Alaska Field Guide to Potato Pests and Beneficial Insects in English and Russian Аляска Полевое руководство о вредителях картофеля и полезныx насекомыx На английском и pусском Alaska Field Guide to Potato Pests and Beneficial Insects in English and Russian Аляска Полевое руководство о вредителях картофеля и полезныx насекомыx На английском и pусском Ronda Hirnyck, Janice Chumley, Tom Jahns This publication was prepared in cooperation with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service University of Idaho Extension • Moscow, Idaho BUL 879 i AUTHORS: Ronda Hirnyck, Extension Educator, University of Idaho, Boise; Janice Chumley, University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service; Tom Jahns, University of Alaska Fairbanks Coopera- tive Extension Service (retired) This publication was sponsored by the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Grants Program, which is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture © 2012 by the University of Idaho. All rights reserved. First English-Russian edition published July 2012. 16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 TO ORDER COPIES, please contact: Educational Publications Warehouse University of Idaho P.O. Box 442240 Moscow, ID 83844-2240 (208) 885-7982 [email protected] Issued in furtherance of cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Charlotte V. Eberlein, Director of University of Idaho Extension, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844. The University of Idaho provides equal opportunity in education and employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or status as a disabled veteran or Vietnam-era veteran, as required by state and federal laws. ii 1 Contents Introduction .............................................4 Integrated Pest Management .................. 6 Scouting .................................................10 How to use this manual ..........................18 Diseases .................................................22 Insects ....................................................58 Beneficial insects ....................................74 Weeds ...................................................84 Scientific names of potato pests ...........114 References ............................................116 Acknowledgments ................................118 Photo credits .........................................119 2 Содержание Вступление ..............................................5 Интегрированная борьба с вредителями ....................................8 Разведка - Осмотр ................................12 Как использовать это руководство ......20 Болезни .................................................22 Вредители .............................................58 Полезные насекомые ............................74 Сорняки ................................................84 Научные названия вредителей картофеля ........................................114 Ссылки .................................................116 Благодарности ....................................118 Фотографии .......................................119 3 Introduction This manual outlines a scouting plan for potatoes, targeting economically damaging pests and beneficial insects in potatoes grown in Alaska. Also included are new pests with the potential to become economically important. The target audience for this pocket-sized manual is field workers, the first line of defense in pest management. It was developed to help field scouts identify pests at the various crop stages and to give them a background in scouting. Proper pest identification and scouting are indispensable to an Integrated Pest Management program. This manual does not include specific pest management recommendations, scouting requirements, or economic thresholds for each pest. That is for the grower to decide. The references listed at the back of the guide should also be consulted for detailed information on pest biology and management options. 4 Вступление Это руководство описывает план осмотра картофельного поля, с целью выявления экономически опасных вредителей и полезных насекомых для картофеля выращиваемого на Аляске. Сюда также включены новые вредители, которые обладают важным негативным экономическим потенциалом. Главное назначение этого руководства-первая помощь в борьбе с вредителями. Оно было разработано для людей работающиx на обследовании полeй для определения вредителeй на разных этапах развития культуры. Правильная идентификация вредителей и детальное обследование полей необходимые составляющие Комплексной борьбы с вредителями. Это руководство не вкючает в себя конкретные рекомендации по борьбe с вредителями, необходимые требования для осмотра поля , экономические параметры каждого вредителя. Это является решением производителя. Более подробная информация о биологии вредителей и мерах борьбы с ними, перечисленна в конце этого руководства. 5 Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a systems approach to pest management that uses a combination of options for managing pests instead of relying on just one. These options may include, but are not limited to, scouting, pest forecasting models, cultural controls, biological controls, and pesticides. The overall goal of IPM is to maximize economic benefits while minimizing adverse effects to human health and the environment. IPM depends on programs of field scouting, pest forecasting, and economic thresholds to determine the need for pesticide use. The basic principles of an Integrated Pest Management program are detailed below. No single solution There is no single method of pest management that is the best, or that will be successful as a stand-alone practice. Over-reliance on one method will cause long-term problems with pesticide resistance, pest resurgence and pest replacement. Prevention is easier than treatment Aiming to prevent pest infestations is more beneficial in the long term than treating infestations after they occur. In order to prevent pest infestations, it is impor- tant to know which pests are likely to be present, the biology of the pests, and the environmental conditions that encourage pest invasion. 6