EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD J. L. BEAUMONT J. N. HAWTHORNE L. A. CARLSON W. L. HOLMES A. M. GOTTO G. POPJAK CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME P. H. E. GROOT ANTHONY W. NORMAN W. C. HÜLSMANN ROBERT E. PITAS ROBERT G. JENSEN S. S. RAD WAN H. K. MANGOLD VICTOR W. RODWELL JONATHAN J. MITSCHELEN H. R. SCHÖLTE JEFFREY L. NORDSTROM ANNA M. SPIELVOGEL RICHARD G. WONG EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD J. L. BEAUMONT J. N. HAWTHORNE L. A. CARLSON W. L. HOLMES A. M. GOTTO G. POPJAK CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME P. H. E. GROOT ANTHONY W. NORMAN W. C. HÜLSMANN ROBERT E. PITAS ROBERT G. JENSEN S. S. RAD WAN H. K. MANGOLD VICTOR W. RODWELL JONATHAN J. MITSCHELEN H. R. SCHÖLTE JEFFREY L. NORDSTROM ANNA M. SPIELVOGEL RICHARD G. WONG Advances in Lipid Research Volume 14 Edited by Rodolfo Paoletti Institute of Pharmacology Milan, Italy David Kritchevsky The Wstar Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1976 ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT © 1976, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 63-22330 ISBN 0-12-024914-6 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. P. H. E. GROOT, Department of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (75) W. C. HÜLSMANN, Department of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medi- cine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (75) ROBERT G. JENSEN, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (213) H. K. MANGOLD, Bundesanstalt für Fettforschung, Institut für Bio- chemie und Technologie, H. P. Kaufmann-Institut, Münster, Westfalen, Germany (171) JONATHAN J. MITSCHELEN, Department of Biochemistry, Purdue Uni- versity, West Lafayette, Indiana (1) JEFFREY L. NORDSTROM, Department of Biochemistry, Purdue Uni- versity, West Lafayette, Indiana (1) ANTHONY W. NORMAN, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (127) ROBERT E. PITAS, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (213) S. S. RADWAN,* Bundesanstalt für Fettforschung, Institut für Bio- chemie und Technologie, H. P. Kaufmann-Institut, Münster, Westfalen, Germany (171) VICTOR W. RODWELL, Department of Biochemistry, Purdue Univer- sity, West Lafayette, Indiana (1) * Present address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univer- sity, Cairo, Egypt. ix X LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS H. R. SCHÖLTE, Department of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (75) ANNA M. SPIELVOGEL,* Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (127) RICHARD G. WONG, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cali- fornia, Riverside, California (127) * Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. PREFACE The key enzyme controlling the early steps in the biogenesis of cholesterol (and possibly other steroid and terpenoid compounds) is /3-hydroxy-/3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA re- ductase). The regulation of this enzyme is the subject of the first re- view in this volume of Advances in Lipid Research. This article orga- nizes the knowledge concerning the control of activity of HMG-CoA reductase and will be of great help to scientists working in many di- verse areas of lipid metabolism. The second paper in this volume also has broad utility, dealing with fatty acid activation—its speci- ficity, localization, and function—and should be applicable to many different areas of lipid work. The third contribution in this volume addresses the interaction between polyene antibiotics and sterols. This interaction has been used to explain some antibiotic activity, to understand membrane function, and even for in vivo hypolipidemic activity. All of this wide range of action of polyene antibiotics is brought into focus in this review. Animal tissue cultures have been the subject of numerous books and reviews, including some in this serial publication. Plant tissue cultures, on the other hand, have been relatively neglected. The fourth article in the present volume corrects this oversight, with an emphasis on the lipids in plant cultures. This review should be of general interest and should prove helpful to some scientists. The final contribution covers an area of the lipid field which is often overlooked in review publications, namely, synthesis of lipids. As we learn more about the functions of triglycérides and phospholipids it becomes important to be able to prepare specific compounds in order to test mechanisms or hypotheses. The last article reviews and organizes methods of synthesis of acylglycerols and phosphogly- cerides and may suggest new avenues of approach to complex bio- logical problems. It will be of general use to lipid chemists and bio- chemists. RODOLFO PAOLETTI DAVID KRITCHEVSKY XI CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES Volume 1 The Structural Investigation of Natural Fats M. H. Coleman Physical Structure and Behavior of Lipids and Lipid Enzymes A. D. Bangham Recent Developments in the Mechanism of Fat Absorption John M. Johnston The Clearing Factor Lipase and Its Action in the Transport of Fatty Acids between the Blood and Tissues D. S. Robinson Vitamin E and Lipid Metabolism Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater and Rosemary Shull Morris Atherosclerosis—Spontaneous and Induced Thomas B. Clarkson Chromatographie Investigations in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis M. Pascaud Carnitine and Its Role in Fatty Acid Metabolism Irving B. Fritz Present Status of Research on Catabolism and Excretion of Cho- lesterol Henry Danielsson The Plant Sulfolipid A. A. Benson AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX Volume 2 Triglycéride Structure R. J. VanderWal xiii XIV CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES Bacterial Lipids M. Kates Phosphatidylglycerols and Lipoamino Acids Marjorie G. Macfarlane The Brain Phosphoinositides /. N. Hawthorne and P. Kemp The Synthesis of Phosphoglycerides and Some Biochemical Applica- tions L. L. M. van Deenen and G. H. deHaas The Lipolytic and Esterolytic Activity of Blood and Tissues and Problems of Atherosclerosis T. Zemplényi Evaluation of Drugs Active against Experimental Atherosclerosis Robert Hess Comparative Evaluation of Lipid Biosynthesis in Vitro and in Vivo P. Favarger AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX Volume 3 The Metabolism of Polyenoic Fatty Acids E. Klenk The Analysis of Human Serum Lipoprotein Distributions Alicia M. Ewing, Norman K. Freeman, and Frank T. Lindgren Factors Affecting Lipoprotein Metabolism Angelo M. Scanu The Action of Drugs on Phospholipid Metabolism G. B. Ansell Brain Sterol Metabolism A. N. Davison Lipases E. D. Wills AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES XV Volume 4 The Role of Lipids in Blood Coagulation Aaron J. Marcus Lipid Responses to Dietary Carbohydrates I. Macdonald Effects of Catecholamines on Lipid Mobilization Max Wenke The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Microorganisms Robert Shaw Lipid Metabolism in the Bacteria W. J. Lennarz Quantitative Methods for the Study of Vitamin D Padmanabhan P. Nair Labeling and Radiopurity of Lipids Fred Snyder and Claude Piantadosi AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX Volume 5 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and the Role of the Acyl Carrier Protein Philip W. Majerus and P. Roy Vagelos Comparative Studies on the Physiology of Adipose Tissue Daniel Rudman and Mario Di Girolamo Ethionine Fatty Liver Emmanuel Färber Lipid Metabolism by Macrophages and Its Relationship to Athero- sclerosis Allan J. Day Dynamics of Cholesterol in Rats, Studied by the Isotopic Equilibrium Methods F. Chevallier The Metabolism of Myelin Lipids Marion Edmonds Smith