them .................................... 87 1.6.8. The allegiance of the people of Basra ............. 88 1.6.9. The hadith of Abu Bakrah from the Messenger of Allah: 'If two Muslims face one another with swords, then the slayer and the slain will be in he1l '........8..9 1.6.10. The date of the Battle of the Camel .............. 91 1.6.11 . 'Shouldn't we leave them alone when they are Muslim women?' ............................ 92 1.6.12. Abu Bakrah ath-Thaqafi's request to not be appointed as governor of Basra ................... 92 'Ali ibn Abi Trilib 7 1.6.13. The attitude of 'Mi towards those who reviled 'AA 'ishah ..... ... .... ... ........... ... ... . ... 93 1.6.14. amm mi^ ibn Yisir's defence of the Mother of the Believers 'A'ishah .... .. ... .... ... .... .. ... . 93 1.7. Between 'A'ishah the Mother of the Believers and Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi TEtlib ....................... 93 1.7.1. The angel brought her image to the Prophet on a cloth of fine silk before her maniage to him. .... 94 1.7.2. The most beloved of the wives of the Prophet 94 1.7.3. The Prophet received revelation when he was under her blanket with her, but never with his other wive 95 1.7.4. Jibreel sent his to her with the Prophet .... .. . . ....... ....... ... .... ... . . . 96 1.7.5. The Prophet went to her first when the verse instructing him to give his wives the choice was revealed 96 1.7.6. The revelation of v Book of Allah because of her ................................ 97 1.7.7. When the Messenger of Allah was ill, he wanted to be cared for in 'A'ishah's house ... . . .. 99 1.7.8. He (the Prophet) told her that she was one of the people of paradise ..... .... .. . ....... ... .... .... ... 99 1.7.9. The superiority of 'A'ishah over other women is lie the superio other kinds of food 100 1.7.10. Comparative virtues of 'A'ishah, Khadeejah and Fitimah (may Allah be pleased with them all) 105 1.8. The life and martyrdom of az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwh 113 1.9. Biography and martyrdom of Tabah ibn 'UbayduUah 133 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH) ...... . ... ... ... .... .. .... .... ..... ... 142 2.1. Chain of events leading up to the battle .... ....... ..... 142 8 Content.7 of Volume 2 2.1.1. Umm Habeebah bint Abi Sufyh sends an-Nu'mh ibn Basheer with 'Uthmh's chemise to Mu'iwiyah and the people of Syria ..................1 42 2.1.2. Mu'iwiyah's motives for not swearing allegiance 44 2.1.3. Mu'iwiyah responds to Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Tilib ................................................ 146 2.1.4. Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali's preparations for the march to Syria. and al-Hasan's objection to that ... 147 2.1.5. After the Battle of the Camel. 'Ali sent Jareer ibn Abdullah to Mu'iwiyah ........................1 47 2.1.6. 'Ali's march to Syria .....................................1 49 2.1.7. Mu'iwiyah's going out to Siffeen ..................1 50 2.1.8. The fight for the water ...................................1 52 2.1.9. Cooling off and attempts at reconciliation ...... 153 2.2. Outbreak of fighting .............................................. 154 2.2.1. The first day of the battle .............................. 155 2.2.2. The second day ........................................ 156 2.2.3. The night of clamor and Friday ..................... 159 2.2.4. The call for arbitration ................................... 160 2.2.5. The killing of 'Ammir ibn Yisir and its effect on the Muslims ............................... 165 2.2.6. The scholars' understanding of the hadith ...... 167 2.2.7. Refuting the statement of Mu'iwiyah that 'Arnmir was killed by those who had brought him to the battlefield ......................... 169 2.2.8. Who was the killer of 'Am% ibn Yisir? ..... 171 2.2.9. Noble conduct during battle ........................... 173 2.2.10. Treatment of captives ................................... 175 2.2.1 1. The number of people slain ..........................1 76 'Ali ibn Abi Ttlib 9 2.2.12. 'Ali's inspection of the dead and praying for mercy for them ..... .. ... .. ... ... ... . ....... ... .. ,177 2.2.13. Attitude of MuC%wiyatho wards the Byzantine rule 78 2.2.14. A false st 'Amr ibn al-'AA s at Siffeen ..................................... 179 2.2.15. 'Ali visits a graveyard on his way back from Siffeen 80 2.2.16. Insistence of 'Uthrnin's murderers that the battle should continue ..... . . .. .. ... .... ... .... . . .. .. .. 181 2.2.17. Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali forbids impugning Mu'iwiyah and cursing the people of Syria .......... 182 3. Arbitratio 83 3.1. Biography of Abu Moosa d-Ash'ari ...... ... .... .... ... .. 184 3.2. The biography of 'Amr ibn al-'AS ......................... 197 3.3. The text of the arbitration document ......................2 07 3.4. The famous story of the arbitration, which is incorrect for many reasons .........................................2 10 3.5. Is it possible to learn from the arbitration incident in resolving conflicts among Muslim states? .............. 223 3.6. Attitude of Ah1 as-Snnnah towards these wars .......2 25 3.7. Warning against some books which distort the history of the Companions .. ... .. ... .. .. . ... .... ... . ......... 233 3.8. The Orientalists and Islamic history. ... ... .... ... . ... .... ,243 CHAPTER SEVEN 'Ali's attitude towards the Kharijites and Shia ..............2 51 ... 1. The Khanjites .... ...... .... . ... .... ... ... .. ... .. .. . .. . . . ... .... ... .... . .. . ..251 1.1. Origin and definition of the Kharijites ... .. . .. . . .. . . .... ,251 1.2. Hadiths which criticise the Kharijites ... ... ... .... .... . ...2 55 1.3. The gathering of the Kharijites in Haroora' and the debate of Ibn 'Abbzs with them ....................2 60