1 Algae for Wastewater Treatment Workshop Proceedings October 23rd, 2016 Renaissance Glendale Hotel & Spa Glendale, AZ The Water Environment Federation (WEF), AZ Water Association (AZ Water), and the Algae Biomass Organization (ABO) Presented this Knowledge Development Forum in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Algae Biomass Summit 2 Table of Contents PANEL1: Algae Biotechnology for Wastewater Treatment Moderator John Benemann Panel 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 1 John Benemann, MicroBio Engineering ............................................................................. 4 2 Ron Simms, Utah State University ......................................................................................... 9 3 Tryg Lundquist, CalPoly ....................................................................................................... 18 4 Frank Rogalla, Aqualia…………………………………………………………………………..43 PANEL 2: Algae for Wastewater: Design, Financing, and Regulations Moderator Noah Mundt Panel 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 60 1 Daniel Higgins, GE Power & Water ................................................................................... 61 2 Kuldip Kumar, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago ........... 72 3 Robert Bastian, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ................................................. 83 3 Algae for Wastewater Treatment Opportunities in Operational Energy Efficiency, Product Recovery and Low Cost Systems Renaissance Glendale Hotel & Spa, AZ, October 23, 2016 12:30-4:00pm PANEL 1 –Algae Biotechnology for Wastewater Treatment: An Introduction Moderator: John Benemann, MicroBio Engineering Inc. Ron Sims, Utah State University Tryg Lundquist, Cal Poly, California Frank Rogalla, Aqualia / FCC, Spain 4 NNuuttrriieennttss    iinn    wwaasstteewwaatteerrss    ‐‐ aaggrriiccuullttuurraall,,  mmuunniicciippaall  ‐‐ aallggaaee  bblloooommss   eeuuttrroopphhiiccaattiioonn   ddeeaadd  zzoonneess   Anaerobic Lagoons Eutrophic Waterways Municipal Wastewaters Activated Sludge Plant Coastal Dead Zones UNMIXED PONDS – LOW PRODUCTIVITY 5 after Oswald and  Gootas, 1953,  U. Calif. Berkeley O 2 Prof. Oswald Shallow, raceway mixed ponds (“High Rate Ponds”) developed by Prof. Oswald et al., Univ. Calif. Berkeley in 1950s Concord, California, ~1960 6 Wastewater Treatment  Plant, St. Helena, California, 1965 Design incorporating oxidation ponds with high rate ponds  Plant is still Chlorination operates! Maturation  Ponds Settling  Facultative High  Pond   Influent Ponds Inflow Rate - raw sewage Pond First  TEA  for   Algae  Biofuels   Integrated  with  Wastewater   Treatment  ‐ Oswald &  Golueke, 1960 Prof. Bill Oswald 7 U.C. Berkeley, Richmond Field Station, Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory 1976 First use of paddle-wheels for mixing wastewater treatment raceway ponds (Two x 0.1 ha) receiving settled sewage. Demonstrated algae settling (“bioflocculation”), for harvesting, CO2 fertilization for nutrient removal and biofuels production (Benemann et al 1980) 1998: Delhi, California Algae Wastewater Treatment Plant,   two 1.4 ha paddle wheel mixed raceway ponds Effluent Pond   Facultative Influent  Ponds   Paddle wheels 8 High Rate Ponds with Paddle Wheels,  Hilmar, California Facultative Influent Ponds   Raceway Ponds January 12-18 2013 9 Algae Biotechnology for  Wastewater Treatment Ron Sims, Utah State University Microalgae‐based approaches Algae‐based tertiary wastewater treatment Suspended Chlorella Pediastrum Scenedesmus Scenedesmus Ron Sims –Utah StateUniversity Algae Biotechnology for WastewaterTreatment: Sustainable Waste to Bioproducts Engineering Center<swbec.usu.edu> Algae Farming for Nutrient Removal and   Bioproduct Production • Nutrient removal – phosphorus and nitrogen   through production of algae biomass for   wastewater bioremediation • Cultivate and Harvest algae biomass and   transform to biofuels and bioproducts Ron Sims –Utah StateUniversity Algae Biotechnology for WastewaterTreatment: Sustainable Waste to Bioproducts Engineering Center<swbec.usu.edu> 10 Microalgae for Wastewater Treatment • Nutrients from nitrogen and phosphorus • Capture carbon as CO 2 • Energy from sunlight • Produce oxygen as a waste product • Typically mixed culture (as occurs in nature) • Tolerate wide range in environments   (temperature, salinity, water quality) Ron Sims –Utah StateUniversity Algae Biotechnology for WastewaterTreatment: Sustainable Waste to Bioproducts Engineering Center<swbec.usu.edu> Types of Microalgae in Wastewater • Photosynthetic – use CO and sunlight 2  (1) Cyanobacteria (blue green algae) arebacteria • Pigment: phycocyanin (blue‐greencolor) • Toxins: microcystins (algae blooms inlakes) (2) Algae are eucaryotes (green, brown, red) • Heterotrophic – use organic chemicals for   carbon and energy Ron Sims –Utah StateUniversity Algae Biotechnology for WastewaterTreatment: Sustainable Waste to Bioproducts Engineering Center<swbec.usu.edu>