Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering Editor Alexander N. Evgrafov Advances in Mechanical Engineering Selected Contributions from the Conference “Modern Engineering: Science and Education”, Saint Petersburg, Russia, June 2017 Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (LNME) publishes the latest develop- ments in Mechanical Engineering—quickly, informally and with high quality. Originalresearchreportedin proceedings andpost-proceedings represents thecore of LNME. Also considered for publication are monographs, contributed volumes and lecture notes of exceptionally high quality and interest. Volumes published in LNME embrace all aspects, subfields and new challenges of mechanical engineering. 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Evgrafov Editor Advances in Mechanical Engineering Selected Contributions from the Conference “ Modern Engineering: Science ” and Education , Saint Petersburg, Russia, June 2017 123 Editor Alexander N.Evgrafov Peterthe Great St.PetersburgPolytechnic University Saint Petersburg Russia ISSN 2195-4356 ISSN 2195-4364 (electronic) Lecture Notesin MechanicalEngineering ISBN978-3-319-72928-2 ISBN978-3-319-72929-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72929-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017931350 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The “Modern Mechanical Engineering: Science and Education” (MMESE) con- ferencewasinitiallyorganizedbytheMechanicalEngineeringDepartmentofPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University in June 2011 in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was envisioned as a forum to bring together scientists, university pro- fessors, graduate students, and mechanical engineers, presenting new science, technology, and engineering ideas and achievements. The idea of holding such a forum proved to be highly relevant. Moreover, both the location and timing of the conference were quite appealing. Late June is a wonderfulandromantic season inSt.Petersburg—oneofthemost beautiful cities, located on the Neva river banks and surrounded by charming greenbelts. The conference attracted many participants, working in various fields of engineering: design, mechanics, materials, etc. The success of the conference inspired the organizers to turn the conference into an annual event. More than 80 papers were presented at the sixth conference MMESE-2017. Theycoveredtopicsrangingfromthemechanicsofmachines,materialengineering, structural strength, and tribological behavior to transport technologies, machinery quality, and innovations, in addition to dynamics of machines, walking mecha- nisms,andcomputationalmethods.Allpresenterscontributedgreatlytothesuccess oftheconference.However,forthepurposesofthisbook,only20papers,authored byresearchgroupsrepresentingvariousuniversitiesandinstitutes,wereselectedfor inclusion.Iamparticularlygratefultotheauthorsfortheircontributionsandallthe participating experts for their valuable advice. Furthermore, I thank the staff and management oftheuniversityfor theircooperation andsupport,andespecially, all membersoftheprogramcommitteeandtheorganizingcommitteefortheirworkin preparing and organizing the conference. Lastbutnotleast,IthankSpringerforitsprofessionalassistanceandparticularly Mr. Pierpaolo Riva who supported this publication. Saint Petersburg, Russia Alexander N. Evgrafov v Contents Hot Orbital Forging by Tool with Variable Angle of Inclination . . . . . . 1 Leonid B. Aksenov and Sergey N. Kunkin Modeling and Simulation of Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscope Through a Bond-Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Mohammad Reza Bahrami and A. W. Buddimal Abeygunawardana The Likelihood Description of Lubrication Layer Formation Structured at the Molecular Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Elena V. Berezina, Alexej V. Volkov, Vladimir A. Godlevskiy, Alexander S. Parfenov and Anton G. Zheleznov Design of Library of Metaheuristic Algorithms for Solving the Problems of Discrete Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Vladislav A. Chekanin and Alexander V. Chekanin Dynamics of the Manipulator Parallel-Serial Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Victor V. Dyashkin-Titov, Victor V. Zhoga, Ivan A. Nesmiyanov and Natalia S. Vorob’eva Simulation of the Dynamics of a Rotor on Foil Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Vladimir V. Eliseev and Ekaterina A. Andriushchenko Vibrations of Turbine Blades as Elastic Shells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Vladimir V. Eliseev and Artem A. Moskalets Contact Forces Between Wheels and Railway Determining in Dynamic Analysis. Numerical Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Kirill V. Eliseev Some Characteristics of Linear Acceleration Reproduction with Flexible Harmonical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Alexander N. Evgrafov, Vladimir I. Karazin, Denis P. Kozlikin and Igor O. Khlebosolov vii viii Contents Self-braking of Planar Linkage Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Alexander N. Evgrafov and Gennady N. Petrov Waves with the Negative Group Velocity in the Cylindrical Shell, Filled with Compressible Liquid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 George V. Filippenko On Equally Stressed Hinged Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Mikhail D. Kovalev Determination of a Pre-destructive State During Hydraulic Testing of Steel Pipes with Defects by the Acoustic-Emission Method . . . . . . . . 115 Evgeny J. Nefedyev, Victor P. Gomera and Anatoly D. Smirnov Features of Calculating the Working Mechanism of an Excavator . . . . 129 Yuri A. Semenov and Nadezhda S. Semenova Localization of Plastic Deformation HCP—Crystals During Indentation and Scratching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Margarita A. Skotnikova, Galina V. Ivanova, Alexander A. Popov and Olga V. Paitova Shock Response Spectra as a Result of Linear Interactions . . . . . . . . . . 151 Valerii Tereshin Some Peculiarities of Electric Drive Impact on the Dynamics of Cyclic Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Iosif I. Vulfson Synthesis of Spherical Four-Links Rotational Pairs in the Solidworks Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Munir G. Yarullin and Marat R. Faizov Structural Study of a Two-Mobility Five-Link Space Mechanism with a Double Crank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Munir G. Yarullin and Ilnur R. Isyanov Modal Analysis of Turbine Blade as One- and Three-Dimensional Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Tatiana V. Zinovieva and Artem A. Moskalets Author Index.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 205 Hot Orbital Forging by Tool with Variable Angle of Inclination Leonid B. Aksenov and Sergey N. Kunkin Abstract The paper presents a new orbital forging technology for manufacturing ofaxisymmetriccomponentswithmassiveflangeparts.Thetallformedpartinthis processleadstothebucklingandformationoffoldsofthedeformableworkpieces. Two stages of orbital forging are proposed in which the tool inclination changes duringprocessing.Inthefirststage,thetechnologyofupsettingisrealizedwithout the use of the movement of precession and tool inclination. In the second stage, a cone-shaped tool corresponding to the configuration of a part is set at an angle c = 2° and enables the movement of precession for the upper die. Computer sim- ulationoftwostagesofhotrotaryforgingforapartofaluminumbronzeshowsthe possibilityofformingwithoutshapedefectsandmetalfractures.Thetechnologyis particularly effective in small scale production of axisymmetric parts with flanges from rod workpieces. (cid:1) (cid:1) Keywords Orbital forging Buckling of the workpiece Axisymmetric parts (cid:1) (cid:1) Massive flanges Aluminum bronze Computer simulation Introduction Large quantities of parts such as flanges are used in a variety of industries. The nomenclature of these parts is very diverse and conforms to various standards, which can be determined according to individual country or Commonwealth, for example, by countries in the Common Market. Manufacture of flange parts is carriedoutaccordingtodifferenttechnologies,butmostofthemdonothaveahigh utilization rate of metal. L.B.Aksenov(&)(cid:1)S.N.Kunkin PetertheGreatSt.PetersburgPolytechnicUniversity,St.Petersburg,Russia e-mail:[email protected] S.N.Kunkin e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 1 A.N.Evgrafov(ed.),AdvancesinMechanicalEngineering,LectureNotes inMechanicalEngineering,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72929-9_1 2 L.B.AksenovandS.N.Kunkin Fig.1 Axisymmetricpartswiththickflanges In many industries, there is a large range of axisymmetric parts with massive flanges of similar configuration (Fig. 1). Alloys of non-ferrous metals, particularly bronze without tin, are often used for details of this type. These materials have a low plasticity under cold conditions and only allow for slight deformation without fracture, insufficient for shaping parts in required forms. Cast billets for the data parts can’t be used because of special requirements in regard to mechanical prop- erties and porosity. Traditional hot die forging is not economically advantageous, because of the small series involved (200–500 pieces per year), as well as the large machining allowances that increase the complexity of their subsequent machining. For the manufacture of such parts, the most promising process seems to be orbital forging, which in its 100-year history of development has shown its effec- tivenessinsmallseriesproductionofaxisymmetricparts[1–5].Themainfeatureof orbital forging of massive flanges is the need to deform a considerable volume of metal to form the flange of the part. For such processes, a cylindrical workpiece withaheight-to-diameterratioofmorethantwoisrequired.Thisleadstonegative consequences,suchaslossofstabilityoftheworkpieceanditssubsequentcrushing by the forging roll. Control capabilities for the metal flow during orbital forging are very limited. The use of restraining rollers, flanges and so on complicate tooling to a very significant degree. It is more effective to control the direction of metal flow by changing the direction of the friction forces which act on the contact surface between the forging die and a deformable metal [6, 7]. So, to receive the outer flangesfromthepipeblanksrequiresthatthemetalflowbeinthedirectionfromthe billetcentertoitsperiphery.Todothis,thecylindricalrollersshouldbeplacedwith some offset relative to the transverse axis of the workpiece, and tapered relative to the longitude [8]. Inorbitalforging,itispossibletosignificantlyaffectthechangeinthedirection of movement of the metal by changing the angle of inclination of the forging roll. This processing method was used for the orbital forging of parts made of powder materials[9].Inthefirststageoftheprocess,thesealofpowderblankswasdoneby theupperdiewithoutaslope,andthenthecompactbilletwasfinallyformedbythe inclined die.Similar technologywastestedinorbital forgingoftube-blanksbythe technology of outward-flanging, in which, at the first stage, the forging die roller