A DVANCES IN N P UCLEAR HYSICS VOLUME 26 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME Paul Fallon A. Z. Mekjian Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Physics Department Berkeley, California Rutgers University Piscataway, New Jersey B. W. Filippone M. B. Tsang W. K. Kellogg Laboratory California Institute ofTechnology National Superconducting Cyclotron Pasadena, California Laboratory Michigan State University M. Garçon East Lansing, Michigan DAPNIA/SPhN, CEA-Saclay David Ward Gif-sur-Yvette, France Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory S. Das Gupta Berkeley, California Physics Department J. W. Van Orden McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia Xiangdong Ji & Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Department of Physics Facility University of Maryland Newport News, Virginia College Park, Maryland A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. A DVANCES IN N P UCLEAR HYSICS Edited by J. W. Negele Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts E. W. Vogt Department of Physics University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C., Canada VOLUME 26 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK,BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBookISBN: 0-306-47915-X Print ISBN: 0-306-46685-6 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers NewYork, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York All rights reserved No part of this eBook maybe reproducedor transmitted inanyform or byanymeans,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN EARLIER VOLUMES Volume 1 The Reorientation Effect • J. de Boer and J. Eicher The Nuclear Model • M. Harvey The Hartree-Fock Theory of Deformed Light Nuclei • G. Ripka The Statistical Theory of Nuclear Reactions • E. Vogt Three-Particle Scattering—A Review of Recent Work on the Nonrelativistic Theory • I. Duck Volume 2 The Giant Dipole Resonance • B. M. Spicer Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions • C. Glashausser and J. Thirion The Pairing-Plus-Quadrupole Model • D. R. Bes and R. A. Sorensen The Nuclear Potential • P. Signell Muonic Atoms • S. Devons and I. Duerdoth Volume 3 The Nuclear Three-Body Problem • A. N. Mitra The Interactions of Pions with Nuclei • D. S. Koltun Complex Spectroscopy • J. B. French, E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, and S. S. M. Wong Single Nucleon Transfer in Deformed Nuclei • B. Elbeck and P. O. Tjøm Isoscalar Transition Rates in Nuclei from the Reaction • A. M. Bernstein Volume 4 The Investigation of Hole States in Nuclei by Means of Knockout and Other Reactions • Daphne F. Jackson High-Energy Scattering from Nuclei • Wieslaw Czyz Nucleosynthesis by Charged-Particle Reactions • C. A. Barnes Nucleosynthesis and Neutron-Capture Cross Sections • B. J. Allen, J. H. Gibbons, and R. L. Macklin Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z = 50 Region • Elizabeth Urey Baranger An s-d Shell-Model Study for A = 18 – 22 • E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, B. H. Wildenthal, and S. P. Pandy Volume 5 Variational Techniques in the Nuclear Three-Body Problem • L. M. Delves Nuclear Matter Calculations • Donald W. L. Sprung Clustering in Light Nuclei • Akito Arima, Hisashi Horiuchi, Kunihara Kubodera, and Noburu Takigawa v vi Articles Published in Earlier Volumes Volume 6 Nuclear Fission • A. Michaudon The Microscopic Theory of Nuclear Effective Interactions and Operators • Bruce R. Barrett and Michael W. Kirson Two-Neutron Transfer Reactions and the Pairing Model • Ricardo Broglia, Ole Hansen, and Claus Riedel Volume 7 Nucleon-Nucleus Collisions and Intermediate Structure • Aram Mekjian Coulomb Mixing Effects in Nuclei: A Survey Based on Sum Rules • A. M. Lane and A. Z. Mekjian The Beta Strength Function • P. G. Hansen Gamma-Ray Strength Functions • G. A. Bartholemew, E. D. Earle, A. J. Ferguson, J. W. Knowles, and M. A. Lone Volume 8 Strong Interaction in A-Hypernuclei • A. Gal Off-Shell Behavior of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction • M. K. Strivastava and D. W. L. Sprung Theoretical and Experimental Determination of Nuclear Charge Distributions • J. L. Friar and J. W. Negele Volume 9 One- and Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions • Sidney Kahana and A. J. Baltz Computational Methods for Shell-Model Calculations • R. R. Whitehead, A. Watt, B. J. Cole, and I. Morrison Radiative Pion Capture in Nuclei • Helmut W. Baer, Kenneth M. Crowe, and Peter Truöl Volume 10 Phenomena in Fast Rotating Heavy Nuclei • R. M. Lieder and H. Ryde Valence and DoorwayMechanisms in Resonance Neutron Capture • B. J. Allen and A. R. de L. Musgrove Lifetime Measurements of Excited Nuclear Levels by Doppler-Shift Methods • T. K. Alexander and J. S. Forster Volume 11 Clustering Phenomena and High-Energy Reactions • V. G Neudatchin, Yu. F. Smirnov, and N. F. Golovanova Pion Production in Proton-Nucleus Collisions • B. Holstad Fourteen Years of Self-ConsistentField Calculations: What Has Been Learned • J. P. Svenne Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Theory with Applications to Nuclei • Alan L. Goodman Hamiltonian Field Theory for Systems of Nucleons and Mesons • Mark Bolsterli Articles Published in Earlier Volumes vii Volume 12 Hypernetted-Chain Theory of Matter at Zero Temperature • J. G. Zabolitzky Nuclear Transition Density Determinations from Inelastic Electron Scattering • Jochen Heisenberg High-Energy Proton Scattering • Stephen J. Wallace Volume 13 Chiral Symmetry and the Bag Model: A New Starting Point for Nuclear Physics • A. W. Thomas The Interacting Boson Model • A. Arima and F. Iachella High-Energy Nuclear Collisions • S. Nagamiya and M. Gyullasy Volume 14 Single-Particle Properties of Nuclei Through (e,e'p) Reactions • Salvatore Frullani and Jean Mougey Volume 15 Analytic Insights into Intermediate-Energy Hadron-Nucleus Scattering • R. D. Amado Recent Developments in Quasi-Free Nucleon Scattering • P. Kitching, W. J. McDonald, Th. A. J. Maris, and C. A. Z. Vasconcellos Energetic Particle Emission in Nuclear Reactions • David H. Boal Volume 16 The Relativistic Nuclear Many-Body Problem • Brian Serot and John Dirk Walecka Volume 17 P-Matrix Methods in Hadronic Scattering • B. L. G. Bakker and P. J. Mulders Dibaryon Resonances • M. P. Locher, M. E. Saino, and A. Švarc Skrymions in Nuclear Physics • Ulf-G. Meissner and Ismail Zahed Microscopic Descriptions of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions • Karlheinz Langanke and Harald Friedrich Volume 18 Nuclear Magnetic Properties and Gamow-Teller Transitions • A. Arima, K. Shimizu, W. Bentz, and H. Hyuga Advances in Intermediate-Energy Physics with Polarized Deuterons • J. Arvieux and J. M. Cameron Interaction and the Quest for Baryonium • C. Amsler Radiative Muon Capture and the Weak Pseudoscalar Coupling in Nuclei • M. Gmitro and P. Truöl Introduction to the Weak and Hypoweak Interactions • T. Goldman viii Articles Published in Earlier Volumes Volume 19 Experimental Methods for Studying Nuclear Density Distributions • C. J. Batty, E. Friedman, H. J. Gils, and H. Rebel The Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Structure • R. Machleidt Volume 20 Single-Particle Motion in Nuclei • C. Mahaux and R. Sartor Relativistic Hamiltonian Dynamics in Nuclear and Particle Physics • B. D. Keister and W. N. Polyzou Volume 21 Multiquark Systems in Hadronic Physics • B. L. G. Bakker and I. M. Narodetskii The Third Generation of Nuclear Physics with the Microscopic Cluster Model • Karlheinz Langanke The Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model • Cheng-Li Wu, Da Hsuan Feng, and Mike Guidry Volume 22 Nucleon Models • Dan Olof Riska Aspects of Electromagnetic Nuclear Physics and Electroweak Interaction • T. W. Donnelly Color Transparency and Cross-Section Fluctuations in Hadronic Collisions • Gordon Baym Many-Body Methods at Finite Temperature • D. Vautherin Nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang and in the Stars • K. Langanke and C. A. Barnes Volume 23 Light Front Quantization • Matthias Burkardt Nucleon Knockout by Intermediate Energy Electrons • James J. Kelly Volume 24 Nuclear Charge-Exchange Reactions at Intermediate Energy • W. P. Alford and B. M. Spicer Mesonic Contributions to the Spin and Flavor Structure of the Nucleon • J. Speth and A. W. Thomas Muon Catalyzed Fusion: Interplay between Nuclear and Atomic Physics • K. Nagamine and M. Kamimura Volume 25 Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Dileptons in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions • R. Rapp and J. Wambach Fundamental Symmetry Violation in Nuclei • H. Feshbach, M. S. Hussein, A. K. Kerman, and O. K. Vorov Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering: A Microscopic Nonrelativistic Approach • K. Amos, P. J. Dortmans, H. V. von Geramb, S. Karataglidis, and J. Raynal ARTICLES PLANNED FOR FUTURE VOLUMES Fifty Years of the Nuclear Shell Model • Igal Talmi Chiral Perturbation Theory for Mesons and Nucleons • Stefan Scherer PREFACE The four articles of the present volume address very different topics in nuclear physics and, indeed, encompass experiments at very different kinds of exper- imental facilities. The range of interest of the articles extends from the nature of the substructure of the nucleon and the deuteron to the general properties of the nucleus, including its phasetransitions and its rich and unexpected quantal properties. The first article by Fillipone and Ji reviews the present experimental and theoreticalsituation pertaining to our knowledge of the origin of the spin of the nucleon. Until about 20 years ago the half-integral spin of the neutron and pro- ton was regarded as their intrinsic property as Dirac particles which were the basic building blocks of atomic nuclei. Then, with the advent of the Standard Model and of quarks as the basic building blocks, the substructure of the nu- cleon became the subject of intense interest. Initial nonrelativistic quark mod- els assigned the origin of nucleon spin to the fundamental half-integral spin of its three constituent quarks, leaving no room for contributions to the spin from the gluons associated with the interacting quarks or from the orbital angular momentum of either gluons or quarks. That naive understanding was shaken, about fifteen years ago, by experiments involving deep-inelastic scattering of electrons or muons from nucleons. Theseexperiments suggested that less than half of the nucleon’s spin came from the intrinsic spin of the constituent up and down quarks. As a result, the search for the true origin of nucleon spin became one of the most important problems of subatomic physics. New generations of experiments were planned at many of the world’s largest facilities for nuclear and particle physics, involving the deep-inelastic scattering of polarized lep- tons from nucleons. Given the progress in recent years, it is now an especially appropriate time to assess the results of these new experiments and of the as- sociated theoretical ideas. The article by Fillipone and Ji provides an excellent review of the subject given by one of the leading experimentalists and one of the leading theorists of the field. Understanding the phases of hadronic matter and the transitions between them is one of the key problems of contemporary nuclear science. Given the xi