Jennifer A. LaRosa Editor Adult Critical Care Medicine A Clinical Casebook 123 Adult Critical Care Medicine Jennifer A. LaRosa Editor Adult Critical Care Medicine A Clinical Casebook Editor Jennifer A. LaRosa Newark NJ USA ISBN 978-3-319-94423-4 ISBN 978-3-319-94424-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94424-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018956149 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of transla- tion, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimi- lar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Buon seme dà buoni frutti. Italian Proverb Ní neart go cur le chéile. Gaelic Proverb Preface The study of disease and the application of lifesaving inter- ventions have undergone a meteoric rise in the mid-twentieth century. Many important events have contributed to this growth, the following three of which are noteworthy exam- ples: (1) The polio epidemic triggered the widespread use of mechanical ventilators. (2) The standardization of transfusion and resuscitative protocols made survival from catastrophic injury possible. (3) Organ transplant became a real and sus- tainable possibility for those dying of single organ dysfunc- tion. For patients with organ failure, trauma, or severe infection who would have invariably succumbed to their ill- ness, critical care medicine offered an opportunity to change that inevitable fate. This book is a state-of-the-art reference for many of the challenges the modern practitioner faces today. The topics covered range from organ failure and transplantation to bio- ethical challenges and how we die. Each chapter tells a story of a real patient. Though this book is by no means all encom- passing, it aims to be broad, comprehensive, and accessible for critical care providers. It is the work of over two dozen authors from around the world with firsthand experience and expertise in their subspecialty. Newark, NJ, USA Jennifer A. LaRosa vii Contents 1 Management of Intracranial Hypertension and Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Christopher Begley and Debra Roberts 2 Overcoming Conflicts in ICU Care of Surgical Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Anthony Dinallo, Jonathan Decker, and Adam M. Kopelan 3 Perioperative Management of the Heart Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Mark Jay Zucker and Leeor M. Jaffe 4 Damage Control in the Trauma ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Yanjie Qi 5 Liver Failure in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Priyanka Rajaram and Ram Subramanian 6 Harm and Quality in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Jennifer A. LaRosa 7 Surveillance and Prevention of Hospital- Acquired Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Christian A. Engell 8 Sepsis and Septic Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Anand Kumar and Victor Tremblay ix x Contents 9 Advanced Practice Providers in the ICU: Models for a Successful Multiprofessional Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Heather Meissen and Aimee Abide 10 Critical Care Billing, Coding, and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Michael J. Apostolakos 11 Shock and Vasopressors: State-of-the-Art Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Michael Kouch and R. Phillip Dellinger 12 Brain Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Margie Hodges Shaw and David C. Kaufman 13 Nutrition Support Therapy During Critical Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Jayshil Patel, Ryan T. Hurt, and Manpreet Mundi 14 Advanced and Difficult Airway Management in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Jagroop S. Saran and Joseph W. Dooley 15 Hemodynamic Monitoring: What’s Out There? What’s Best for You? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Heath E. Latham 16 Bleeding and Thrombosis in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Donald S. Houston and Ryan Zarychanski 17 Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Lars-Kristofer N. Peterson 18 Challenges in Oxygenation and Ventilation . . . . . . . 351 Julia West and Caroline M. Quill 19 Poisoning and Toxicity: The New Age . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Kim Kwai and Patrick Hinfey Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Contributors Aimee Abide, PA-C, MMSc Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA Michael  J.  Apostolakos, MD University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Christopher Begley, DO University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Jonathan Decker, DO Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA R. Phillip Dellinger, MD, MCCM Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA Anthony Dinallo, MD, MPH Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA Joseph W. Dooley, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Christian  A.  Engell, MD Rutgers University New Jersey School of Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA Patrick Hinfey, MD Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA Donald  S.  Houston, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology and Haematology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada xi xii Contributors Ryan  T.  Hurt, MD, PhD Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Leeor  M.  Jaffe, MD Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA David  C.  Kaufman, MD, FCCM Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Adam M. Kopelan, MD, FACS Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA Michael  Kouch, MD, FAAEM Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA Anand  Kumar, MD Section of Critical Care Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Kim  Kwai, MD UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA Jennifer A. LaRosa, MD, FCCM, FCCP Newark, NJ, USA Heath E. Latham, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA Heather  Meissen, MSN, ACNP, CCRN, FCCM, FAANP Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Manpreet Mundi, MD Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Jayshil Patel, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Lars-Kristofer N. Peterson, MD Departments of Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA