AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY Biospecific Sorption — The First Extensive Compendium on Affinity Chromatography as applied to Biochemistry and Immunochemistry Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Vienna, Austria, 20-24 September 1977 Edited by O. HOFFMANN-OSTENHOF M. BREITENBACH F. KOLLER D. KRAFT O. SCHEINER University of Vienna, Austria PERGAMON PRESS OXFORD · NEW YORK · TORONTO SYDNEY PARIS FRANKFURT U.K. Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England U.S.A. Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523, U.S.A. CANADA Pergamon of Canada Ltd., 75 The East Mall, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AUSTRALIA Pergamon Press (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 19a Boundary Street, Rushcutters Bay, N.S.W. 2011, Australia FRANCE Pergamon Press SARL, 24 rue des Ecoles, 75240 Paris, Cedex 05, France FEDERAL REPUBLIC Pergamon Press GmbH, 6242 Kronberg Taunus, OF GERMANY Pferdstrasse 1, Federal Republic of Germany Copyright © 1978 Pergamon Press Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permis sion in writing from the publishers. First edition 1978 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Affinity chromatography. 1. Affinity chromatography - Congresses I. Hoffmann-Ostenhof, O II. Österreichische Biochemische Gesellschaft 574.Γ9285 QP519.9.A35 78-40289 ISBN 0-08-022632-9 In order to make this volume available as economically and as rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been reproduced in their original forms. This method unfortunately has its typographical limitations but it is hoped that they in no way distract the reader. Printed in Great Britain by William Clowes & Sons Limited London, Beccles and Colchester LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ALLEN, G.J., G.D. Searle & Co. Ltd., Research Div.,Lane End Road, High Wycombe, Bucks., HP12 ^HL, United Kingdom. AEBISCHER, M.L., Centro Nazionale Transfusione Sangue, Via Ramazzini 15, Roma, Italy. ALLENMARK, S., Clinical Research Centre, Linkòping University Hos­ pital, S-58I 85 Linkòping, Sweden. ANDERSON, U., Clinical Research Centre, Linkòping University Hos­ pital, S-58I 85 Linkòping, Sweden. BACHNER, J., Institut für Medizinische Chemie, Währingerstraße 10, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. BARNA-VETRO, I., Human Institute for Serobacteriological Research and Production, Szâllâs u.5» H-IIO7 Budapest X, Hungary. BARROS, M.F., Cell Biology Laboratory, Gulbenkian Institute, Oeiras Portugal. BAUSCH, J., c/o F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Grenzacherstr. 124, CH-4o02 Basel, Switzerland. BIEVA, C., Laboratoire national de reference pour 1'histocompatibi- lité, Hôpital Saint-Pierre, rue Haute 322, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. BIRKE, F., Institut für Experimentelle Chirurgie, Abteilung f. Exper. Chirurgie u. Immunologie, D-7^ Tübingen, German Federal Republic. BINDER, B., Physiologisches Institut der Universität Wien, Schwarz­ spanierstraße 17» A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. BLUM, W., Vogtshaldenstr. k7, D-7^ Tübingen, German Federal Republic. BOKHOUT, B.A., Centraal Diergeneeskunding Inst., Afdeling Rotterdam, Prof. Poelslaan 35, Postbus 6OO7, Rotterdam 7, The Netherlands. BOLLMANN, 0., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38? A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. BOSCHETTI, E., IBF, 35 quai du Moulin de Cage, F-92231 Genneviliers, France. BRANDT, J., AB Kabi, S-112 87 Stockholm, Sweden. BREITENBACH, G., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. BREITENBACH, M., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. BROCAS, H., I.R.I.B.H.N., Faculté de Medicine, 115, Bid. de Waterloo, Rue Evers 20, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. BRUNNER, G., Max Planck Institut für Immunbiologie, Stubeweg 51» D-78 Freiburg, German Federal Republic. BUNEMANN, H., Universität Bielefeld, Biologie III M, Morgenbreede 45, D-48 Bielefeld, German Federal Republic. CACACE, M.G., Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, Via Toiano 2, I-8OO72 Arco Felice (Napoli), Italy. CASATI, P., Lepetit S.p.A., Via M. Gorky 3O/32, Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy. xi XI1 List of Participants CLAEYSSENS, M., Labor, voor Algemene en Biologische Scheikunde, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9OOO Ghent, Belgi um. CLERICI, L., Biology Group - D.G. XII, Joint Research Center, 1-21020 Ispra, Italy. CLIFFORD, H.K., Shell Research Ltd., Biosciences Laboratory, Sittingbourne Research Centre, Broad Oak Road, Sittingbourne, (Kent), United Kingdom. COOKE, K.B., Dept. of Chemical Path. Page Street Wing, 17 Page Street, London SW1P 2AR, United Kingdom. CORCORAN, E., Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Agricultural Division, Research & Development Dept., Biochemical Group, Billingham, Cleveland, United Kingdom. CORCUFF, P., L'Oreal Laboratoire de Recherche, L'avenue de Saint Germain, F-936OO Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France. CORGIER, M., IBF, 35 Quai du Moulin de Cage, F-92231 Gennevilliers, France. COURTENAY, J.S., Wellcome Research Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, United Kingdom. DEAN, P.D.G., Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BK, United Kingdom. DECKX, R., Centraal Laboratorium, Appelmanstraat 29, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium. DIMENT, J.A., Wellcome Reagents Ltd., Beckenham, Kent, BRS3 3BS, United Kingdom. DUMONT, J.E., Ave. Louis 199 A, B-IO5O Bruxelles, Belgium. DWORSKY, P., Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-IO9O Vi enna, Austria. EGLY, J.M., Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS and Unité kk de l'INSERM, 11, rue Human, F-67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. EKETORP, R., AB Kabi, Fack, S-II287 Stockholm, Sweden. EMOD, I., Inst. Pasteur Chimie des Proteins, 28, Rue du Docteur Roux, F-75OI5 Paris, France. ERARSLAN, A., Istanbul Medical Faculty, Dept. of Microbiology, Capa-Istanbul, Turkey. ERSSON, Β·, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Uppsala, Box 576, S-75I 23 Uppsala, Sweden. FABRE, J., Nuffield Dept. Surg., The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, 0X2 6HE, United Kingdom. FAUCHERE , J.L., Institut f. Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. FLEISSNER, A., Psychiatrische u. Nervenklinik, Universität Hamburg, Neurochem. Abteilung, Martinistr. 52, German Federal Republic. FÖRSTER, 0., Institut f. Allgem. u. Exp. Pathologie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 13? A-IO9O Wien, Austria. FRIED, W., Industriestr. 72, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. GABEL, D., Dept. of Chemistry, University of Bremen NW2, Postfach 33Ο 440, D-28 Bremen 33, German Federal Republic. GEMEINER, M., Tierärztliche Universität, Institut f. Biochemie, Linke Bahngasse 11, A-IO3O Vienna, Austria. GERFAUX, G., France GLATTHAAR, B.E., Diagnostische Forschungsabteilung, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. GRANT, D., Dept. of Surgery, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom. GREIMEL, A., Schwechaterstraße 22, A-2325 Himberg, Austria. GSCHWENDER, H.H., Postfach IIO9, MPI f. Zellbiologie, D-2940 Wilhelmshaven, German Federal Republic. List of Participants xiii GSCHWIND, H.P., Biozentrum d. Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. GÜRLER, B., Istanbul Medical Faculty, Dept. of Microbiology, Capa-Istanbul, Turkey. HALPERIN, G., The Weizmann Institute of Science, Dept. of Chemical Immunology, Rehovot, Israel. HAIGIS, E., Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland. HAMMARSTRÖM, S., Wenner-Gren-Institute, University of Stockholm, Dept. of Immunology, FAC, S-104 05 Stockholm 50, Sweden. HAMMERSCHMID, F., Sandoz Forschungsinstitut, Brunnerstr. 59, A-I235 Vienna, Austria. HANSEN, S.I·, Frederiksborg Amts Centralsygehus, Centrallaboratoriet, DK-3^00 Hillerjzfd, Denmark. HARTIG, A., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38» A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. HELLWIG, E., Bundesanstalt f. Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Forschung, Kinderspitalgasse 15» A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. HERMON-TAYLOR, J., Department of Surgery, St. Georges's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 ORE, United King­ dom. HORANYI, M., Daróczi ut. 2k, H-II3 Budapest XI, Hungary. HINTEREGGER, Ch., Institut für Biochem. Technol. und Mikrobiol., Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9» A-IO6O Vienna, Austria. HITSCHMANN, A., Institut f. Angew. Mikrobiologie, Universität f. Bodenkultur, Peter Jordan Str. 82, A-II90 Vienna, Austria. HOFFMANN-OSTENHOF, 0., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universi­ tät Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-I090 Vienna, Austria. HUBERT, P., Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoleculaire, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 5^00 Nancy, France. JARISCHKO, E., 2. Universitäts-Hautklinik (Immunologie), Alser- straße k, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. JOHNSON, R., G.D. Searle & Co. Ltd., Research Division, P.O. Box 53, Lane End Road, High Wycombe, Bucks. HP12 4HL, United Kingdom. JONSSON, A., Dept. of Tumor Immunology, Wallenberglaboratory, Uni­ versity of Lund, Fack., S-220 07 Lund, Sweden. KAMBERGER, W., Inst. f. Mikrobiologie u. Biochemie, Lehrstuhl f. Mikrobiologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrichstr. 331 D-852O Erlangen, German Federal Republic. KATINGER, H., Institut f. Angew. Mikrobiologie, Universität f. Bodenkultur, Peter Jordanstraße 82, A-II90 Vienna, Austria. KIERULF, P., Central Laboratory, Ulleval Hospital, N-Oslo 1, Norway· KOLLER, E., Physiologisches Institut, Schwarzspanierstraße 17» A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. KOLLER, F., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. KOKOSCHKA, E.M., 2. Universitäts-Hautklinik (Immunologie), Alser- straße k, Α-ΙΟ9Ο Vienna, Austria. KRAFT, D., Institut f. Allgem. u. Exp. Pathologie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 13» A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. KRISTIANSEN, T., Biochemical Institute, Biochemical Center, P.O. Box 576, S-75I Uppsala 23, Sweden. KRUSE, V., Institut f. Physiologie, Technische Universität München, D-805O Freising, German Federal Republic. LANG, R.E., Universität Ulm, Abteilung f. Innere Medizin, Steinhöv- elstr. 9, D-79OO Ulm/Donau, German Federal Republic. xiv List of Participants LANNER, M·, Dept. of Parasitology, National Bacteriological Labor., S-IO5 21 Stockholm, Sweden. LAKATOS, S., Institute of Biocnemistry, P.O. Box 7, H-I502 Budapest, Hungary. LAWNY, F., Institut de Technologie des Surfaces Actives, U.T.C., B.P. 233i F-60206 LEMIUS, J., Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden. LENAUER, K., Inst. f. Biochem. Technol. und Mikrobiol., Technische Universität, Getreidemarkt 9i A-IO6O Vienna, Austria. LIN, J.T., Hedderichstr. ^3a, D-6 Frankfurt/Main 70, German Federal Republic· LINNAU, Y., Immuno AG, Industriestraße 72, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. LÖFFELHARDT, W., Institut f. Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38 » A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. LOWE, Ch., University of Southampton, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Medical and Biological Science Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S09 3TU, United Kingdom. LUKACS, N. , Inst. f. Chem. Pflanzenphysiologie, Correntstraße 4l, D-74 Tübingen, German Federal Republic. LUKAS, E.V., Elisabethstraße 60, A-2500 Baden, Austria. MAGEE, Α.Ι., Department of Surgery, St. George's Hospital, Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom. MARQUET-ESPINOSA, A., Service de Microbiologique, Institut de Botanique, Univ. de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. MATTAUSCH, M., Abt. f. Experimentelle Chirurgie, I. Chirurgische Univ. Klinik, Alserstraße 4, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. MATTHES, S., Schering, Dept. Allgem. Biochemie, Müllerstraße I7O- 178, D-1000 Berlin 65, German Federal Republic. MAUCH, H., Med. Univ. Klinik u. Poliklinik, Lehrstuhl Innere Medizin I, Immunologisches Labor, Univ. d. Saarlandes, D-665 Homburg/Saar, German Federal Republic. MEILLER, M., Centre de Recherches de la Croiy-de-Berny, l82-l8^ Ave. Aristide-Briand, F-92160 Antony, France. MESTER, J., Université de Paris Sud, Dépt. de Chimie Biologique, Fac. de Méd. de Bicêtre, 78, Av. Du Gén. Ledere, F-9^ Bicêtre, France. MEYRATH, J., Institut f. Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität f. Bodenkultur, Peter Jordan-Str. 82, A-II90 Wien, Austria. MOHR, P., Zentralinstitut f. Molekularbiologie d. Akademie d. Wissenschaften der DDR, DDR-115 Berlin-Buch, German Democratic Republic· MOLINARI, E., Industriestraße 72, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. MOSBACH, K., The Lund Inst. of Technology, University of Lund, Biochemistry II, P.O. Box 7^0, S-220 07 Lund 7, Sweden. MOUCHES, C, Univ. Bordeaux II, Lab. du Biologie Cell, et Molec. de Bordeaux, Pont-de-la-Maye, France. NAKAMURA, S., Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, 753 Yamaguchi, Japan. NELBÖCK, M., Boehringer Mannheim, Werk Tutzing, Bahnhofstraße 9-15, D-8132 Tutzing, German Federal Republic. 0'CARRA, P., Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Ireland· OGLE, C., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 23I Bethesda, Cincinnati, Ohio ^5267, USA. OGLE, J., Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Eden and Bethesda Ave., Cincinnnati, Ohio ^5267, USA. 0GUNYEMI, 0., Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. List of Participants xv PAHLMANN, S., Institute of Biochemistry, University of Uppsala, Box 576, S-75I 23 Uppsala, Sweden. PAHUD, J.-J., Nestec. Lab., 5 R08, CH-l8l^ La Tour de Peilz, Switzerland. PAOLUCCI, F., Centre de Recherches Clin-Midy, F-3^082 Montpellier- cedex, France. PARIKH, I., Molecular Biology Dept., The Wellcome Res. Laboratories, Burroughs Wellcome Co., 3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, U.S.A. PELLE, T., Institute of Microbiology, University Medical School, H-672O Szeged, Dóm ter, Hungary. PETERLIK, M., Institut f. Allgem. und Experiment. Pathologie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 13 , A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. PIQUET, Y., Centré de Transfusion Sanguine et d'Hématologie, Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, F-3303 Bordeaux, France. PITTNER, F., Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. POHL, A., 1. Medizinische Univ.-Klinik, Lazarettgasse ΐΛ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. PORTMANN, T., Schweiz. Serum u. Impfinstitut, Postfach 2707, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland. POTUZAK, H., University of Liverpool, Department of Biochemistry, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom. PLUZEK, K.-J., Dakopatts A/S, Guldborgvej 22, DK-2000 Kobenhavn F, Denmark. RAPER, J., Wellcome Res. Lab., Langley Court, Beckenham, United Kingdom. RAVAZZ0L0, R., I.S.M.I.-Ematologia, Via Benedetto XV,6, I-I6132 Genova, Italy. RODER, A.H., Bahnhofstraße kl, D-8l2^ Seeshaupt, German Federal Republic. ROSSI, M., Instituto Internazionale di Genetica e Biofisica, Via G. Marconi 10, 1-80125 Napoli, Italy. RUIS, H., Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. SCHEINER, 0., Institut f. Allgemeine u. Experimentelle Pathologie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 13, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. SCHERBERICH, J.E., Universitäts-Klinik Z.I.M., Immunol. Biochem. Laboratorium, Dept. Néphrologie, Th. Stern Kai 7, D-6000 Frank­ furt/Main, German Federal Republic. SCHWAGER, J., Hygiene-Institut der Universität Graz, Universitäts­ platz 4, A-8OIO Graz, Austria. SCH0NNE, E., Université Catholique de Louvain-La-Neuve, Place Croix du Sud 5, B-13^8 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium. STEMBERGER, H., Institut f. Spez. Prophylaxe u. Tropenmedizin, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. SEELICH, Th., c/o Immuno-AG, Industriestraße 72, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. SEBILLE, B., Univ. Paris-Val de Marne, Av. du Général de Gaulle, F-94 Créteil, France. SHALTIEL, S., The Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Chem. Immunology, Rehovot, Israel. SL0R, H., Tel Aviv-University, Sackler School of Medicine, Dept. Human Genetics, Tel Aviv, Israel. SLUYTERMAN, L.A.Ä., Philips Research Labor, Eindhoven, The Nether­ lands . SPIRO-KERN, A., Zoolog· Institut der Universität Zürich, Künstlerg. l6, CH-8OO6 Zürich, Switzerland. XVI List of Participants SUSANI, M., Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstraße 38? A-IO9O Vienna, Austria. SVENSON, A., Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Institute, P.O. Box 2IO6O, S-IOO3I Stockholm, Sweden. SWART, W., Inst. for Experimental Gerontology, T.N.O., 15I Lange Kleinweg, Rijkswijk z.h., The Netherlands. TAKEO, K., Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ube 755, Japan. TAYLOR, J., The Milton S.Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania I7O33, U.S.A. TAYOT, J.L., Institut Merieux, Marcy L'Etoile, F-6926O Charbonnières, France. THWAITS, B., Western Province Blood Transfusion Service, P.O. Box 3788, Cape Town 8OO, South Africa. TOTH, G., Institute of Isotopes, H-1525 Budapest, P.O.B. 77, Hungary. VIJAYALAKSHMI, M.-W., Institut de Technologie, Surfaces Actives, B.P. 233, F-60206 Compiégne, France. VISSER, J., Department of Genetics, Agric. University, Gen. Foulkes- weg 53, Wageningen, The Netherlands. VRETBLAD, P., Pharmacia Fine Chemicals AB, Box 175, S-751 Ok Uppsala, Sweden. WAGENMAKER, G., REP-Radiobiological Inst, für Experimental Geronto­ logy, 151 Lange Kleinweg/Rijkswijk, The Netherlands. WAGNER, K., Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität f. Bodenkultur, Peter Jordan Straße 82, A-II90 Vienna, Austria. WAIBEL, R., Institut f. Lebensmittelwiss., ETH Zürich, Universitäs- straße 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland. WATSON, D.A., Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 17^, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BS, United Kingdom. WEBSTER, M.F., G.P.Searle Co. Ltd., Research Division, Lane End Road, High Wycombe, Bucks, HP12 ^HL, United Kingdom. WEINS, D., Hans Geiger Weg 26, D-7^ Tübingen, German Federal Republic. WENINGER, P., Institut f. Biologie, Forschungszentrum Seibersdorf, k-2kkk Seibersdorf, Austria. WESTON, P.D., Wellcome Reagents Ltd., Beckenham BR3 3BS, United Kingdom. WICK, G.K., Institut f. Allgemeine u. Experimentelle Pathologie, Universität Innsbruck, Fritz Pregelstraße 3» A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. WIEDERMANN, G., Institut f. spez. Prophylaxe u. Tropenmedizin der Universität Wien, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-IO9O Wien, Austria. WOLF, H., Institut f. Allgemeineine u. Experimentelle Pathologie, Fritz Pregelstraße 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. YANG, C.-y., Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-3^ Göttingen, German Federal Republic. YEATES, R. , Schweizerisches Tropeninstitut, Socinstraße 57, CH-Zt051 Basel, Switzerland. ZEEGERS, J., Inst, voor Virologie, Yelelaan 1, Utrecht, The Nether­ lands . ZIEGLER, D., Institut f. Biochemie II, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69OO Heidelberg 1, German Federal Republic. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Otto Hoffmann-Ostenhof Chairman of the Organizing Committee Ladies and Gentlemen, dear colleagues, It is for me a most agreeable duty to welcome you in Vienna on behalf of the Organizing Committee of this Symposium and also on behalf of the Osterreichische Biochemische Gesellschaft, under whose aegis this meeting is organized. Although affinity chromatography has been dealt with at various local meetings and was also, together with other Chromatographie methods, a topic discussed at several international conferences, this symposium is, as far as we know, the first international symposium exclusively devoted to affinity chromatography. The idea of using biospecific ligands coupled to an insoluble support for the purification of proteins is much older than most of us are aware of. It was already in I9IO that the pharmacologist Starkenstein of Prague tried to purify amylase by adsorbing it on insoluble starch (l). As at that time no methods for the deter­ mination of protein purity were available, we do not know the degree of purification that was obtained in these experiments. It must be mentioned that Starkenstein, who was also a very active researcher in other fields of biochemistry, as well as in pharma­ cology and physiology, perished in a German concentration camp during world war II. It took around forty years until Campbell, Luescher and Lerman in I95I started similar experiments by using cellulose as solid support for ligand attachment (2). They bound an antigen to it and used the product in a column for Chromatographie isolation of anti­ bodies from the serum. This method was to become a standard immunological procedure. Two years later Lerman purified to so-called tyrosinase (monophenol oxygenase) by adsorption on p-azophenol cellulose (3)· In the early sixties it was McCormick who tried affinity chromatography for the purification of flavokinase (4) and also for that of avidin (5)· However, most of these attempts to develop a purification method for proteins other than antibodies on the basis of biospecific adsorption did not meet with more than limited success. 1 2 0. Hoffmanri-Ostenhof The real breakthrough which initiated the rapid development of affinity chromatography occurred in the later sixties. The intro­ duction of agarose as an insoluble support by Hjertén (6), and the use of cyanogen bromide for the activation of agarose, dextran and cellulose, suggested by Porath, Axén and Ernbäck (7), and the studies of Cuatrecasas (8) and others on the necessity to separate the ligand from the matrix backbone by a "spacer" in order to minimize steric interference, were milestones in the history of our method· It is of no use to describe the further development of affinity chromatography before this auditorium· We are in the agreeable situation to have representatives from most of the leading schools of our field with us, and affinity chromatography is still a method young enough that we can expect that their reports will give us a complete picture of the development and the actual state of our method. It should, however, be mentioned that the technique of affinity chromatography has now found application in almost all major fields of biochemistry and related branches of science. Besides reports on the purification of antibodies and enzymes, we shall also hear of its application for the purification of hormone receptors, of specific messenger ribonucleic acids and of cell populations. It remains for me to thank all the authorities and industrial companies who helped to make this symposium possible. Our special thanks are due to the Austrian Federal Ministery of Science and Research, to the City Administration of Vienna, and last not least to the University of Agriculture of Vienna who kindly put this beautiful lecture hall at our disposition. I also thank all colleagues from abroad for having come to Vienna and wish them an enjoyable time in our city. May this symposium be fruitful to all participants. LITERATURE (1) E. Starkenstein, Biochem. Z. 2Ä, 210 (I9IO) (2) D.H. Campbell, E. Luescher, L.S. Lerman, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 21, 575 (1951) (3) L.S. Lerman, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USAJ£, 232 (1953) (k) D.B. McCormick, J. Biol. Chem. 239, 3093 (1964) (5) D.B. McCormick, Anal. Biochem. JJ3, 19^ (I965) (6) S. Hjertén, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. _9_9, kk6 (I962) (7) J. Porath, R. Axén, S. Ernbäck, Nature 2l4, I302 (I967), Nature 215, 1^91 (I967). (8) P. Cuatrecasas, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. J^3, 235 (I968)