Advanced Practice in Healthcare Advanced Practice in Healthcare DynAmic DeveloPments in nursing AnD AllieD HeAltH Professions fourth edition edited by Paula McGee Emeritus Professor Birmingham City University Birmingham, UK Chris Inman Birmingham City University Birmingham, UK This edition first published 2019 © 2019 John Wiley and Sons Ltd Edition History John Wiley and Sons (3e, 2009) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Paula McGee and Chris Inman to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. 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Title: Advanced practice in healthcare : dynamic developments in nursing and allied health professions / edited by Paula McGee, Emeritus Professor, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK, Chris Inman, Birmingham City University, Birmingham UK, AAPE UK longstanding committee member. Other titles: Advanced practice in nursing and the allied health professions.Description: 4th edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. | Revision of: Advanced practice in nursing and the allied health professions / edited by Paula McGee. 2009. 3rd ed. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2019001698 (print) | LCCN 2019003059 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119439127 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119439110 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119439097 (pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Nurse practitioners–Great Britain. | Nursing–Great Britain. Classification: LCC RT82.8 (ebook) | LCC RT82.8 .A365 2019 (print) | DDC 610.73/7–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019001698 Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: © Pobytov / Getty Images Set in 10/12pt New Baskerville by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Note on Contributors xi Introduction xv Part 1 Advanced Practice as a Global Phenomenon 1 The Conceptualization of Advanced Practice 3 Paula McGee and Chris Inman 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Competence 5 1.3 Variations in Advanced Practice 12 1.4 Conclusion 15 References 16 2 An International Perspective of Advanced Nursing Practice 19 Madrean Schober 2.1 Introduction: Overview of Advanced Nursing Practice 20 2.2 Advanced Nursing Practice Defined: An International Position 20 2.3 Drivers and Motivation 23 2.4 Influence of International Organizations 24 2.5 Regional and Country Profiles of Advanced Nursing Practice 26 2.6 Country‐specific Initiatives 28 2.7 International Collaboration for a New Initiative 30 2.8 Controversial Issues 31 2.9 Challenges 33 2.10 Conclusion 36 References 37 3 Development of Advanced Practice Nursing Roles in the Netherlands 39 Christine de Vries de Winter 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 The Dutch Healthcare System 40 3.3 Development of Advanced Nursing Practice in the Netherlands 41 3.4 Regulation of Advanced Practice 42 v vi Contents 3.5 Preparation of Advanced Nurse Practitioners 42 3.6 Issues in Advanced Practice in the Netherlands 45 3.7 Education 46 3.8 The Future of Advanced Nursing Practice: Innovation in Healthcare and Education 46 3.9 Conclusion 48 References 49 4 Advanced Practice in Nursing and Midwifery: The Contribution to Healthcare in Australia 51 Grainne Lowe and Virginia Plummer 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 Advanced Practice in Australia 52 4.3 Current Issues in Advanced Practice in Australia 57 4.4 Advanced Practice in Midwifery 60 4.5 Conclusion 61 References 62 5 Influences on the Development of Advanced Nursing Practice in the UK 65 Paula McGee 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 The National Health Service in the UK 66 5.3 Health Policy 67 5.4 Influence of Health Policies and Reform of the National Health Service 67 5.5 Influence of Nursing Strategies 71 5.6 Influence of Nursing Organizations 73 5.7 Conclusion 79 References 80 Part 2 Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 6 The Development of Advanced Practice in the Allied Health Professions in the UK 85 Paula McGee 6.1 Introduction 85 6.2 Background to the Development of Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 87 6.3 Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 90 6.4 Advanced Practice in Physiotherapy 90 6.5 Advanced Practice Paramedics 91 6.6 Current Issues in Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 92 6.7 Conclusion 98 References 99 Contents vii 7 Advanced Practice in the Radiography Professions 101 Nick White and Helen White 7.1 Introduction 101 7.2 Worldwide Variation in the Adoption of Advanced Practice in Radiography 102 7.3 Four‐tier Service and Advanced Practice in Radiography 102 7.4 Educational Preparation for Advanced Practice Roles in Radiography 104 7.5 Defining Advanced Practice – Do Role Specialism and Role Extension in Radiography Truly Lead to “Advanced Practice”? 105 7.6 Taking Stock: The Deployment of Advanced Practitioners within the Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy, and Ultrasound Communities of Practice 107 7.7 Future Developments and Opportunities 110 7.8 Conclusion 112 References 113 8 Advanced Practice in Speech and Language Therapy 115 Susan Beaumont 8.1 Introduction 115 8.2 The Role of the Advanced Practitioner Speech and Language Therapist 120 8.3 Current Challenges in Advanced Speech and Language Therapy 123 8.4 Conclusion 124 References 125 Part 3 The Advanced Practitioner in Direct Patient Care 9 Prescribing and Advanced Practice 131 Andrew Campbell 9.1 Introduction 131 9.2 The History of Non‐medical Prescribing in the UK 132 9.3 Registered Non‐medical Prescribers in England 133 9.4 Preparing for Prescribing 133 9.5 Who May Prescribe What? 135 9.6 The Principles of Effective Prescribing 138 9.7 Safety and Clinical Governance 141 9.8 The Future of Non‐medical Prescribing 142 9.9 Conclusion 144 References 145 viii Contents 10 The Advanced Clinical Nurse Practitioner and Direct Care 147 Mary Hutchinson 10.1 Introduction 147 10.2 Holistic Health Assessment 154 10.3 Conclusion 155 References 156 11 The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner 159 Paula McGee and Jonathan Downham 11.1 Introduction 159 11.2 The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Role 160 11.3 Scope of Practice 161 11.4 Competences for the Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Role 164 11.5 Processes in the Development of the Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Role 165 11.6 Current Issues in Advanced Critical Practice 169 11.7 Conclusion 170 References 171 12 The Interface between Advanced Nursing and Medical Practice 173 Lesley Kavi and Paula McGee 12.1 Introduction 173 12.2 General Practice in the UK 174 12.3 Current Issues in General Practice 175 12.4 Advanced Nursing Practice 176 12.5 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advanced Nursing Practice in General Practice 181 12.6 Conclusion 184 References 185 Part 4 Developing Advanced Practitioners’ Skills 13 Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Professional Practice 189 Nicola J Stock 13.1 Introduction 190 13.2 Ethical Theories 190 13.3 The Mental Capacity Act 194 13.4 Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 195 13.5 Consent, Autonomy, and Advocacy 196 13.6 Negligence 197 13.7 Handling Complaints 199 13.8 Whistleblowing 200 13.9 Duty of Candor 201 13.10 Improving Care Quality 202 13.11 Conclusion 202 References 204