Advances in Composite Materials and Structures Advances in Composite Materials and Structures Special Issue Containing the Proceedings of 5th Asian-Australasian Conference on Composite Materials (ACCM-5) 27-30 November 2006 Hong Kong Organized by The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Co-organized by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The University of Hong Kong Edited by J.K. Kim, D.Z. Wo, L.M. Zhou, H.T. Huang, K.T. Lau and M. Wang TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD Switzerland • UK • USA Copyright © 2007 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Trans Tech Publications Ltd Laubisrutistr. 24 CH-8712 Stafa-Zuerich Switzerland http://www.ttp.net Volumes 334-335 of Key Engineering Materials ISSN 1013-9826 Covered by Science Citation Index Full text available online at http://www.scientific.net Distributed worldwide by and in the Americas by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. Trans Tech Publications Inc. Laubisrutistr. 24 PO Box 699, May Street CH-8712 Stafa-Zuerich Enfield, NH 03748 Switzerland USA Phone: +1 (603) 632-7377 Fax: +41 (44) 922 10 33 Fax: +1 (603) 632-5611 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ACCM-5 Organization Chairs of ACCM-5 J.K. Kim, Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology D.Z. Wo, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics L.M. Zhou, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Secretariats E. Ho, Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology R. Tse, Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology R.S.C. Woo, Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology Special Symposia within ACCM-5 Nanocomposites: organized by K.T. Lau Smart Composites: organized by H.T. Huang and L.M. Zhou Composites in Medicine: organized by M. Wang Mai Symposium: organized by J.K. Kim and L.M. Zhou Local Scientific Committee H.T. Huang, Hong Kong Polytechnic University K.T. Lau, Hong Kong Polytechnic University C.K.Y. Leung, Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology R.K.Y. Li, City University of Hong Kong Z.J. Li, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology D.H.L. Ng, Chinese University of Hong Kong S.Q. Shi, Hong Kong Polytechnic University A.K. Soh, University of Hong Kong K.Y. Sze, University of Hong Kong S.C. Tsong, City University of Hong Kong M. Wang, University of Hong Kong C.M.L. Wu, City University of Hong Kong T.M. Yue, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Asian-Australasian Association for Composite Materials (AACM) Council D. Bhattacharyya (President), University of Auckland J.K. Kim (Vice president), Hong Kong University of Science & Technology W. I. Lee (Executive Secretary), Seoul National University M. Zako (Immediate Past President), Osaka University L. Ye (Immediate Past Vice-President), University of Sydney G. Ben, Nihon University S. Chirachanchai, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand H.R. Daghyani, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran T. Fujii, Doshisha University K.S. Han, Pohang University of Science &Technology C.S. Hong, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (Emeritus) S.H. Hong, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology X.Z. Hu, University of Western Australia D.A.L. Juwono-Soenarso, University of Indonesia S.J. Kim, Seoul National University I. Kimpara, Kanazawa Institute of Technology (Emeritus) I. Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology K.H. Leong, Petronas Research & Scientific Services, Malaysia C.C.M. Ma, National Tsing Hua University Y.W. Mai, University of Sydney (Emeritus) Y. Miyano, Kanazawa Institute of Technology N.K. Naik, Indian Institute of Technology V.A. Phan, Institute of New Tech. Promotion of Vietnam S. Ramakrishina, National University of Singapore T. Uenoya, Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture D.Z. Wo, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics X.S. Yi, Beijing Institute of Aerospace Materials M.C. Yip, National Tsing Hua University M. Zhang, Zhongshan University International Advisory Committee W.J. Blau, Trinity College Dublin T.W. Chou, University of Delaware T.W. Clyne, University Cambridge S.Y. Du, Harbin Institute of Technology K. Friedrich, University of Kaiserslautern H.T. Hahn, University of California, Los Angeles H. Hamada, Kyoto Institute of Technology S.V. Hoa, Concordia University P. Hogg, Queen Mary University of London C.S. Hong, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology F.R. Jones, University of Sheffield V.M. Karbhari, University of California, San Diego I. Kimpara, Kanazawa Institute of Technology F. K. Ko, University of Drexel E. Maeder, Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Y.W. Mai, University of Sydney G. Marom, Hebrew University of Jerusalem A. Poursartip, University of British Columbia K. Schulte, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg P. Smith, University of Surrey C.T. Sun, Purdue University N. Takeda, University of Tokyo M. Wisnom, University of Bristol T.X. Yu, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Z. Zhang, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology, China Sponsors Asian-Australasian Association for Composite Materials (AACM) Croucher Foundation Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development (AOARD) Australian Composite Structures Society (ACSS) Chinese Society of Composite Materials (CSCM) China Fiber Reinforced Plastics Industrial Association Japan Society for Composite Materials (JSCM) Korean Society for Composite Materials (KSCM) Preface The Asian-Australasian Association for Composite Materials (AACM) was founded in 1997 to encourage the interchange of knowledge in all aspects of composite materials amongst the scientific and engineering communities, and has been instrumental in the advancement of composite science and technologies. The previous four Asian-Australasian Conferences on Composite Materials (ACCMs) were held in Osaka-Japan, Kyongju-Korea, Auckland-New Zealand and Sydney-Australia, respectively, every two years since 1998. After these successful events, the ACCM conference series has now reached truly international status, and ACCM-5 will be the largest and most prestigious event on composite materials in the Asia-Pacific region. ACCM-5 is aimed to provide an international forum for presentation and discussion of the latest scientific concepts and technological developments in the characterization, testing, mechanics, modelling, manufacturing and applications of various classes of composite materials and structures. It also intends to promote sharing ideas and emerging technologies, as well as to foster R & D collaborations amongst academia, research institutions and relevant industries. This special issue contains papers accepted for presentation at the ACCM-5. With the rapid advances in composite materials in recent years, the ACCM-5 has a wide scope in its topics, including bio-medical composites; bio-mimetic materials; composites for construction applications; computational mechanics of composites; durability, NDE techniques and health monitoring; fracture, fatigue, impact, damage mechanics; interphases; manufacturing and processes; multi-functional composites; nano-composites and nano-mechanics; molecular dynamic simulations; natural fibres, green composites; off-shore, marine composites; polymers, metals, ceramic matrix composites; reinforcements (textile, strands, mats); and technology transfer. To exchange the latest developments in most emerging composite technologies, three Special Symposia in the areas of Nanocomposites, Composites in Medicine and Smart Composites are organized within the ACCM-5. In addition, the Mai Special Symposium will also be held to honour Professor Yiu-Wing Mai, who served as the Inaugural President of the AACM between 1998 and 2000, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. We wish to thank all authors who contributed papers to the ACCM-5. Thanks are also due to the members of the Organising Committee, the Local Scientific Committee, the AACM Council and the International Advisory Committee for their efforts in making the ACCM-5 a great success. We also acknowledge with gratitude the following organizations for their contributions to the success of this conference: the Croucher Foundation; the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development (AOARD); and the major composite societies representing the participating countries/regions. Jang-Kyo KIM On Behalf of the ACCM-5 Organizing Committee Table of Contents Committees v Preface iv I. General Sessions Progressive Failure Analysis of Unidirectional-Fabric Laminated Composite Joints under Pin-Loading J.H. Kweon, H.J. Son, J.Y. Choi, S.Y. Shin, J.H. Choi and G.M. Lee 1 Fabrication and Properties of Absolutely Recycled Plastic Wood Composites Y.H. Cui, S. Lee, B. Noruziaan, M.M.S. Cheung and J. Tao 5 Natural Frequency Optimization of Laminated Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Tsai-Hill Failure Criteria Constraint Using Penalty Method R. Nabavi, M.H. Yas and M. Shakeri 9 Mechanics of Laminated Composite Containing Marcel Defects H.G. Rai, E.V. Honein and M.I. Najjar 13 Application of a Complete Tooling Force Analysis for Simulation of Liquid Composite Moulding Processes S. Bickerton and P.A. Kelly 17 Abrasive Wear and Aluminium Sticking Resistance of Steel Matrix Composites D.C. Lou, J.K. Solberg, O.M. Akselsen and N. Dahl 21 Multi-Scale Analysis for Thermo-Elasticity Properties of Composite Materials with Small Periodic Configuration S.F. Tang, F.H. Huang, J. Liang and S.Y. Du 25 Modeling of Manufacturing Processes of Carbon Matrices Composites and Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Materials during the Process J. Liang, W. Yang, B.L. Wang and S.Y. Du 29 Effective Stiffness of a Debonded Particle in Particulate Composites A. Wada, Y. Nagata and S.N. Motogi 33 Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Residual Stresses of Advanced Polymer Composites Z.S. Guo, B.M. Zhang and S.Y. Du 37 Environmental-Friendly Sandwich Panel Using Bamboo Skin Wastes as Core Material N. Kamarulzaman, S.A. Bahari, M.N. Zakaria and M.A. Jamaludin 41 Elastic-Viscoplastic Behaviour of Plain-Woven GFRP Laminates: Analysis Using Homogenization Theory T. Matsuda, Y. Nimiya, N. Ohno and M. Kawai 45 Process-Induced Stress Analysis of Composite Wound Vessel with Metal Liner during Curing Process Using Semi-Analytical Hamiltonian Method M.F. Ren and H.R. Chen 49 Prediction of Flexural Modulus of the Biodegradable Composites Made from Bamboo and Kenaf Fibers S. Shibata and I. Fukumoto 53 The Effect of Various Reinforcements on the Ablation, Thermal and Microstructural Properties of Phenolic Matrix Composites P. Pasbakhsh, J. Zamani and A. Shokuhfar 57 A Method for Identifying Asymmetric Dissimilar Constant Fatigue Life Diagrams for CFRP Laminates M. Kawai 61 Off-Axis Creep Recovery of Unidirectional Carbon/Epoxy Composites at High Temperature M. Kawai, H. Kamioka, J.Q. Zhang and T. Matsuda 65 Off-Axis Nonlinear Behavior of Hybrid GFRP/Al Laminates and Simulations by FEM H. Takashima, M. Kawai and T. Matsuda 69 High-Velocity Impact of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Laminates G.P. Zhao, Z.H. Wang, J.X. Zhang and C.D. Cho 73 b Advances in Composite Materials and Structures The Bending Strength of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) from Different Ratios of Kenaf and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Admixture for Light Weight Construction M.A. Jamaludin, N. Kamarulzaman and M. Ahmad 77 Compression Molding of All-Thermoplastic Composites by Using Fiber Wastes T. Kaneda and T. Kimura 81 Analysis for Vibration of Laminated Shallow Shells with Non-Uniform Curvature D. Narita and Y. Narita 85 Optimization for the Maximum Buckling Loads of Laminated Composite Plates – Comparison of Various Design Methods S. Honda, Y. Narita and K. Sasaki 89 Optimization of Sound Pressure from Vibrating Laminated Rectangular Plates T. Kawakami, Y. Narita and K. Sasaki 93 The Shear Deformable Effect on Optimum Lay-Ups of Laminated Plates K. Murayama, Y. Narita and K. Sasaki 97 Monitoring Method of Steel Reinforcement Corrosion Rate in Concrete H. Saito 101 Size Effects on Miscibility and Glass Transition Temperature of PS/TMPC Blend Films: a Simulation and Thermodynamic Approach Z.M. Ao and Q. Jiang 105 The Elastic-Viscoplastic Field at the Tip of Mode II Quasi-Static Propagating Crack in Rate-Sensitive Material W.Y. Liang, Z.Q. Wang, H.Q. Lu and Y.J. Wang 109 Modelling Liquid Composite Moulding Processes Employing Wood Fibre Mat Reinforcements R. Umer, S. Bickerton and A. Fernyhough 113 Bainite Transformation in Fe-0.34%C-Nb Steels S.X. Zhao, W. Wang and D.L. Mao 117 On Bainite Nucleation at Carbon Depleted Zone around Edge Dislocation S.X. Zhao, W. Wang and D.L. Mao 121 Microstructural Design of Ceramic–Metal Composites for Tribological Applications I. Hussainova 125 Taiwan’s Composites and FRP Industries: Current Status and Future Developments C.C.M. Ma 129 Study on the Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Mimicking Phantom Composites Using Ultrasound Indentation H.Y. Ling, P.C. Choi, Y.P. Zheng and A.K.T. Lau 133 Numerical and Experimental Studies on Cured Shape of Thin Unsymmetric Carbon/Epoxy Laminates F.H. Dai, B.M. Zhang, X.D. He and S.Y. Du 137 The Dynamic Fracture Analysis of the Adhesively Bonded Materials under Shear Loading Y.H. Cai and H.R. Chen 141 Fabrication and Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced C–SiC Dual Matrix Composites D.M. Zhu, H.N. Du, F. Luo and W.C. Zhou 145 Electrical Properties of Hot Press Sintered NASICON Ceramics D.M. Zhu, Z.L. Xie, F. Luo and W.C. Zhou 149 The Influence of the End of the Incidence Pole on the K of the Three Point Bending Id Specimen Tested by the SHPB G.P. Zhou and J. Qu 153 Nonlinear Analysis of the In-Plane Young’s Moduli of Two-Dimensional Cellular Materials with Negative Poisson’s Ratios H. Wan, Z.Y. Hu, W.J. Bao and G.M. Hu 157 In Situ Formation of Poly(ethylene naphthalate) Microfibres in Polyethylene and Polypropylene during Extrusion K.L. Leung, A.J. Easteal and D. Bhattacharyya 161 Preparation of Mesophase Pitch from Coal Tar Pitch for C/C Composites Y.B. Ji, T.H. Li, Q.L. Lin, C.G. Fang and X.X. Wang 165 Failure Surfaces of Honeycombs with Plateau Borders under In-Plane Biaxial Loads M.Y. Yang and J.S. Huang 169 J.K. Kim, D.Z. Wo, L.M. Zhou, H.T. Huang, K.T. Lau and M. Wang c Influence of Cr Particle Size on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of CuW60Cr15 Composites P. Xiao, S.H. Liang, W.B. Zhao and Z.K. Fan 173 Study of Amine-Cured Epoxy Resin/Aluminium Oxide Interfacial Interaction L. Mei, X.G. Jin, X.D. He, Y.L. Tang and J. Xu 177 Postbuckling Failure Behaviours of Hat-Stiffened Composite Panels with Different Bonding Methods K.S. Kim, J.S. Yoo, J.M. An, Y.S. Jang, Y.M. Yi and G.R. Cho 181 High-Velocity Impact Characteristic of Mg Alloy and CFRP Composite D.Y. Hwang, A. Shimamoto and K. Takayama 185 Effect of Al(Cr) Content on the Distribution of Al O (Cr O ) Particles Formed by Internal 2 3 2 3 Oxidation S.H. Liang, P. Xiao, X.H. Wang and Z.K. Fan 189 Encapsulation of Carbonyl Iron Particles with Poly(Vinyl Butyral) and their Magnetorheology J.L. You, B.J. Park, I.B. Jang and H.J. Choi 193 Development and Impact Behaviors of AL Door Guarder Beam Reinforced with CFRP for Side Collision of Automobiles Y. Aoki, G. Ben and Y. Iizuka 197 Control of Surface Morphologies and Crystal Structures of Potassium Titanate Fibers by Flux Method C. Liu, X.F. Qin, Z.H. Yang, X. Feng and X.H. Lu 201 Mesoscopic Prediction on Dynamic Visco-Elastic Performance of Particular Reinforced Composites Y. Liu, J. Liang and B.L. Wang 205 A Theoretical Analysis on Resin Injection/Compression Molding A. Shojaei and A. Spah 209 Finite Element Analysis of Vibration Damping for Woven Fabric Composites Y. Nakanishi, K. Matsumoto, M. Zako and Y. Yamada 213 Numerical Simulation of Unidirectional Hoop Composite Laminates under Flexural Loads L.L. Tong, Z.Q. Wang and B.H. Sun 217 Biodegradation of Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Biodegradable Composites Y. Cao, S. Shibata and K. Goda 221 Chemical-Thermal and Mechanical Coupling Model for the Cure of a Thermosetting Matrix: Application to FEM Simulation G. Jugla, C. Jochum and J.C. Grandidier 225 Online Spinning of Commingled Yarns-Equipment and Yarn Modification by Tailored Fibre Surfaces E. Mäder, C. Rothe, H. Brünig and T. Leopold 229 Adhesion Issues in PBO/Epoxy Composites J. Liu, S.L. Gao, E. Mäder, A.D. Bianchi, T. Herrmannsdörfer, S. Zherlitsyn, B.S.A. Zvyagin and J. Wosnitza 233 Modelling of Thermal Cracking Behaviours of Fiber-Reinforced Composites T. Xu, S.Y. Wang, C.A. Tang, L. Song and S.B. Tang 237 A Proposal of Calculation Method for Equivalent Property of Composite Materials H. Nakai, H. Tomioka, T. Kurashiki and M. Zako 241 Mechanics Characteristics and Failure Criteria of Concrete Confined by Lateral Stress after Suffering Cycles of Freezing and Thawing in Seawater L.K. Qin, H.R. Chen, Y.J. Wang, D.F. Zhao and J.W. Yao 245 Microfibril-Reinforced Composites from PE/PET Blends: Effect of Reinforcement Size on Oxygen Permeability R.J. Shields, D. Bhattacharyya and S. Fakirov 249 Large Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Plain Woven Composite in Bias Extension Test B. Zhu, T.X. Yu and X.M. Tao 253 Mechanical Behaviours for Textile Composites by FEM Based on Damage Mechanics T. Kurashiki, H. Nakai, S. Hirosawa, M. Imura, M. Zako, I. Verpoest and S.V. Lomov 257