“I strongly recommend this book to any individual or organization needing to build their IP Service Routing knowledge and hands-on implementation skills and know- how. This comprehensive self-study guide not only leads to a valuable certification at the NRS II level, it covers a wide range of critical IP subject areas in a thorough and practical manner to help you better support your mission, business, and customers.” —Gary Horn Vice President, Technology Services and CTO, Advocate Health Care “This book is a comprehensive source of information necessary for NRS II certification as well as a working tool for the beginning to intermediate level engineer. The topics are inclusive from routing protocols to Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPNs, and lead the student through the information required to pass the challenging certification exams. It also doubles as an invaluable reference for the working network engineer configuring the 7750 SR platform in a service provider environment.” —Douglas Bruyer Alcatel-Lucent 3RP No. 52 “This in-depth guide to the NRS II certification provides extensive coverage of current IP/MPLS technologies and their implementation in modern service provider networks. It is an invaluable tool for helping you obtain your NRS II certification, while developing the important skills needed to support your network and customers. I highly recommend this book to anyone who wants to acquire a deeper knowledge of IP/MPLS routing.” —Geir Jensen Alcatel-Lucent SRA No. 97, Senior Network Architect NextGenTel, part of TeliaSonera “Use this book to learn the skills for building and supporting modern IP networks. It is one of the best I have seen for explaining some of the more complicated areas of MPLS. I would recommend this to someone who is going after the NRS II certification or who is looking for a good technical reference.” —Dan Snyder CCIE No. 12405, Alcatel-Lucent SRA No. 42 Senior Network Architect, UPMC Alcatel-Lucent Network Routing Specialist II (NRS II) Self-Study Guide Preparing for the NRS II Certification Exams Glenn Warnock, Alcatel-Lucent SRA No. 2 Amin Nathoo, Alcatel-Lucent SRA No. 37 Alcatel-Lucent Network Routing Specialist II (NRS II) Self-Study Guide: Preparing for the NRS II Certification Exams Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2011 by Alcatel-Lucent Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-94772-2 ISBN: 978-1-118-17811-9 (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-118-17812-6 (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-118-17813-3 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Nei- ther the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (877) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Not all content that is available in standard print versions of this book may appear or be packaged in all book formats. If you have purchased a version of this book that did not include media that is referenced by or accompanies a standard print version, you may request this media by visiting http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit us at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2011935814 Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent, and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Dedicated to my father, Richard G. Warnock—you quietly inspired my sense of curiosity and passion for teaching and the value of hard work. This book would never have been started without the bedrock of my family—my wife, Maggie, and my daughter and son, Jana and Kim. And Fred—I know you would be proud. —Glenn To my parents, for their support over the years. —Amin Credits Executive Editor Vice President and Executive Publisher Carol Long Neil Edde Project Editor Associate Publisher Tom Dinse Jim Minatel Production Editor Project Coordinator, Cover Kathleen Wisor Katie Crocker Copy Editor Compositor Cate Caffrey Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Proofreaders James Saturnio, Word One Freelancer Editorial Manager Louise Watson, Word One Rosemarie Graham Indexer Associate Director of Marketing Johnna VanHoose Dinse David Mayhew Vertical Websites Project Manager 1 Marketing Manager Laura Moss-Hollister Ashley Zurcher Vertical Websites Assistant Project Business Manager Manager Amy Knies Jenny Swisher Production Manager Vertical Websites Associate Producers Tim Tate Josh Frank Vice President and Marilyn Hummel Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley About the Authors Glenn Warnock earned a B.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of Ottawa in 1977—in the early prehistory of Ethernet, the Internet, and fiber optics. He became fascinated with the possibilities of networking technologies while working for AT&T Canada and Apple Canada. Since he delivered his first course, “Programming in Pascal,” in 1979, teaching has also been an important and rewarding part of Glenn’s career. He was attracted to Alcatel-Lucent in 2006 by the potential of the 7750 SR and the oppor- tunity to participate in the development of the Service Routing Certification program. The success of both has exceeded his optimistic expectations. He can be reached on Twitter at @Glenn_Warnock. Amin Nathoo is a telecom professional with 11 years of experience working for Alcatel-Lucent. He has worked as a SW engineer in the research and develop- ment of various Alcatel-Lucent networking products in the Multiservice WAN and Access Networking divisions, and as a customer support engineer for IPD products in the Technical Expertise Center of Alcatel-Lucent. Amin has a Service Routing Architect certification and is currently a Subject Matter Expert in IP/MPLS networking on the Service Routing Certification team. Amin is an accredited Professional Engineer and holds a bachelor’s degree in Engineering Science from the University of Western Ontario. Acknowledgments There would be no reason for the existence of this book without the Alcatel-Lucent Service Router products. To Basil Alwan and everyone in product development and support who are responsible for the 7750 SR, the 7450 ESS, the 7705 SAR, and the 7210 SAS, thank you for making these great products. We are honoured to be part of such an outstanding group. The content of this book is entirely based on the three SRC courses—Interior Routing Protocols, Multiprotocol Label Switching, and Services Architecture. That means that this book is a joint effort of the SRC Subject Matter Experts group, past and present, who have all contributed to this content. Current members are Bo Li, Connie Kwan, Dave Watts, Ghassan Shaheen, Latif Ahmed, Michael Weir, Mira Ghafary, and Ray Belleville. We are also greatly indebted to the Alcatel-Lucent University SRC instructors who teach and contribute to the development of these courses. We are proud to be members of this skilled and committed team. We are very dependent on the engineering and support groups within Alcatel- Lucent who work with the products daily and write much of the reference material on which we base our courses. Especially important to us are the SR TEC (Technical Excellence Center) and NDE (Network Design Engineering) groups. They are always ready to share their knowledge and help answer any questions we have. There are many in Alcatel-Lucent who contributed to the existence of this book through their constant support, particularly Barry Denroche and Don Joyce. Stephanie Chasse has followed our every step and made sure we got every single one accomplished. Bernie May has been relentless in his pursuit of opportunities to promote this book (and he’s only just getting started!). And, of course, Karyn Lennon has been critical to the completion of this project. Karyn’s experience, commitment, and great track record with previous SRC publications practically guaranteed our success. We would not have the confidence to publish such a book without the critical eyes of our technical reviewers. Special thanks to Ghassan Shaheen, who reviewed every chapter and all the practical exercises. Lieven Levrau and Alastair Johnson made invaluable contributions. Thanks also to the teams of Mustapha Aissaoui and Alfred Nothaft for their review, including Palak Mehta, Santosh Ramamurthy, and Pradeep Jain. Others who made technical contributions include Gilles Geerts and Ziggy Droogmans. Thanks to Rod Hoekman for his input on the SR Product group.