UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS 1941 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1941 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ~ ~ Price 75 cents (paper) Agricultural Statistics, 1941 Prepared under the direction of the Yearbook Statistical Committee: JOSEPH A. BEcKER, Chairman; PAUL FROEHLICH, Secretary; DoNALD JACKSON, S. W. MENDUM, FRED J. RossiTER, C. V. WHALIN, and RoDNEY WHITAKER ------------------------~1 Contents]------------------------- Page Page Introduction _______ ----------------___________ 1 Dairy and poultry statistics__________________ 416 Statistics of grains____________________________ 9 Statistics of foreign trade in agricultural pro- Statistics of cotton, sugar, and tobacco________ 116 ducts ____________________ ------------__ ----- 481 Statistics of fruits, vegetables, melons, and Farm business and related statistics__________ 534 tree nuts __________ -------------------------- 185 Miscellaneous agricultural statistics-forestry, Statistics of miscellaneous crops_______________ 293 weather, roads, etc__________________________ 660 Statistics of beef cattle, hogs, sheep, horses, Index_________________________________________ 719 and mules__________________________________ 338 INTRODUCTION This volume presents information formerly published (until 1935) in the statistical section of the Yearb ook of Agriculture. It brings together what seem from experience to be the most important agri cultural statistics of the United States and of the world so far as the agriculture of this country is concerned. Those who need data for years earlier than are here shown may refer to copies of the Yearbook of Agriculture prior to 1936 and to Agricultural Statistics thereafter. Current statistics comparable with those here presented can be obtained from periodicals and mimeographed reports published by the Department. When the word "Yearb ook'' alone appears in this volume, it refers to the Yearb ook of Agriculture, published by this Department. ACREAGE, YIELD, AND PRODUCTION OF CROPS The Agricultural Marketing Service, through its crop and livestock reporting service, estimates acreage of crops, numbers of livestock, and production, farm utilization, prices paid to farmers, farm sales, and farm value of crops, livestock, and livestock products. Acreages for the years 1909, 1919, 1924, 1929, and 1934 are based largely on the agricultural censuses. Acreages in recent intercensal years have been based on the year-to-year changes shown by approxi mately 200,000 returns which rural mail carriers secure each year from individual farmers, supplemented in each State by returns to mailed inquiries and such other indications of acreage or production as are locally available, including State enumerations, local surveys, frontage measurements, carlot shipments, elevator and warehouse receipts, cotton ginnings, tobacco sales, sugar-beet purchases, and acreages of special crops contracted by processing companies. Yields per acre are based in part on reports of one or more farmers in each agricultural township on the average yield per acre in their localities and in part upon yields derived from reports of acreage and production of principal crops on individual farms. For all crops 1 2 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1941 except cotton and a few minor crops, yields from 1919 to 1939 have been adjusted to be comparable with the census yields. For cotton, acreage, yield, and production are based upon the census and other statistical data developed from the agricultural programs. The pro duction agrees with census ginning enumerations, with some adjust ments between States where cotton grown in one State was ginned in another. Linters are not included in cotton figures, unless so stated in .the respective tables. Estimates of farm stocks, farm disposition, sales, utilization, and crop condition are based either upon sample data for individual farms or upon estimates of crop reporters for their localities, supplemented by such check data as are available. Monthly sales by farmers are based upon returns from farmers or primary handlers and upon check data, such as railroad shipments, ginnings, etc. COMMERCIAL CROPS The term "commercial" is used in connection with certain crop estimates to distinguish some part of the total production of a crop. Commercial truck-crop production is concerned only with those areas growing crops primarily to supply the large consuming markets more or less distant from the producing center. "For fresh market" refers to those truck crops grown for direct shipment and consumption in their fresh state. Production in home and market gardens, intended primarily for local sale, is excluded. Similarly "for processing" refers only to quantities grown for use by canning, freezing, or packing establishments and excludes quantities canned in the home. For the areas concerned, the total production relates to that suitable for food marketing purposes unless destroyed by natural cause before harvest, whether or not the entire crop finds a market or use. In these production estimates, therefore, are retained those quantities · of produce which ordinarily would be marketable, but which are left unharvested because of adverse marketing conditions. Production for processi:ng includes the total quantities of raw product used by packers, freezers, or canners for manufacturing purposes. For apples, commercial production relates to the commercial counties and differs from former commercial crop, which represented sales for fresh consumption only, but for the entire State. PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS Mid-month prices received by farmers are based on returns from a special list of price reporters, composed mainly of country buyers of or dealers in agricultural products. These average local market prices are, for the most part, prices received for all grades and quali ties of a specific commodity sold on or about the 15th of each month. United States prices, both by months and for the crop marketing season, are computed by weighting State prices by production. Season average prices, by States, are calculated by weighting monthly prices by estimated sales during the marketing season. Farm values for most commodities are computed by applying the season average price, by States, to production, excluding any not harvested on account of market conditions. For commercial truck crops and for certain fruit crops, the prices shown are the estimated season averages of the prices received by AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1941 3 farmers at the shipping point, including the cost of the container where this is a customary requirement of delivery. Citrus and some other fruits are valued at equivalent per unit returns, excluding packing, grading, and container costs, rather than at average prices for all sales. A few crops, for which neither weighted averages of monthly prices nor average prices for the entire marketing season are available, are valued at December 1 prices. These are based upon returns from crop reporters. The index numbers of prices received by farmers consist, for the most part, of the aggregate value of a fixed quantity of goods-based on current mid-month prices for those commodities-expressed as a percentage of the aggregate value of the same commodities in the base period (August 1909-July 1914). The ratio of these index numbers of prices received by farmers to the index numbers of prices paid by farmers measures the monthly variation in the per-unit exchange value of farm products. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Numbers of livestock on farms on January 1 are based on the census enumerations, supplemented by enumerations by local assessors, by brand-inspection records, and by records of shipments. Numbers on January 1, 1930, give weight insofar as feasible to the census of 1930, which·was as of April 1, with allowance for indicated changes between January 1 and April 1. In the intercensal years the num bers of livestock are estimated by methods similar to those used for crop acreages. The average values per head on January 1 are based upon returns from correspondents relating to livestock in their vicinity. These reflect inventory values as distinguished from the monthly prices which relate to sales. The farm value on January 1 is computed by applying the average value per head to the number on farms. Estimates of production and farm utilization of livestock and live stock products are based upon sample data for individual farms, supplemented by check data of shipments, receipts, manufactures, and other similar data. For milk and egg production, the samples relate to production on the first day of each month. MARKET SUPPLIES AND PRICES The market news service of the Agricultural Marketing Service supplies much of the information on market prices and movements. The leased-wire telegraph system in use by this Service extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and reaches most of the im portant markets. At each of the branch offices commodity specialists gather information regarding supply, niarket demand, and prices of the products on which they report. They observe sales actually made on the markets and are constantly in touch with the traders, who in many instances give them access to office records in order that specific information may be had, on which to base their reports. Carlot shipments and market receipts of crops and livestock prod ucts are reported by officials and agents of railroads, express com panies, and boat lines, or are compiled from trade publications. Shipments to market by motortruck have continued important, and at a few of the markets receipts by truck are reported by dealers 4 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 41 and distributors. Data on receipts, slaughter, and shipments of livestock are obtained from monthly reports submitted by the public stockyards. Data on cold-storage stocks are obtained directly from all important cold-storage warehouses, and data on commercial stocks of grain are reported by boards of trade, etc. Leaf-tobacco stocks are reported directly by dealers and· manufacturers. Reports on the grade and staple of cotton ginned in the principal cotton producing States are based on samples currently obtained from a substantial number of representative gins, a sample from every bale. Annually the grade and staple of the cotton on hand August 1 is reported. Where a weighting factor is available, market prices as shown are weighted averages. But in many cases a weighting factor is not available, and the prices shown are usually the means of ranges of quotations without reference to quantity. Prices derived from different sources may not be strictly comparable although for most purposes they are satisfactory. Data covering commercial stocks and movements of various commodities are as nearly complete as practicable and are considered fairly representative . . IMPORTS AND EXPORTS The tables of international trade cover substantially the inter national trade of the world in agricultural products of interest in the United States. The total imports and total exports in any one year cannot be expected to balance, although disagreements tend to be compensated over a series of years. Among the sources of disagree ment are: The different periods covered by the trade years of various countries; imports received in the year subsequent to the year of export; lack of uniformity in classification of goods as among countries; varying degrees of failure in recording countries of origin and ultimate destinations; different practices in recording reexported goods; and different methods of treating free ports. In the international trade tables the exports given are, as far as possible, domestic exports and, therefore, include exports of commodities·which are the growth, prod uce, or manufacture of the specified country, as well as exports of commodities of foreign origin which have been changed from the form in which they were imported or enhanced in value by further manu facture after importation. In the case of foreign countries the imports given are "special" or net imports, rather than general imports, when ever it is possible to distinguish such imports from general imports. General imports are all the reported arrivals, whereas special or net imports are general imports less reported reexports of merchandise previously imported and not changed from the condition in which imported .. Special or net imports are used in the international trade tables for the following countries: Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Ireland, China, Netherlands Indies, France, and the United Kingdom. In both the United States trade' tables and the international trade tables, the United States trade figures are domestic exports as defined above and, until January 1934, general imports, unless otherwise specified. Beginning with January 1934 imports for consumption are · given. Imports for consumption include all commodities released by customs for entry. For any given period general imports will differ from imports for consumption to the extent.that arrivals reported as AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1941 5 placed in bonded customs warehouses during the period differ from reported withdrawals from such warehouses for consumption. Ex port and import statistics of the United States include trade with the Philippine Islands. They also include any trade between foreign countries and Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, but do not include shipments between continental United States and these possessions. Prior to January 1, 1935, the Virgin Islands of the United States were treated in the same manner as the Philippine Islands, but since that date the Virgin Islands are treated in the same manner as Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. OTHER STATISTICS Statistics of acreage and production in foreign countries are compiled, as far as possible, from official sources and are, therefore, subject to whatever errors may result from shortcomings in the reporting and statistical services of the various countries. Inaccuracies also result from differences in nomenclature and classification in foreign countries. Except where otherwise stated, pre-war data refer to pre-war bound aries. Yields per acre are calculated from acerage and production, both rounded to thousand units, and are therefore subject to a greater possibility of error when calculated for countries with small acreage. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES "Ton" when used in this book without qualification means a short ton of 2,000 pounds. The following table of weights, measures, and conversion factors covers the most important agricultural products, or the products for which such information is most frequently asked in the Department of Agriculture. It does not cover all farm products nor all containers for any one product. The figures were assembled from various sources within the Depart ment'!' and from~State schedules of legal weights. For most products, particularly fruits and vegetables, there is a considerable variation in weight per unit of volume, due to differences in variety or size of the commodity, condition and tightness of pack, degree to which the container is heaped, etc. Effort was made to select the most repre sentative and fairest average for each product. For such commodities as develop considerable shrinkage, the point-of-origin weight or weight at harvest was used. The approximate or average weights, as given in this table, do not (necessarily) have official standing as a basis for packing or as grounds for settling disputes. Not all of them are recognized as legal weights. The table was prepared chiefly for use of workers in the Department of Agriculture, who have need of conversion factors in statistical computations. The figures are subject to revision. 6 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 41 Weights, measures, and conversion factors used in the Department of Agriculture (See explanatory text just preceding this table) WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Approxi Approxi Commodity Unit• mate net Commodity Unit' mate net weight weight -------1:------11----11-·------l-·----------- Pounds Pounds Alfalfa seed ___________ BusheL ______ _ 60 Eggs, average size .. __ Case, 30 dozen. 45 BusheL ....... . 48 Figs, fresh __________ . Box,singlelay- 6 Apples. ______________ {Box •-----_____ _ 44 er.J6 BarreL ........ . 140 Flaxseed ______________ BusheL ....... . 56 Apricots ____ ... _______ BusheL .... __ _ 48 Flour, various ........ BarreL ........ . 196 Western ... _______ Crate'--------- 22 Grain sorghums ..•... BusheL ...... . 56 and 50 ArticGhlookbees .:. . -------- Box< __________ _ 40 GrapFelofrruidita:. ..••...... Box''---------- 80 Jerusalem ... ----- BusheL ...... . 50 California ........ Box"---------- 60 Asparagus. • _________ _ Crate, 1 dozen 24 Grapes !BusheL ....... . 48 2-pound Eastei-i:i_-_-_-::::::: 12-quart basket. 18 bunches. Lug box"------ 28 Avocados: 4-basket crate" 20 FClaolrifiodran. i.a. ... _ __________ __ BBooxx6'- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_- -_ 12-1153 VIr estern.......... Keingc (h2e,6s4).2 cubic 21 32 Bananas. ..........•.. Bunch, 8-9 41>-65 Box, sawdust 34 hands. pack." Barley_ __________ ----- BusheL ...... . 48 Hempseed____________ BusheL ....... . 44 Beans: Hickory nuts......... BusheL ....... . 50 Lima, dry ________ BusheL ....... . 56 Honey ________________ Gallon ...... __ 12 Other, dry ________ {SBaucskh _e_L__. _._._._._._. ._ 10600 HHoorpsse _r_a_d_i_s_h_ _r_o_o_t_s_ ._._._._. BBualseh, egLro .s.s. ........ .. 23005 Lima, unshelled .. BusheL ..... __ 32 Hungarian millet seed BusheL ....... . 48and 50 Snap _____________ BusheL ....... . 30 Kafir _________________ BusheL. ...... . 56 and 50 Beets: Kale. ... -------------- BusheL ....... . 18 Without tops ..... BusheL _______ _ 52 Kapok seed........... BusheL ....... . 31>-40 Bunched.-------- Western crate'- 51>-60 lard ... -------------- Tierce. ... ____ _ 375 Berries; frozen pack: Lemons, California... Box''---------- 76 Without sugar. ... 50-gallon barreL 380 Lentils ............... BusheL. ......• 60 3+1 pack ________ _ 50-galion barreL 425 Lettuce _______________ Western crate 7_ 70 2+1 pack. ....... . 50-gallon barreL 450 Limes .. -------------- Box"---------- 80 Blackberries _________ _ 24-quart crate .. 36 Linseed oil. ..•... ___ Gallon ________ _ '7. 5 Bluegrass seed ...... __ Bushel. ....... . 14-30 Malt.---------------- BusheL .... ___ _ 34 Broomcorn (6 bales Bale ___________ _ 333 Maple sirup __________ Gallon ________ _ 11 per ton). Meadow fescue seed .. BusheL ....... . 24 Broomcorn seed ...... BusheL ....... . 44-50 Milk ... -------------- Gallon ________ _ 8.6 Buckwheat ___________ BusheL ....... . 48-52 Millet ________________ BusheL. ...... . 48-50 Butter_ ________ ._ ______ Tub __________ _ 63 Molasses.------------ Gallon ..... ___ _ 11.75 Cabbage ____________ c_ {1~~~~shel ham- 50 MOautsst_ a__rd__ _se__e_d_ ._._._._._._ _._ BBuusshheeLL ..•.....•....... 58-6302 Western era te ' 80 Olives .. -------------- Lug box"------ 21>-30 Cantaloups ___________ Standard 45 60 Olive oil ...... -------- Gallon.-------- '7. 5 crate.' Sack.---------- 100 Carrots: 0 • d Y {Sack __________ _ 50 Without tops ..... BusheL ....... . 50 mons, r ---------- Bushel, late .... 57 Bunched _________ Wcsterncrate•. 51>-65 Bushel, early __ _ 50 Castor-beans.________ BusheL ....... . 46 Onions, green, Crate'-------- 5Q-55 Castor oil.. ........... Gallon ________ _ '8 bunched. Cauliflower. ...•.. ___ 1)i-bushelcrate. 37 Onion sets_ ___________ BusheL ....... . 28-32 Celery ________________ %crate"------ 90 Orangp.s: Cherries: Florida ........... Box''---------- 90 With stems. ...... BusheL ....... . 56 California _______ Box"--------- 70 Without stems •.. {BFluasth beol x· ;j_·_-_-_-_ -_ 6145 ~~~:~~:~~~ ~~~~------= ~~~~~--::: ::::: '7.154 C!over.seed___________ Bushel. ... ---- 60 Parsnips______________ Bushel. ....... . 50 Corn: Pea h s {Bushel. ....... . 48 SEhaerl,l ehdu .s.k..e.d............ BBuusshheeLl. ..............• . 12 7506 Pea0n uet o-i-L--. -_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_· GLuagll obno _x__''_-_-_-_-_- -_ • 72.50 Green, sweet ..... BusheL ....... . 35 Peanuts, unshelled: MeaL ____________ BusheL. ...... . 50 Virginia type. .... BusheL. ..•.... 22 SOiirl.u_p__ ________________________ GGaalllloonn _._-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 91 71.. 55 Rueansnteerrsn . south- Bushel. ....... . 28 Cotton ............... m:l~: g~t~~~:::: 13457008 PearSsp. .a.n -i-s-h- .-•-.-•--.-.-.-.-.-. BBuusshheeLL ...•..........•. 3500 Cottonseed___________ Bushel. ....... . .. 32 Western __________ Box"---------- 46 Cottonseed oiL. ...... Gallon ________ _ • 7. 5 Peas: Cowpeas _____________ BusheL .......• 60 Green, unshelled. BusheL ....... . 30 Cranb . {BarreL. ....... . 100 Dry-------------- BusheL. ...... . 60 erries........... !4-barrel box''- 25 Peppers .......... ____ BusheL ...•.... 25 Cream, 30-percent Gallon ________ _ 8.43 Perilla seed .•..... ____ BusheL .•.....• 37-40 butterfat. Pineapples. ........••• Crate"-------- 70 Cucumbers_ __________ Bushel. •......• 48 BusheL. ...... . 56 Dewberries. .......... 24-quart crate .. 36 Plums and prunes.... {Crate'-------- 20 Eggplant _____________ Bushel ........ . 33 Suitcase lug"-- 16 See footnotes at end of table. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 41 7 Weights, measures, and· conversion factors used in the Department of Agriculture Continued Approxi Approxi Co=odity Unit! mate net Commodity Unit I mate net weight weight Pounds Pounds Popcorn:· Sunflower seed _____ __ BusheL .. ____ __ 24 and 32 On ear_ _____ --~-- BusheL. ______ _ 12 70 Sweetpotatoes .. __ . __ _ BusheL ....... . ., 55 PopSphye lsleeedd._ ____________________ BBuusshheeLL. _-_-_-_-_-_- ._ 4566 TTaimngoetrhinye sse, eFdl.o _r_i_d .a.-.._ B~sutsrhaepL".- _-__- ------- . 4450 P 0 tato es ___ ------·---{BBaursrheeLL _ .__._ ______ __ 16605 TobaMccaory: land ______ __ Hogshead______ 6D0-800 Quinces._____________ BusheL. _____ __ 48 Flue-cured ___ .... Hogshead______ 9D0-1,100 Rapeseed _____________ BusheL ______ _ 50 and 60 Burley __________ _ Hogshead __ . __ . 1, OD0-1, 200 Raspberries __________ 24-quart crate __ 36 Dark air-cured. __ Hogshead ______ 1, ooo--1, 250 Redtop seed _________ BusheJ. _______ _ 14-40 Virginia fire-cured Hogshead ______ 1,05G--1,350 Rice: Kentucky and Hogshead._ .... 1, 35G--l, 650 BusheL ..... _ 45 Tennessee fire Rough ____________ {Bag __________ _ 100 cured. Milled ___________ PBoacrkreetL o _r_ _b_a_g__ _ __ 110602 Cigar leaL .. ----. {~:f:~ ~: :::::::: 2155QQ----316755 Rosin ________________ Barrel, gross __ _ 500 T t {BusheL ______ _ 53 Rutabagas.__________ BusheL _______ _ 56 oma oes-:---------- Lug box Jo _____ _ 32 Rye .. ____ ----------__ BusheL ______ __ 56 Turnips: Sesame seed__________ BusheL ______ . 46 Without tops ____ _ BusheL _______ _ 54 Sallots .. _ ------------- BusheL ______ __ 30 Bunched _______ __ Crate'--------- 6Q--80 Sorgo: Turpentine. ........ . Gallon ______ __ 7. 23 SRiemepd_ _______ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- GBaulslohne _L_ __________ __ __ 115.40 VVeetlcvhe t_b_e__a_n_s_ _(h__u_l_le_d_ )._. BBuusshheeLL-. -..__._ ·_- ---- 6600 Soybeans _____________ BusheL ______ _ 60 Walnuts ________ . ___ __ BusheL __ .. __ __ 50 Soybean oiL _________ Gallon. ______ __ 17.5 Water, 60° F _______ __ Gallon _______ __ 8. 33 Spelt. ________ ------__ BusheL ...... __ 40 Watermelons .. ______ . Melon of aver- 25 Spinach ___ ----------_ Bushel.. .. ____ _ 18 age or medi Strawberries __________ 24-quart crate __ 36 um size. Sudan grass seed.____ BusheL ______ __ 40 Wheat_______________ BusheL ______ _ 60 Sugarcane sirup ______ Gallon _______ __ 11.25 Various commodities. {Short ton ____ __ 2, 000 Long ton _____ _ 2, 240 J Standard bushel used in the United States contains 2,150.42 cubic inches; the gallon, 231 cubic inches; the cranberry barrel, 5,826 cubic inches, and the standard fruit and vegetable barrel, 7,056 cubic inches. Such large-sized products as apples and potatoes sometimes are sold on the basis of a heaped bushel, which would exceed somewhat the 2,150.42 cubic inches of a bushel basket level full. This also applies to such products as sweetpotatoes, peaches, green bea~s_, green peas, spinach, etc. 2 Approximate inside dimensions, lOY:) hy lly, by 18 inches. ' Approximate inside dimensions, 4Y:l by 16 by 16Ys inches. • Approximate inside dimensions, 9%: by 11 by 20% inches. 'Approximate inside dimensions, 3%: by 13V. by 16Ys inches. • Approximate inside dimensions, 4~o by 13V. by 16Ys inches. 'Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 18 by 21% inches. 8 Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 12 by 22Ys inches. ' This is the weight co=only used in trade practice, the actual weight varying according to temperature conditions. 10 Approximate inside dimensions, 22 by 16 by 20%: inches. n Approximate inside dimensions, 3%: by llV. by 14Ys inches. 12 The standard weight of 70 pounds is usually recognized as being about 2 measured bushels of corn, husked. on the ear, because it requires 70 pounds to yield 1 bushel, or 56 pounds, of shelled corn. 13 For statistical purposes the bale of cotton is 500 pounds gross or 478 pounds net weight. Actual bale weights vary considerably, and the customary average weights of bales of foreign cotton differ from that of the American square bale. "This is the average weight of cottonseed, although the legal weight in some States varies from this figure of 32 pounds. 16 Approximate inside dimensions, 9~ by lOY. by 15 inches. 10 Approximate inside dimensions, 1%: by 11 by 16Ys inches. 11 Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 12 by 24 inches. 18 Approximate inside dimensions, llY:) by 11~ by 24 inches. 10 Approximate inside dimensions, 5%: by 13~ by 16Ys inches. 20 Approximate inside dimensions, 4%: by 16 by 16Ys inches. 21 About 13 pounds of sawdust are required to pack 32 pounds of grapes in a keg, thus making the total weight about 45 pounds. " Approximate inside dimensions, 7~ by 15 by 18%: inches. "Approximate inside dimensions, 10 by 13 by 25 inches. "Approximate inside dimensions, 8~ by 11~ by 18 inches. "Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by lOY. by 33 inches. " Approximate inside dimensions. 3y.! by 11 by 18 inches. 27 This average of 55 pounds indicates the usual weight of sweetpotatoes when harvested. Much weight is lost in curing or drying, and the net weight when sold in terminal markets may be far below 55 pounds. "Approximat-e inside dimensions, 6 by 12 by 24 inches. (See conversion factors on next page) 8 AGRtCUL'l'URAL STA'fiSTICS, 1 9 41 Weights, measures, and conversion factors used in the Department of Agriculture Continued CONVERSION FACTORS Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent AppDleos ___-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 11 ppoouunndd cdhrioepds _ ______________ __ 57 ppoouunnddss ffrreesshh.. Do _______________________ _ 1 barreL _____________ _ 3 boxes or 3 bushel baskets. Apricots ___________________ .-__ 1 pound dried ________ _ 5~ pounds fresh. Barley flour.------------------ 1 barrel (196 pounds) __ 9 bushels barley. Beans, lima __________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2 pounds unshelled. Buckwheat flour ____________ .. 1 barrel (196 pounds) __ 7 bushels buckwheat. Cane sirup __ ----------------__ 1 gallon ______________ _ 5 pounds sugar. Cherries __________________ -_-__ 1 pound dried ________ _ 4 pounds fresh in California; 5 pounds fresh elsewhere. Corn, shelled _________________ _ 1 bushel (56 potmds) __ 2 bushels (70 pounds) of husked ear corn. Corn meal: Degermed ________________ _ 1 barrel (196 pounds)__ 6 bushels corn. Nondegermed ____________ _ 1 barrel (196 pounds) __ 4 bushels corn. Cotton _______________________ _ 1 pound ginned _______ 2.86 pounds unginned. Dairy products: Butter_ ___ --------_______ _ 1 pound. _____________ _ 21 pounds milk. Cheese __ ------------------ 1 pound ______________ _ 10 pounds milk. Condensed milk, whole ___ _ 1 pound ______________ _ 2.2 pounds milk. Evaporated milk, whole __ _ 1 pound ______________ _ Do. Ice cream 29 _______________ _ 1 gallon ___________ ._ __ _ 15 pounds milk. Ice cream " (eliminating 1 gallon._------------- 12 pounds milk. fat from butter and con centrated milk). Malted milk _____________ _ 1 pound ______________ _ 2.6 pounds milk. Powdered milk. __________ _ 1 pound ______________ _ 8 pounds milk. Powdered cream _________ _ 1 pound ______________ _ 19 pounds milk. Dates ________________________ _ 1 pound dried ________ _ 1 Hi pounds fresh. Eggs_-----------_____ . _______ _ 1 case (45 pounds) ____ _ 35.3 pounds frozen or liquid eggs. FigsD __o_ ______________________________________________ __ 11 cpaosue n(d45 d prioeudn _d__s_)_ _______ __ 93. 8p poouunnddss fdrreisehd eingg sC. alifornia; 4 pounds fresh elsewhere. Grapefruit, Florida ___________ _ 1 case canned. _______ _ Slightly less than 1 box fresh fruit. LFlianxseseeedd o _i_L -_------------------- --------- 11 gbaulslohne _L__ _______________________ __ FYrioelmds 0 a.4b obuuts h2e~l fglaaxllsoenesd .o il. Malt _________________________ _ 1.1 bushels ___________ _ 1 bushel barley. Maple sirup __________________ _ 1 gallon ______________ _ 8 pounds sugar. Nuts: Almonds, imported _______ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 3~ pounds unshelled. Almonds, California ______ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled. BraziL-------------------- 1 pound shelled _______ _ 2 pounds unshelled. Cashews _________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 4.55 pounds unshelled. Chestnuts ________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 1.19 pounds unshelled. Filberts __________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled. Pecans: Seedling _________ ~-___ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.63 pounds unshelled. Improved ____________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.38 pounds unshelled. Pignolias _________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 1.3 pounds unshelled. Pistachios ________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2 pounds unshelled. Walnuts: Black ________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 8~ pounds unshelled. Persian (English) ____ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.38 pounds unshelled. OatmeaL ____________________ _ 1 barrel (196 pounds) __ 10% bushels oats. Peaches, California ___________ _ 1 pound dried ________ _ 5lc\ pounds fresh. PPeeaarnsu _t_s_ ________________________ _-___________ - -----___ 11 ppoouunndd sdhreiellde _d_ ____________ __ 51J~cl ppoouunnddss furnesshh.e lled. Peas, green ___________________ _ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.5 pounds unshelled. Prunes_-----------------__ ---- 1 pound dried ________ _ 2Y.\ pounds fresh in California; to 4 pounds fresh elsewhere. Raisins _______________________ _ 1 pound. _____________ _ 4 pounds fresh grapes. Rtce __________________________ _ 1 pound milled _______ _ 1.62 pounds rough or unhulled rice. Rye flour. ____________________ _ 1 barrel (196 pounds) __ 6 bushels rye. Sugar __ ----------------------- 1 ton raw ____________ _ Hawaii, 0.9617 ton refined; Puerto Rico and Philippines, 0.946 ton refined; Cuba, 0.9418 ton refined, beginning with the 1931-32 season; Louisiana (96° raw), 0.9346 ton refined, begin ning 1919; Florida (96° raw), 0.9346 ton refined, beginning 1928. Tobacco _______________________ 1 pound farm-sales Various weights of stemmed and unstemmed, ac weight. cording to aging and the type of tobacco. (See Circular 435, U.S. Dept. of Agr.) WWohoeLat _ f_l_o_u_r_ ______________________________________ 11 pbaorurneld (s1c9o6 upreodu _n_d_s__)_ _ __ 42. 7p obuunshdesl gs rweahsee.a t." Do ________________________ 1 pound pulled _______ _ 1 )1 pounds grease. "The milk equivalent of ice cream per gallon is 15 pounds. Reports from plants indicate about 81 percent of the butterfat in ice cream is from milk and cream, the remainder being from butter and concentrated milk. Thus the milk equivalent of the milk and cream in a gallon of ice cream is about 12 pounds. ~0 Th1s figure (4.7) bas bee_n used for conversions relating to the pe_riod 1921-40. Because of changes in mlllmg processes, the followmg factors have been used for earlier penods: 1790-1879, 5 bushels; 1880-1908, 4.75 bushels: 1909-17, 4.7 bushels; 1918 and 1919, 4.5 bushels; 1920, 4.6 bushels.