ALGAE ABSTRACTS A Guide to the Literature Volume 2 1970-1972 Volume 1: To 1969 Volume 2: 1970 -1972 ALGAE ABSTRACTS A Guide to the Literature Volume 2 1970-1972 Prepared from material supplied by Water Resources Scientific Information Center Office of Water Resources Research Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-84004 ISBN 978-1-4757-0422-8 ISBN 978-1-4757-0420-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0420-4 Pub I ished 1973 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by IFI/Pienum Data Corporation 1973 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1973 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher INTRODUCTION Aigae Abstracts is the first in aseries of bibliographies on water re sources and pollution published by IFI/Plenum Data Corporation in cooperation with the Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC). It is produced wholly from the information base compris ing material abstracted and indexed for Selected Water Resources Abstracts. The bibliography is divided into volumes according to the publication dates of the source documents. Volume 1 contains 569 abstracts cov ering publication dates up to and including 1969; Volume 2 contains 730 abstracts covering the years 1970 to 1972. The material included in this bibliography represents computer selections based on the presence of a form of the word "alga" somewhere in the referenced citation. Substantively, the material typifies WRSIC's "centers of com petence" approach to information support of the Office of Water Re sources Research (OWRR) of the Department of the Interior. Most of the references in this bibliography are the work of the center of competence on eutrophication at the University of Wisconsin. The indexes refer to the WRSIC accession number, which follows each abstract. The Significant Descriptor Index is made up of a fraction of the total descriptors and identifiers by which each paper has been indexed. It represents weighted terms that best describe the informa tion content; this status is indicated by the asterisks which precede them. The General Index includes all the remaining descriptors and identifiers by which each paper in this bibliography has been indexed. Through permutation, each word in a multiple-word deseriptor or identifier is made to file in its normal alphabetical order, giving aceess to each abstract by all coneeivable routes. To use theindexes, scan the middle rank for a few keywords describing your subject matter interest, then note the WRSIC aceession numbers at the right margin. These numbers loeate the full record in the bibliography, which is ar ranged in ascending accession number order. Each volume, including a complete Author Index, is a self-contained entity, offering ready access to the pertinent literature for the time period it spans. CONTENTS Abstracts ................................................ 1 Significant Descriptor Index ............................... .411 General Index ............................................ 453 Author Index ............................................. 675 ABSTRACTS Publication dates 1970 to 1972 The abstracts are presented in order of increasing accession number. This number appears as the last line of each entry. CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN AND PHCSPHORUS IN WATER, p. L. MCCARTY. JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSQCIATION, VOL 62, NO 2, P 127-140, FEB 1970. 14 P, 6 FIG, 8 TAB, 64 REF. OESCRIPTORS: *NUTRIENTS, *EUTROPHICATION, .WATER QUALITY CONTRCL, .NITROGEN COMPOUNOS, *PHOSPHORUS CCMPOUNDS, ALGAE, NUTRIENT RECUIREMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY, ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS, WATER QUALITY, wATER CHEMISTRY, CYCLING NUTRIENTS. I DEN T I F I ER S : NITROGEN REQUIREMENTSCALGAEI, PHCSPHORUS REQUIREMENTSCALGAEI, NUTRIENT CHEMISTRYIAQUATICI. ABSTRACT: OF THE MAJOR ELEMENTS ESSENTIAL TO ALGAL GROWTH, ~ITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ARE THE ONES MOST LIKELY TO BE OF CRITICALLY LIMITING AVAILABILITY IN NATURAL WATERS. BECAUSE THEY THEPEFORE REPRESENT PROMISING WEAK LINKS IN ALGAL LIFE CYCLES, ThEIR CHE~ICAL STATES AND BEHAVIOR IN WATER ARE EXAMINED TO SEE HOW WATER TREATMENT MIGHT BENEFIT. LARGE SUPPLIES OF NITROGEN ANC PHOSPHORUS ARE PRESENT IN MANY BOOIES OF WATER EITHER IN THE SEDIMENTS, THE ATMOSPH~RE ABOVE, OR IN THE FORM OF DISSOLVEO GAS. THESE FORMS MAY BE AVAILABLE FOR TH~ GROWTH OF ALGAE ANO OTHER AQUATIC PLANTS, BUT THE RATFS AT WHICH THEY MAY BECOME AVAILABLE IS SLOW. THESE RATES ARE IMPORTANT, HOWEVER, AS THEY TEND Ta CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH WHICH CAN BE SUPPORTED. SOLUBLE NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS CONTAINEO IN THE EFFLUENTS FROM WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS, ON THE OTHER HANC, ARE IN A REAOILY AVAILABLE FORM. IF DISCHARGEO TO NATURAL BOOIES OF WATER, THEY CA~ STIMULATE G~OWTH FAR IN EXCESS OF THAT WHICH WOULD OCCUR NATURALLY. CKNAPP-USGSI FIEL D 05C, 05A ACCESSION NO. W70-040eo WISCONSIN WATER RESOURCE PROBLEMS, WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCES, MACISON. L. P. VOIGT. WISCONSIN CONSERVATION BULLETIN, P 3-5, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1970. 2 PHOTOS. DESCRIPTORS: *WATER QUALITY, *wISCONSIN, PHOSPHORUS, PULP ANO PAPER INDUSTRY, ALGAE, AQUATIC WEEOS, RECREATION, GROUNOWATER, FISH, FLOOD PLAINS, IRRIGATION, PESTICIDES. I DENTIFIERS: FOX RIVER BASINIWISI, FWPCA. ABSTRACT: WISCONSIN'S WATER PROBLEMS RELATE TO WATER QUALITY ANO NOT QUANTITY. THE SOUTHEASTERN ANO EASTERN PARTS OF THE STATE ARE PARTICULARLY PROBLEMATIC DUE TO POPULATION ANO INDUSTRIAL CONCENTRATIONS, AND SUBQUENTLY INCREASING DEMANDS FOR QUALITY WATER FeR RECREATION USE. THE PULP ANO PAPER INDUSTRY REPRESENTS THE LARGEST WASTE SOURCE, WITH FOUR TIMES THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANC OF MUNICIPAL WASTES. ANY SULUTION WILL DEMAND THAT THE PROOUCT PRICES REFLECT TOTAL COSTS, INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES. FEDER AL ALLOCATION FUNDS FOR INDUSTRIAL ANO MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS wERE ONLY 1/3 OF THE AUTHORIlED AMOUNT, THUS THE STATE'S EFFECTIVENESS IN POLLUTICN CONTROL IS HAMPEREO. IN THE PAST, THE PROBLEMS OF SILT, NUTRIENTS, AND PESTICIOES HAVE BEEN TACKED BY EOUCATIO~ PROGRAMS, VOLUNTARY ACTION, ANO COST SHARING BUT INTENSIFIEO LAND USE MAY REQUIRE REGULATORY PROGRAMS. ONLY THE SYMPTOMS OF EUTROPHICATION HAVE BEE~ TREATED TO DATE VIA WEEO HARVESTING AND ALGAE POISONING, BUT THE STATE IS CCMMITTED TO REDUCE PHOSPHORUS LOADINGS FROM MUNICIPAl AND INOUSTRIAL WASTES IN LAKE MICHIGAN BY 1972. FLOOO-PLAIN MANAGEMENT, FISH CONTROL, AND IRRIGATION ARE OTHER PROBLEM AREAS TO BE RESOLVEC. IPOWE~S-WISCCNSINI FIELD 05G 1 ACCESSION NO. W70-05103 ALGAl GROWTH AND DECOMPOSITION: EFFFCTS ON WATER QUAlITY, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND CHEMICAl COMPOSITION OF ALGAE IN BATCH CUlTURE, KE~TUCKY WATER RESOURCES INST., lEXINGTON. EDWARD G. FOREE, AND JOHN S. TAPP, JR. AVAIlABlE FROM THE CLEARINGHOUSE AS PB-190 801, $3.00 IN PAPER COPy, $0.65 IN MICROFICHE. RESEARCH REPORT NO. 26, WATER RESOURCES INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY CF KENTUCKY, lEXI~GTON, KENTUCKY, MARCH, 1970. 76 P, 6 TAB, 19 FIG, 43 REF. OWRR PR8JECT A-021-KY. DESCRIPTORS: *EUTROPHICATION, *AlGAE, *NUTRIENT REQUIRE~ENTS, CHlOROPHYTA, CYANOPHYTA, CYClING NUTRIENTS, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PROTEINS, CARBCHYDRATES, LIPIDS. IDENTIFIE~S: *AlGAL GROWTH, NUTRIENT UPTAKE,. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ALGAL DECOMPOSITION •. ABSTRACT: THE CHEMICAl COMPOSITION OF ALGAE GROWN IN BATCH CULTURE OEPENDS MAINLY ON ENVIRONMENTAL CO~OITIONS, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, PRESENCE OF PREOATORS, CELL AGE, ANO SPECIES. THE EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND CELL AGE ON THE COMPGSITION OF THREE UNIALGAL CULTURES IALGAE + BACTERIAl AND ONE HETEROGENEOUS CULTURE IALGAE + BACTERIA + MICROSCOPIC ANIMALSl wERE EVALUATEO. THE CULTURES WERE GROWN IN BATCH CULTURE UNDER BOTH NUTRIENT-ARUNDA~T AND NUTRIENT-DEFICIENT CO~DITIONS AND THE CHANGES IN COMPOSITIONS WERE OBSERVED. LUXURIOUS UPTAKE, WHERE NUTRIENTS ARE INCORPORATED INTO CELLULAR PROTOPLAS~ AT LEVELS GREATER THAN THOSE NECESSARY FOR GROWTH, AND SUPER-LUXURIOUS UPTAKE, WHERE SOME NUTRIENTS ARE STORED RATHER THAN CONVERTED INTC ALGAL PROTOPLASM, WERE ORSERVED. THE CCMMONLY USED MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE WEIGHT PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN WAS INACCURATE WHEN SUPER-LUXURIOUS UPTAKE OCCURRED. COMPOSITION OF THE CULTURES WAS GENERALLY CHARACTERIZED BY PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING THE NUTRIENT-ABUNDANT GROWTH PHASE, BY A FLUCTUATING COMPOSITION OURING TRANSITION FROM NUTRIENT-ABUNDANT TO NUTRIENT-CEFICIENT GROWTH, AND BY LIPID AND/OR CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A RELATIVELY CONSTANT CO~POSITION DURING THE NUTRIENT-CEFICIENT GROWTH PHASE. FIELD OSC ACCESSION NO. W70-05469 EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND THICKNESS OF CULTURE SDLUTICN ON OXYGEN PRODUCTION BY ALGAE, NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, WASHINGTON, D.C. CHEMISTRY DIV. R. L. SHULER, AND W. A. AFFENS. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 19, NO 1, P 76-86, 1970. 10 FIG, 3 TA8, 5 REF. OESCRIPTORS: *CHLORELLA, *LIGHT, *PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN, *ALGAE, CULTURES, VOLUME, MATHEMATICAL STUDIES, CORRELATION ANALYSIS. IDENTIFIERS: *CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA, OXYGEN PROCUCTION, LIGHT INTENSITY, CULTURE THICKNESS, CULTURE VCLUME. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE WAS TO OPTI~IZE OXYGEN PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY FOR USE IN CLOSEO SYSTEMS, SUCH AS SUBMARINES. MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXYGEN PRODUCTION RATE, BV CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA ISOROKIN STRAIN--OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE 39Cl, LIGHT INTENSITY, CULTURE THICKNESS, AND VOLUME OF SUSPENSION WERE WORKED OUT USING A SINGLE TYPE CULTURE VESSEL. THE VESSEL WAS AN UPRIGHT CYLINDER WITH THE INCANDESCENT LIGHT SOURCE (ALSO AN UPRIGHT CVLINDERl LOCATED CENTRALLY. THE CULTURE MEDIUM WAS PUMPED T~ROUGH CCNTINUOUSLY. CULTURE CELL DE~SITIES OF 0.5 TO 1.55~ WET PACKED CELL VOLU~ES WERE SUCH THAT EXPERIMENTAL DATA WERE COLLECTED ON LIGHT lIMITED CElLS UNDERGDING lOG GROWTH. LIGHT INTENSITIES OF 12,000-70,000-FOOT CANDLES wERE EMPLOYED. CUlTURE THICKNESS WAS VARIED BY THE USE OF SEPARATE ANNULAR COMPART~ENTS ARCUND THE SINGLE LIGHT SOURCE. COOLING WATER WAS PUMPED CONTINUOUSLY IN A LAYER BET~EEN LAMP AND CULTURE VESSEL SO AS TO MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE AT 38.5C. THE CONCLUSION WAS THAT OXYGEN EVOLUTION RATE WAS A LCG FUNCTION OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND THAT RATE OF OXYGEN EVOLUTION PER UNIT VOLUME OF CULTURE IS PElATED LINEARLY TO THE RECIPROCAL OF CULTURE T~ICKNESS. THE RELATIONSHIPS CITED FCR THE CYLINDRICAL VESSEL MAY HAVE WIOE APPLICABILITY. EFFICIENCIES WITH RESPECT TO ELECTRICAL (LIGHTl REQUIREMENTS WERE CO~PUTED. IGERHOLD-WISCO~SINI FIELD 02K, OSC 2 ACCESSION NO. W70-05547 RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF NUTRIENTS TO THE POTO~AC RIVER BASIN FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, FEOERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, ANNAPOLJS, MD.; AND NEW YORK STATE DEPT. OF HEALTH, ALBANY. OIV. OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICE. NORBERT A. JAWORSKI, ANO LEO J. HETLING. CHESAPEAKETECHNICAL SUPPORT LABORATORY TECHNICAL RE PORT NO 31, FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, JANUARY 1970. 36 P, 13 FIG, 6 TAB, 8 REF. DESCRIPTORS: *NUTRIENTS, *EUTROPHICATION, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *ESTUARIES, RIVERS, PHOSPHATES, NITRATES, HUDSON RIVER, ALGAE, WATER QUALITY, SEWAGE DISPOSAL, WASTE WATER DISPOSAL, SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, FARM WASTES. IDENTIFIERS: POTOMAC RIVER BASIN, POTOMAC ESTUARY. ABSTRACT: THE UPPER POTC~AC ESTUARY IS HIGHLY EUTROPHIC. DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS, LARGE BLOOMS OF NUISANCE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, MAINLY MICROCYSTIS, OCCUR IN THE FRESH-WATER PORTION OF THE UPPER ESTUARY. A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH NUTRIENT CONTENT AND THE ACCELERATEO EUTROPHICATION IN THE POTOMAC ESTUARY HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED. THE ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATION OF PHOSPHORUS VARIED FROM 0.09 MG/LITER IN THE SOUTH BRANCH TO 1.9 MG/LITER IN THE ANTIETAM WATERSHEO. THE ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATION OF NITROGEN VARIED FROM 0.3 MG/LITER IN THE SOUTH BRANCH TO 2.2 MG/LITER IN OPEQUON CREEK. ABCUT 92,700 LBS/DAY Of TOTAL PHCSPHORUS ENTERED THE POTOMAC IN 1966, 87% FRCM WASTEWATER. THE AVERAGE 1966 LOADING OF TOTAL NITROGEN WAS ABOUT 125,000 LBS/DAY, 51~ FROM WASTEWATER. DURING LOW FLOW CONDITIONS A SIGNIFICANT PROPCRTION OF THE PHCSPHORUS ENTERING THE SURFACE WATER FRO~ THE VARIOUS SOURCES IN THE UPPER BASIN IS RETAINED IN THE STREAM CHANNEL. AT HIGH STREAM FLOW, IT APPEARS THAT A LARGE PROPORTION OF THIS PHOSPHORUS IS 'FLUSHED' OUT OF THE STREAM CHANNEL AND TRANSPORTED DOWNSTREAM. A COMPARISON OF SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS IN THE HUOSON RIVER BASIN TC THOSE IN THE POTCMAC SUPPORTS THE CONTENTION THAT IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGION THE MAJOR SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS TO THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM IS FROM WASTEWATER OISCHARGES. (KNAPP-USGSI FIELD 05B, 05C ACCESSION NO. W70-06509 STABILIlATION OF DAIPY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS, ALEXANDRIA UNIV. (EGYPTI. HIGH INST. OF PUBLIC HEALTH. F. M. EL-SHARKAWI, ANO S. K. MOAWAD. JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEOERATION, VOL 42, Ne 1, P 115-125, JANUARY 1970. 4 FIG, 5 TAB, 17 REF. DESCRIPTORS: *OAIRY INDUSTRY, *OXIDATION LAGOONS, *PILOT PLANTS, ALGAE, BIOCHEMICAL OXVGEN OE~ANO, BIOLCGICAL TREATMENT, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, STABILllATION, *WASTE WATER TREATME~T, *FARM WASTES. IDENTIFIERS: *ALEXANDRIA(EGYPTI, PANDORINA, SOLUBLE ORGANIC SCLIDS. ABSTRACT: A PILOT-PLANT STUOY CF BOD REDUCTION OF MILK PROCESSING WASTES IS REPORTED. A SYNTHETIC DAIRY WASTE OF 750 MG/L BOD WAS FED CONTINUOUSLY TO RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BASINS wITH SLOPING SIOES TO MINIMIlE SLUDGING. THE DETENTION PERIOD WAS 10 DAYS. AN INFLUENT PH CF 9.8 WAS MAINTAINED TO KEEP THE PH AT A LEVEL CONDUCIVE TO ALGAL GROWTH. TANK DEPTH WAS IMPORTANT IN MAINTAINING BALANCE BETWEEN T~E ALGAL AND BACTERIAL FRACTIONS OF THE SYSTEM. THE MICROFLORA SHOWED PLASTICITY IN ADAPTING TO ENVIRON~ENTAL VARIATIONS. PANDORINA CONSTITUTED A MAJOR MEMBER OF THE FLORA HIGHLY ADAPTABLE TO INTERACTION WITH DAIRY WASTES. PANOORINA COULD TOLERATE WIOE TE~PERATURE VARIATIONS (11 OEG TO 32 DEG CI AT A CONSTANT DEPTH OF 75 CM. OTHER ORGANISMS WERE RESPCNSIVE TO SPECIFIC CONQITIONS AND WHEN THE DOMINANT GROUPS SUFFERED A SERIOUS SETBACK, THE SUBDO~INANTS FLOURIS~ED. BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BODI REOUCTIONS WERE BO TO 90 PERCENT AT A BOO LOADING RATE OF 220 LBS/ACRE/DAY (246 KG/OIA/DAYI. (AGUIRPE-TEXASI FIELD 050 3 ACCESSION NO. W70-06619