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ANSI/AIIM MS1-1996 ~~;::~V.::~;~:.: ... i ~.~.-f,'; ~; '~;,- i J Standard Recommended Practice for Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms-operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Approved As American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard August 8,1996 1100 Wayne Avenue ~ ASSOCIATION Suite 1100 FOR INFORMATION Silver Spring, AIIM AND IMAGE Moryland 20910 MANAGEMENT 301-587-8202 INTERNATIONAL Copyright AI 1M International Provided by IHS under license with AIIM Sold to:PUBl!C.RESOURCE.ORG, W1277258 No reoroduction or networkina oermilled wilhoul license from IHS 2012/4/1822:4:49 GMT ANSI/AIIM © by Association for Information and Image Management International 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, MD 20910-5603 Tel: 301-587-8202 Fax: 301-587-2711 ISBN 0-89258-129-8 Printed in the United States of America Copyright AIIM International Provided by IHS under license with AIIM Sold to:PUBLlC.RESQURCE.ORG. W1277258 No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 2012/4/18 22:4:49 GMT ANSIIAIIM MS1-1996 Standard for Information and Image Management - Standard Recommended Practice for Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Association for Information and Image Management International Abstract: This standard provides guidelines and recommended practices for the quality control of Computer Output Microfilm (COM) produced on recorders using fixed "Hard" form slides. Quality control procedures, recommended criteria, and corrective guidance are provided. Copyright AIIM International Provided by IHS under license with AIIM Sold \o:PUBLlC.RESOURCE.0RG, W1277258 No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 2012/4/1822:4:49 GMT ANSIJ AIIM MS 1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Contents In order to maintain a historic perspective, much of the information published in the foreword of the original Foreword ........................................................................... i standard, ANSIIA IIM MS t -198 t, is reprinted here. 1 Scope ............................................................................. 1 2 References ...................................................................... I As the use of computer-output microfilm continued to 3 Definition ....................................................................... 2 grow in the 1970s and as the applications became more 4 Microfilm types .............................................................. 2 sophisticated, it became obvious the community needed to 5 Film processing .............................................................. 3 establish useful methods for prescribing film and image 6 Permanence of microforms ..................... ,. ..................... 8 quality for achieving consistent, acceptable results. Also it 7 Alphanumeric COM quality test form slide ................... 8 was recognized that the requirements for COM recorders 8 Legibility test ............................................................... 12 functioning principally as computer line printer 9 Microfilm density ......................................................... 13 equivalents (alphanumeric) were significantly different in 10 Density of distribution copies .................................... 16 several aspects from the requirements for graphic COM 11 Resolution and quality index ...................................... 16 recorders (such as those used in generating engineering 12 Reproducibility ............................................................ 18 drawings and graphic arts output). Although both types of 13 Printability test ........................................................... 18 14 Standards for storing microfilm ................................. 18 recorders have certain characteristics in common, graphic 15 Guidelines for preparing form slides .......................... 18 recorders must accurately produce geometric shapes, graphs, and three-dimensional views along with Figures dimensions and multiple size characters. The principal concerns with alphanumeric recorders, however, are Figure 1 COM-generation terminology ............................. 2 legibility and the duplication characteristics of printed Figure 2 Film processor control log .................................. 5 text. Figure 3 Artwork for alphanumeric COM quality test slide ........................................... 10 Figure 4 Form-slide layout... ........................................... 11 After evaluating user requirements, the COM Quality Figure 5 Quality index graph .......................................... 17 Standards Committee concluded that a quality standard for alphanumeric COM was not feasible and that a Table recommended practice would fully satisfy user needs. This recommended practice addresses equipment, Table 1 Summary of acceptable density limits ............... 15 supplies, and operational procedures related to Foreword (This foreword is not part of American alphanumeric COM used for business and government National Standard for Information and Image records. Included are recommendations related to Management - Recommended practice for alphanumeric legibility , computer-output microforms - Operational practices for first-generation camera films and subsequent inspection and quality control, ANSUAIIM MSI-I996). generation duplicating films, film processing, This standard is a revision of ANSIIAIIM MSl-1988. The form slide quality (including original artwork), revision is necessary because new standards have been image density, issued and referenced standards have been changed since film stability, the previous edition of MS 1. In addition, other changes film storage. have been made to improve the presentation of A test method for use in establishing and maintaining information. No major technical changes have been made. consistent image quality is included. Specifications for the The clauses on image life have been revised to reflect form slide used to test for image quality are given in changes to the expected life of different media, including ANSUAlIM MS28, Alphanumeric COM quality test slide. a new life expectancy for thermally processed silver film. The method for quality control remains the same. Use of the method described in this document has proven to be This recommended practice is not intended to be an all effective in establishing and controlling quality limits. inclusive quality control document. Its purpose is to supply information useful in maintaining the quality of Further, the method has been relatively easy to institute and use. alphanumeric COM. For general and more inclusive quality control information covering first-generation and duplicate microforms, the user should refer to ANS/IAlIM This standard is a companion to ANSI!A IIM MS39. MS23, Practice for operational procedures/inspection and Whereas ANSI!AIIM MS39 covers standards for graphic quality control offirst generation, silver-gelatin microfilm computer-output microfilm (COM) quality, this standard' of documents and ANSUAIIM MS43, Recommended covers alphanumeric COM quality. practice for operational procedures/inspection and i Association for Information and Image Management International Copyright AIIM International Provided by IHS under license with AIIM Sold to:PUBLlC.RESOURCE.ORG, W1277258 No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 2012/4/1822:4:49 GMT ANSIIAIIM MS 1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control quality control of duplicate microforms of documents and The COM quality test form slide used in this from COM. recommended practice contains density squares large enough to allow measurement of the film density using an This recommended practice is confined to effective ordinary densitometer equipped with a 1 mm aperture. reduction ratios up to and including I :48. Because Although measurement of the large area density does not reduction ratios higher than 1: 48 have not yet been determine character line density, it is very useful in standardized, this recommended practice does not address maintaining consistent exposure from the form slide. The quality considerations for such image sizes. form slide exposure can then be compared to the exposure from the image generator to maintain proper exposure of Of singular importance in alphanumeric COM filming is the alphanumeric characters. the legibility of the information supplied to users. Obviously, if the information is not legible, it has no This recommended practice also includes guidelines for value. So, the most important guidelines to establish are the preparation of the various form slides used to record for legibility, with less emphasis on other characteristics. fixed data. These guidelines should be followed if Because consideration of all possible COM systems and satisfactory results are expected. The most common cause system configurations is virtually impossible, this of unsatisfactory COM output, and the most frequent recommended practice attempts to create general image-quality complaint of users, is the use of improperly guidelines that can significantly increase the probability designed form slides. of consistently acceptable results. Any suggestions for improving this recommended When microfilming hardcopy documents, planetary and practice are welcome and should be sent to the Chair, rotary camera test targets are used to monitor resolution AIIM Standards Board, Association for Information and and density. In COM recorders that use a form slide Image Management International, 1100 Wayne Avenue, containing fixed data, resolution targets are used in the Suite 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-5603. form slide to establish optimum focus, but they do not provide a measure of character resolution or legibility At the time this revised recommended practice was obtained from the image generator. Although character approved, the AIIM Standards Board had the following quality from the image generator cannot be measured members: using resolution targets, the characters can be compared to Name of Representative Organization Represented an image of a reference form slide in the same frame to establish a relative quality level. After evaluating several Marilyn Wright, Chair Association for Information methods for establishing quality limits for COM images, and Image Management, it was concluded that the use of the sans serif characters E International and H provided the easiest means for establishing and Jewel M. Drass Bell & Howell maintaining quality. The characters E and H were chosen JohnC. Gale Information Workstation because they contain both horizontal and vertical lines Group common to most fonts used in COM regardless of the Bruce A. Holroyd Eastman Kodak Company method of character generation. Although there may be James Meyer Saros Corporation differences in aspect ratio (character height to width ratio) and the location of the central horizontal lines in various Roy Pierce Xerox Corporation COM recorders, the similarities are adequate for Fernando L. Podio National Institute of Standards benchmark comparisons. The letters E and H represent and Technology simple shapes that are very easy to compare; however, the Shahzad S. Qazi Eastman Kodak Company more complex and similar symbols such as % and @, B Michael L. Thomas MSTC, Inc. and 8, S and 5, Z and 7, and M and W need to be Stephen Urban Delta Information Systems, examined and proper records kept to assure adequate Inc. legibility. Committee C23, Micrographics Technology, had the Proper COM performance requires controlling both following members at the time it approved this revised character and background optical density to ensure recommended practice: satisfactory duplication of the camera film. This Name of Representative Organization Represented recommended practice gives values covering line and background densities for both first generation camera film Don M. A vedon, Chair A vedon Associates, Inc. and subsequent generation duplicate film. Carl J. Anderson 3M Michael J. Badal Badal Associates ii Association for Information and Image Management International Copyright AI 1M International Provided by IHS under license with AI 1M Sold to:PUBlIC.RESOURCE.ORG, W1277258 No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 2012/4/18 22:4:49 GMT ANSIIA IIM MS 1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Name of Re~resentative Organization Rel!resented Name of Re~resentative Organization Re~resented Bob Brasier Anacomp Theresa Maultsby DATAbank, Inc. Robert Breslawski Eastman Kodak Company Tucker Merritt Merritt Imaging Company Scott E. Case Boeing Computer Services Inc. Larry Cruse University of California William Neale First Image Management Company Harold H. Dorfman Dorfman Associates WayneNye Anacomp, Inc. Eric Erickson Genealogical Society of Utah Walter A. Orlof Department of the Army Henry C. Frey AT&T Bell Labs James J. Quinn Agfa Tony Fujinuma Canon USA Wayne Raasch Canon U.S.A., Inc. W. Camden Gass Deere & Company Mark C. Robinson National Life of Vermont Ray Gayle Microfilm Products Edward W. Rummel BlipChip Products Company Richard Gershbock Information International James E. Snyder AT&T Virginia A. Jones V A Jones Associates Paul 1. Stock IGI Masanobu Kurokawa Fuji Photo Film USA Steve M. Stucki Genealogical Society of Utah iii Association for Information and Image Management International Copyright AIIM International Provided by IHS under license with AltM Sold to:PUBLfC.RESOURCE.ORG, W1277258 No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 2012/4/1822:4:49 GMT ANSUA IIM MS 1-1996 AJphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control American National Standard for ANSI 119.5:1992, Imaging media (film) - Ammonia processed diazo films - Specifications for stability. Information and Image ANSI IT9.6:1993, Imaging media - Photographic films Management - Specification for safety film. Recommended Practice for ANSlINAPM IT9.11:1993, Imaging media - Processed Alphanumeric Computer-Output safety photographic film - Storage. Microforms Operational Practices for ANSIINAPM IT9.J2:1995, Imaging material-Processed Inspection and Quality Control, photographic vesicular film - Specifications for stability. ANSII AIIM MS 1-1996 ANSI/ISO 417:1993 (ANSIINAPM 179.17:1993), Photography - Determination of residual thiosulfate and 1 Scope other related chemicals in processed photographic materials - Methods of using iodine-amylose, methylene This recommended practice describes operational and blue and silver sulfide. quality control guidelines for alphanumeric computer output microfilm (COM) recorders and microforms using ANSIIlSO 5-2:1991, Photography Density black-and-white film as well as duplicates made from measurements - Part 2: Geometric conditions for such films. The scope of this recommended practice is transmission density. limited to images of line printer equivalent output only, such as those used for business and government records. ANSUISO 5-3:1984, Photography Density The scope is further limited to COM recorders using a measurements - Part 3: Spectral conditions. form slide for recording fixed data As such, it does not cover COM recorders using so-called software forms. ANSUISO 3334:1989 (ANSUAllM MS51:1991), Micrographics - ISO resolution test chart No. 2 - This recommended practice covers microforms containing Description and use in photographic documentary data generated by dynamic energy sources, such as reproduction. cathode ray tubes, lasers, and light emitting diodes; and fixed data, such as that contained on a form slide, with ANSI/AllM MS23:1991, Information and image effective reduction ratios up to and including 1:48. The management - Microfilm of documents - Operational subjects covered include a method for comparing the procedures/inspection and quality control of first legibility of the dynamic information to that contained in generation, silver-gelatin microfilm of documents. an image of the alphanumeric COM quality test form slide when exposed on the same frame and duplicated onto ANSUAIIM MS28:1996, Information and image silver, diazo, or vesicular films. The films, film management - Micrographics - Alphanumeric COM processing, film storage, film density practices and quality test slide. guidelines for preparing form slide artwork and form slides are also discussed. ANSUAllM MS43:1988 (AI99l), Information and image management - Recommended practice for operational This standard does not cover COM recorders generating procedures/inspection and quality control of duplicate images from bitmaps or data streams incorporating microforms ofd ocuments andfrom COM. images, variable fonts, graphics, or imbedded objects. 2.2 Related publications 2 Normative references ANSUAIIM TR2: I 992, Technical Report for the Association for Information and Image Management - 2.1 Referenced American national standards Glossary of imaging technology. ANSI IT9.1:1992, Imaging media (film) - Silver-gelatin type - Specifications for stability. AllM TR3: 198/, Technical Report for the Association for Information and Image Management - Thermally ANSI IT9.2:1991, Imaging media Processed processed silver microfilm. photographic films, plates, and papers - Filing enclosures and containers for storage. Association for Information and Image Management International Copyright AIIM International Provided by IHS under license with AIIM Sold to:PUBlIC.RESOURCE.ORG, W1277258 No reproduction or networking permitted wilhoullicense from IHS 2012/4/1822:4:49 GMT