Aislinge Meic Conglinne (The Vision of MacConglinne) translated by Kuno Meyer In parentheses Publications Medieval Irish Series Cambridge, Ontario 2000 The Vision of MacConglinne Begins. The four things to be asked of every composition must be asked of this composition, viz., place, and person, and time, and cause of invention. The place of this composition is great Cork of Munster, and its author is Ani(cid:142)r MacConglinne of the Onaght Glenowra. In the time of Cathal MacFinguine, son of C(cid:156)cengairm, or son of C(cid:156)cenm(cid:135)thir, it was made. The cause of its invention was to banish the demon of gluttony that was in the throat of Cathal MacFinguine. Cathal MacFinguine was a good king, who governed Munster; a great warrior prince was he. A warrior of this sort: with the edge of a hound, he ate like a horse. Satan, viz. a demon of gluttony that was in his throat, used to devour his rations with him. A pig and a cow and a bull-calf of three hands, with three score cakes of pure wheat, and a vat of new ale, and thirty heathpoults(cid:213) eggs, that was his first dole, besides his other snack, until his great feast was ready for him. As regards the great feast, that passes account or reckoning. The reason of the demon of gluttony being in the throat of Cathal MacFinguine was, because he had, though he had never seen her, a first love for L(cid:146)gach, daughter of M·ld(cid:156)in, king of Ailech; and she sister to Fergal, son of M·ld(cid:156)in, also king of Ailech, who was then contending for the kingship of Ireland against Cathal MacFinguine, as is plain from the quarrel of the two hags, when they had a duel in quatrains at Freshford: (cid:210)He comes from the North, comes from the North, The son of M·ld(cid:156)in, over the rocks, Over Barrow(cid:213)s brink, over Barrow(cid:213)s brink, Till kine he take he will not stay.(cid:211) 2 (cid:210)He shall stay, shall stay,(cid:211) said the Southern hag; (cid:210)He will be thankful if he escapes. By my father(cid:213)s hand, by my father(cid:213)s hand, If Cathal meets him, he(cid:213)ll take no kine.(cid:211) Then kernels and apples and many sweets used to be brought from L(cid:146)gach, M·ld(cid:156)in(cid:213)s daughter, to Cathal MacFinguine, for his love and affection. Fergal, son of M·ld(cid:156)in, heard this, and his sister was called unto him. And he gave her a blessing if she should tell him truth, and a curse if she should deny him it. The sister told him; for great as was her love and affection for Cathal MacFinguine, she feared her brother(cid:213)s curse reaching her. Then she told the true story. The brother told her to send the apples to himself. And a scholar was summoned unto him, and he promised great rewards to the scholar for putting charms in those numerous sweets, to the destruction of Cathal MacFinguine. And the scholar put charms and heathen spells in those numerous sweets, and they were delivered to Fergal, who despatched messengers to convey them to Cathal. And they entreated him by each of the seven universal things, sun and moon, dew and sea, heaven and earth, day [and night (cid:201) that he would eat] those apples, since it was out of love and affection for him they were brought from L(cid:146)gach, daughter of M·ld(cid:156)in. Cathal thereupon ate the apples, and little creatures through the poison spells were formed of them in his inside. And those little creatures gathered in the womb of one(cid:209)in that animal, so that there was formed the demon of gluttony. And this is the cause why the demon of gluttony abode in the throat of Cathal MacFinguine, to the ruin of the men of Munster during three half-years; and it is likely he would have ruined Ireland during another half-year. There were eight persons in Armagh at that time, of whom these lays were sung: I heard of eight to-night In Armagh after midnight I proclaim them with hosts of deeds, Their names are no sweet symphonies. 3 Comg(cid:135)n was the name of the Two Smiths(cid:213) son. Famous was he after the hunt. Crit(cid:135)n was Rustang(cid:213)s noble son, It was a full fitting name. The Two Tribes(cid:213) Dark One, a shining cry, That was the name of Stelene(cid:213)s son, Dun Raven, a white nun, of Beare, Rough Derry was the name of Sam(cid:135)n(cid:213)s son. Never-Refused was MacConglinne(cid:213)s name, From the brink of the sweet-crested Bann. Wee Man, Wee Wife, bag of carnage, Were Dead Man(cid:213)s sire and dam. My king, king of high heaven, That givest hosts victory over death, Great son of Mary,(cid:209)Thine the way(cid:209) A confluence of cries I heard. One of these eight, then, was Ani(cid:142)r MacConglinne, a famous scholar he, with abundance of knowledge. The reason why he was called Ani(cid:142)r was because he would satirise and praise all. No wonder, indeed; for there had not come before him, and came not after him, one whose satire or praise was harder to bear, wherefore he was called An(cid:142)ra [i.e. Non-refusal], for that there was no refusing him. A great longing seized the mind of the scholar, to follow poetry, and to abandon his reading. For wretched to him was his life in the shade of his studies. And he searched in his mind whither he would make his first poetical journey. The result of his search was, to go to Cathal MacFinguine, who was then on a royal progress in Iveagh of Munster. The scholar had heard that he would get plenty and enough of all kinds of whitemeats; for greedy and hungry for whitemeats was the scholar. This came into the mind of the scholar on a Saturday eve exactly, at Roscommon; for there he was pursuing his reading. Then he sold the little stock he possessed for two wheaten cakes and a slice of old bacon with a 4 streak across its middle. These he put in his book-satchel. And on that night two pointed shoes of hide, of seven-folded dun leather, he shaped for himself. He arose early on the morrow, and tucked up his shirt over the rounds of his fork, and wrapped him in the folds of his white cloak, in the front of which was an iron brooch. He lifted his book-satchel on to the arched slope of his back. In his right hand he grasped his even-poised knotty staff, in which were five hands from one end to the other. Then, going right-hand-wise round the cemetery, he bade farewell to his tutor, who put a gospel around him. He set out on his way and journey, across the lands of Connaught into Aughty, to Limerick, to Carnarry, to Barna-tr(cid:146)-Carbad, into Slieve-Keen, into the country of the Fir-F(cid:142)ni, which is this day called Fermoy, across Moinmore, until he rested a short time before vespers in the guest-house of Cork. On that Saturday he had gone from Roscommon to Cork. This was the way in which he found the guesthouse on his arrival, it was open. That was one of the days of the three things, viz., wind and snow and rain about the door; so that the wind left not a wisp of thatch, nor a speck of ashes that it did not sweep with it through the other door, under the beds and couches and screens of the princely house. The blanket of the guest-house was rolled, bundled, in the bed, and was full of lice and fleas. No wonder, truly, for it never got its sunning by day, nor its lifting at night; for it was not wont to be empty at its lifting. The bath-tub of the guest house, with the water of the night before in it, with its stones, was by the side of the door-post. The scholar found no one who would wash his feet. So he himself took off his shoes and washed his feet in that bath-tub, in which he afterwards dipped his shoes. He hung his book-satchel on the peg in the wall, took up his shoes, and gathered his hands into the blanket, which he tucked about his legs. But, truly, as numerous as the sand of the sea, or sparks of fire, or dew on a May morning, or the stars of heaven, were the lice and fleas nibbling his legs, so that weariness seized him. And no one came to visit him or do reverence to him. He took down his book-satchel, and brought out his psalter, and began singing his psalms. What the learned and the books of Cork relate is, that the sound of the scholar(cid:213)s voice was heard a thousand paces beyond the 5 city, as he sang his psalms, through spiritual mysteries, in lauds, and stories, and various kinds, in dia-psalms and syn-psalms and sets of ten, with paters and canticles and hymns at the conclusion of each fifty. Now, it seemed to every man in Cork that the sound of the voice was in the house next himself. This came of original sin, and MacConglinne(cid:213)s hereditary sin and his own plain-working bad luck; so that he was detained without drink, without food, without washing, until every man in Cork had gone to his bed. Then it was that Manch(cid:146)n, abbot of Cork, said, after having gone to his bed: (cid:210)Lad,(cid:211) he said, (cid:210)are there guests with us to-night?(cid:211) (cid:210)There are not,(cid:211) said the attendant. However, the other attendant said: (cid:210)I saw one going hastily, impatiently across the green a short time before vespers, a while ago.(cid:211) (cid:210)You had better visit him,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n, (cid:210)and take him his ration. For he has been too lazy to come back for his allowance, and moreover the night was very bad.(cid:211) His allowance was brought out, and these were the rations that were taken to him: a small cup of the church whey-water, and two sparks of fire in the middle of a wisp of oaten straw, and two sods of fresh peat. The servant came to the door of the guest-house, and fear and terror seized him at the gaping open pitch-dark house. He knew not whether anybody was within, or not; whereupon one of the two asked, in putting his foot across the threshold: (cid:210)Is there any one here says he. (cid:210)There is some one,(cid:211) answered MacConglinne. (cid:210)It is a breaking of the spells that are on this house to put it in order for one man.(cid:211) (cid:210)If ever the spells on it were broken,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)they were to-night; for their breaking was fated, and it is I who break them.(cid:211) (cid:210)Rise,(cid:211) said the attendant, (cid:210)and eat thy meal.(cid:211) (cid:210)I pledge my God(cid:213)s doom,(cid:211) said he, (cid:210)that since I have been kept waiting till now, until I know what you have there, I shall not rise.(cid:211) The gillie put the two sparks of fire that were in the middle of the wisp of oaten straw, on the hearth, and pulled another wisp from the bed. He arranged the two sods of fresh peat round the wisps, blew the spark, lighted the wisp, and showed him his repast; whereupon MacConglinne 6 said: (cid:210)My lad,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)Why should not we have a duel in quatrains? A quatrain compose on the bread, I will make one on the relish. Cork, wherein are sweet bells, Sour is its sand, Its soil is sand, Food there is none in it. Unto Doom I would not eat, Unless famine befel them, The oaten ration of Cork, Cork(cid:213)s oaten ration. Along with thee carry the bread, For which thou(cid:213)st made thy orison; Woe worth him who eats this ration, That is my say, my lad.(cid:211) The attendant remembered the quatrains, for his understanding was sharp. They take the food back to the place where Manch(cid:146)n was, and declared the quatrains to the abbot. (cid:210)Well,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n, (cid:210)the ill word will tell you the boy. Little boys will sing those verses, unless the words are avenged on him who made them.(cid:211) (cid:210)What do you mean to do, then?(cid:211) said the gillie. (cid:210)This,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n; (cid:210)to go to the person who made them, to strip him of all his clothes, to lay scourges and horsewhips on him, until his flesh and skin break and sever from his bones (only let his bones not be broken); to put him in the Lee and give him his fill of the muddy water of the Lee. Then let him be put into the guest-house, without a stitch of clothing.(cid:211) (And there was no clothing in that house but the blanket, in which lice and fleas were as plentiful as May dew.) (cid:210)There let him sleep that night, in the most wretched and darkest plight he ever was in. Let the house be closed on him 7 from outside until morning, in order that he may not escape, until my counsel together with the Counsel of the monks of Cork shall be held on him to-morrow, even in the presence of the Creator and of St. Barre, whose servant I am. Our counsel shall be no other than his crucifixion to-morrow, for the honour of me and of St. Barre, and of the Church.(cid:211) So it was done. And then it was that his hereditary transgression and his own plain-working sin rose against MacConglinne. The whole of his clothing was stripped oil him, and scourges and horsewhips were laid on him. He was put into the Lee, and had his fill of its dead water. After which he lay in the guest-house until morning. Early at morn Manch(cid:146)n arose on the morrow; and the monks of Cork were gathered by him, until they were in one place, at the guest-house. It was opened before them, and they sat down on the bed-rails and couches of the house. (cid:210)Well, you wretch,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n, (cid:210)you did not do right in reviling the Church last night,(cid:211) (cid:210)The church-folk did no better,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)to leave me without food, though I was only a party of one.(cid:211) (cid:210)Thou hadst not gone without food, even though thou hadst only got a little crumb, or a drink of whey-water in the church. There are three things, about which there should be no grumbling in the Church; viz. new fruit, and new ale, and Sunday eve(cid:213)s portion. For however little is obtained on Sunday eve, what is nearest on the morrow is psalm-singing, then bell-ringing, Mass, with preaching and the Sacrament, and feeding the poor. What was a wanting on the eve of Sunday will be got on Sunday or on the eve of Monday. You began grumbling early.(cid:211) (cid:210)And I profess,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)that we acted in humility, and there was more than enough in requital.(cid:211) (cid:210)But I vow before the Creator and St. Barre,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n, (cid:210)thou shalt not revile again. Take him away with you, that he may be crucified on the green, for the honour of St. Barre and of the Church, and for my own honour.(cid:211) (cid:210)O cleric,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)let me not be crucified, but let a righteous, just judgment be given on me, which is better than to crucify me.(cid:211) Then they proceeded to give judgment on MacConglinne. Manch(cid:146)n 8 began to plead against him, and every man of the monks of Cork proceeded, according to rank, against MacConglinne. But, though a deal of wisdom and knowledge and learning had they, lawfully he was not convicted on a point of speech for which he could be crucified. Then was he taken without law to R(cid:135)th(cid:146)n Mac n-Aeda, a green in the southern quarter of Cork. He said: (cid:210)A boon for me, O Manch(cid:146)n, and ye monks of Cork!(cid:211) (cid:210)Is it to spare thee?(cid:211) asked Manch(cid:146)n. (cid:210)That is not what I ask,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)though I should be glad if that would come of it.(cid:211) (cid:210)Speak,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n. (cid:210)I will not speak,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)until I have pledges for it.(cid:211) Pledges and bonds stout and strong were imposed on the monks of Cork for its fulfilment, and he bound them upon his pledges. (cid:210)Say what it is you want,(cid:211) said Manch(cid:146)n. (cid:210)I will,(cid:211) said Ani(cid:142)r: (cid:210)to eat the viaticum that is in my book-satchel before going to death, for it is not right to go on a journey without being shriven. Let my satchel be given to me.(cid:211) His satchel was brought to him, and he opened it, and took out of it the two wheaten cakes and the slice of old bacon. And he took the tenth part of each of the cakes, and cut off the tenth of the bacon, decently and justly. (cid:210)Here are tithes, ye monks of Cork,(cid:211) said MacConglinne. (cid:210)If we knew the man who has better right, or who is poorer than another, to him would we give our tithes.(cid:211) All the paupers that were there rose up on seeing the tithes, and reached out their hands. And he began looking at them, and said: (cid:210)Verily before God,(cid:211) said he, (cid:210)it can never be known if any one of you stands in greater need of these tithes than I myself. The journey of none of you was greater yesterday than mine(cid:209)from Roscommon to Cork. Not a morsel or drop tasted I after coming. I had eaten nothing on the road, I did not find a guest(cid:213)s welcome on my arrival, but I received [insult], ye curs and robbers and dung-hounds, ye monks of Cork! The whole of my clothing was stripped off me, scourges and horsewhips were laid on me, I was plunged into the Lee, and clean injustice was practised upon me. Fair play was not given me. In the presence of the Maker,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)it shall not be the first thing the fiend shall lay to my charge after going 9 yonder, that I gave to you these tithes, for ye deserve them not.(cid:211) So the first morsel that he ate was his tithes, and after that he ate his meal(cid:209)his two cakes, with his slice of old bacon. Then, lifting up his hands, and giving thanks to his Maker, he said: (cid:210)Now take me to the Lee!(cid:211) On that he was taken, bonds and guards and all, towards the Lee. When he reached the well, the name of which is (cid:210)Ever-full(cid:211), he doffed his white cloak, and laid it out to be under his side, his book-satchel under the slope of his back. He let himself down upon his cloak, supine, put his finger through the loop of his brooch, and dipped the point of the pin over his back in the well. And while the drop of water trickled down from the end of the brooch, the brooch was over his breath. The men that guarded him and held him in bonds grew tired. (cid:210)Your own treachery has come about you, ye curs and robbers, ye monks of Cork! When I was in my cell, what I used to do was to hoard what bits might reach me during five or six days, and then eat them in one night, drinking my fill of water afterwards. This would sustain me to the end of three days and three nights without anything else, and it would not harm me. I shall be three days and nights subsisting on what I ate just now, three days and nights more doing penance, and another three days and nights drinking water, for I have pledges in my hands. I vow to God and St. Barre, whose I am here,(cid:211) said MacConglinne, (cid:210)though neither high nor low of the monks of Cork should leave the place where they are, but should all go to death in one night, and Manch(cid:146)n before all or after all, to death and hell,(cid:209)since I am sure of heaven, and shall be in the Presence, to which there is neither end nor decay.(cid:211) This story was told to the monks of Cork, who quickly held a meeting, and the upshot of the meeting was that MacConglinne should have a blessing on his going in humility to be crucified, or else that nine persons should surround him to guard him until he died where he was, that he might be crucified afterwards. That message was delivered to MacConglinne. (cid:210)It is a sentence of curs,(cid:211) said he. (cid:210)Nevertheless, whatever may come of it, we will go in humility, as our Master, Jesus Christ, went to His Passion.(cid:211) Thereupon he rose, and went to the place where were the monks of Cork. And by this time the close of vespers had come. 10