Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 878 Neuroscience and Respiration Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor Advances in Clinical Science Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Neuroscience and Respiration Volume 878 Editorial Board Irun R. Cohen, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel N.S.AbelLajtha,KlineInstituteforPsychiatricResearch,Orangeburg,NY,USA John D. Lambris, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Rodolfo Paoletti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Subseries Editor Mieczyslaw Pokorski Moreinformationabout thisseries athttp://www.springer.com/series/13457 Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor Advances in Clinical Science Editor MieczyslawPokorski PublicHigherMedicalProfessionalSchoolinOpole InstituteofNursing Opole,Poland ISSN0065-2598 ISSN2214-8019 (electronic) AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology ISBN978-3-319-21496-2 ISBN978-3-319-21497-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-21497-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015958794 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon #SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationin thisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia (www.springer.com) Preface The book series Neuroscience and Respiration presents contributions by expert researchers and clinicians in the field of pulmonary disorders. The chapters provide timely overviews of contentious issues or recent advances in the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the entire range of pulmo- narydisorders,bothacuteandchronic.Thetextsarethoughtasamergerof basic and clinical research dealing with respiratory medicine, neural and chemical regulation of respiration, and the interactive relationship between respiration and other neurobiological systems such as cardiovascular func- tionorthemind-to-bodyconnection.Theauthorsfocusontheleading-edge therapeutic concepts, methodologies, and innovative treatments. Pharmaco- therapy is always in the focus of respiratory research. The action and pharmacology of existing drugs and the development and evaluation of new agents are the heady area of research. Practical, data-driven options to manage patients will be considered. New research is presented regarding older drugs, performed from a modern perspective or from a different pharmacotherapeutic angle. The introduction of new drugs and treatment approachesinbothadultsandchildrenalsoisdiscussed. Lung ventilation is ultimately driven by the brain. However, neuropsy- chologicalaspectsofrespiratorydisordersarestillmostlyamatterofconjec- ture. After decades of misunderstanding and neglect, emotions have been rediscovered as a powerful modifier or even the probable cause of various somatic disorders. Today, the link between stress and respiratory health is undeniable. Scientists accept a powerful psychological connection that can directlyaffectourqualityoflifeandhealthspan.Psychologicalapproaches, bydecreasingstress,canplayamajorroleinthedevelopmentandtherapyof respiratorydiseases. Neuromolecular aspects relating to gene polymorphism and epigenesis, involvingbothheritablechangesinthenucleotidesequence,andfunctionally relevantchangestothegenomethatdonotinvolveachangeinthenucleotide sequence, leading to respiratory disorders will also be tackled. Clinical advancesstemmingfrommolecularandbiochemicalresearcharebutpossi- ble if the research findings are translated into diagnostic tools, therapeutic procedures,andeducation,effectivelyreachingphysiciansandpatients.All thatcannotbeachievedwithoutamultidisciplinary,collaborative,bench-to- bedsideapproachinvolvingbothresearchersandclinicians. v vi Preface Thesocietalandeconomicburdenofrespiratoryailmentshasbeenonthe rise worldwide leading to disabilities and shortening of life span. COPD alone causes more than three million deaths globally each year. Concerted efforts are required to improve this situation, and part of those efforts are gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease and staying abreast with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment regimens. Itishopedthatthebookspublishedinthisserieswillassumealeadingrolein the field of respiratory medicine and research and will become a source of referenceandinspirationforfutureresearchideas. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Martijn Roelandse and Ms. Tanja Koppejan from Springer’s Life Sciences Department for their genuineinterestinmakingthisscientificendeavorcomethroughandinthe expertmanagementoftheproductionofthisnovelbookseries. Opole,Poland MieczyslawPokorski Volume 17: Advances in Clinical Science Thebookpresentsthelatestdevelopmentsinclinicalmedicine,particularly involvedwithpulmonarycareanddiseases.Emphasisisplacedontheroleof childhood obesity, often a result of the ill effects of an unhealthy diet and nutritional deficits, in shaping propensity for inflammatory pathologies, allergies,immunedeficiencyandrespiratoryandcardiovascularsequelaein adult life. Oxidative damage, caused by not full well understood cellular biochemistry, when unchecked by antioxidative rescue mechanisms, takes toll on a respiratory health. The book underscores the need to consider the complexity of mutual interactions of pathophysiological processes, which calls for tailoring the management strategies depending on the subgroups which patients belong to, be it obesity, children or elderly. The chapters also tackle biological diseases with genetic underpinnings. The application of genetics to identify the molecular alterations or mutations will serve well both diagnostics and targeted optimization of treatment; the poignant exemplarbeingthehistologicalsubtypesoflungcancer.Thebookprovides asourceofcurrentfactsandtrendsinclinicalresearchandpractice. vii Contents PrevalenceofOlfactoryImpairmentinGranulomatosis withPolyangiitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 K.Zycinska,M.Straburzynski,A.Nitsch-Osuch,R.Krupa, M.Hadzik-Błaszczyk,M.Cieplak,andK.Wardyn BiochemistryofOxidativeStress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 MichałP.Pruchniak,MagdalenaAraz´na,andUrszulaDemkow UsageofOver-the-CounterandHerbalProductsinCommon ColdinPoland:FindingsfromConsumerSurvey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 K.Karlowicz-Bodalska,K.Mis´kiewicz,D.Kurpas,S.Han, A.Kowalczyk,D.Marciniak,A.Drys´,T.Glomb,S.Cedzich, U.Broniecka,andE.Kuchar RARβ PromoterMethylationasanEpigeneticMechanism ofGeneSilencinginNon-smallCellLungCancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 A.Dutkowska,A.Antczak,D.Pastuszak-Lewandoska, M.Migdalska-Se˛k,K.H.Czarnecka,P.G(cid:1)orski,J.Kordiak, E.Nawrot,andE.Brzezian´ska-Lasota CardiovascularRiskFactorsinObeseChildren andAdolescents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 MałgorzataRumin´ska,AnnaMajcher,BeataPyrz˙ak, AnetaCzerwonogrodzka-Senczyna,MichałBrzewski, andUrszulaDemkow NutritionandImmuneSysteminChildren withSimpleObesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 AnetaCzerwonogrodzka-Senczyna,MalgorzataJanusz, AnnaJeznach-Steinhagen,UrszulaDemkow,andBeataPyrzak TheInfluenceofShockwaveTherapyonOrthodontic ToothMovementInducedintheRat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 HagaiHazan-Molina,ItayAizenbud,HanaKaufman, SorinTeich,andDrorAizenbud ThyroidHormoneLevelsandTSHActivityinPatients withObstructiveSleepApneaSyndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 P.Bielicki,T.Przybyłowski,M.Kumor,M.Barnas´, M.Wiercioch,andR.Chazan ix