Âëàäèìèð Ðåìåçîâñêèé Ñàìîó÷èòåëü PHOTOSHOP CS 2 2006 Ñîäåðæàíèå Ââåäåíèå...................................................................................................................6 Ãëàâà1.Îáùèåñâåäåíèÿîïðîãðàììå..............................................................9 Âèäûöèôðîâûõèçîáðàæåíèé.......................................................................................9 Öâåòîâûåêàíàëû........................................................................................................12 ÝôôåêòèâíàÿðàáîòàâPhotoshop................................................................................14 Îòêðûòèåäîêóìåíòîâ..................................................................................................17 Ñîçäàíèåäîêóìåíòîâ..................................................................................................20 Ñîõðàíåíèåôàéëîâ.....................................................................................................22 ÄóáëèðîâàíèåäîêóìåíòîâPhotoshop..........................................................................25 Ôîðìàòûôàéëîâ.........................................................................................................26 Ãëàâà2.ÇíàêîìñòâîñèíòåðôåéñîìPhotoshop..............................................27 Çàãðóçêàïðîãðàììû....................................................................................................27 ÈíòåðôåéñPhotoshop..................................................................................................30 Ñîçäàíèåçàìåòîê........................................................................................................41 Ïðîñìîòðèçîáðàæåíèÿ...............................................................................................42 Èñïîëüçîâàíèåëèíååê,íàïðàâëÿþùèõëèíèéèñåòêè.................................................46 Îòìåíàäåéñòâèé.........................................................................................................50 Ãëàâà3.ÍàñòðîéêàPhotoshop............................................................................55 Óñòàíîâêàïàðàìåòðîâ.................................................................................................55 Èçìåíåíèåóñòàíîâîê..................................................................................................56 Ìåíåäæåðïðåäâàðèòåëüíûõóñòàíîâîê.......................................................................69 Êàëèáðîâêàìîíèòîðà..................................................................................................70 Öâåòîâîåðàáî÷ååïðîñòðàíñòâî..................................................................................72 Öâåòîâûåïàðàìåòðû...................................................................................................74 Ãëàâà4.Âûäåëåíèåîáëàñòèèçîáðàæåíèÿ.....................................................81 Ìàñêèðîâàíèå.............................................................................................................81 Èñïîëüçîâàíèåèíñòðóìåíòîââûäåëåíèÿ....................................................................82 Îïåðàöèèñâûäåëåííûìèîáëàñòÿìè..........................................................................91 Äîïîëíèòåëüíûåìåòîäûâûäåëåíèÿ...........................................................................95 Ãëàâà5.Ñëîè........................................................................................................102 Íàçíà÷åíèåñëîåâ......................................................................................................102 Èñïîëüçîâàíèåïàëèòðûñëîåâ...................................................................................103 Ñîçäàíèåñëîåâ.........................................................................................................112 Ñìåøåíèåñëîåâ........................................................................................................116 4 Ñîäåðæàíèå Ñòèëèñëîåâ...............................................................................................................117 Ðàáîòàñòåêñòîâûìèñëîÿìè......................................................................................121 Ñâåäåíèåñëîåâ.........................................................................................................122 Èñïîëüçîâàíèåêîððåêòèðóþùèõñëîåâ......................................................................123 Ãëàâà6.Ðàáîòàñòåêñòîì..................................................................................126 ÒåêñòâPhotoshop......................................................................................................126 Èñïîëüçîâàíèåòåêñòîâûõèíñòðóìåíòîâ....................................................................127 Óñòàíîâêàïàðàìåòðîâñèìâîëàèàáçàöà...................................................................130 Äåôîðìèðîâàíèåòåêñòà............................................................................................138 Ðàñòðèðîâàíèåòåêñòà................................................................................................138 Ïðîâåðêàïðàâîïèñàíèÿ............................................................................................139 Ïîëåçíûåñîâåòû.......................................................................................................140 Ãëàâà7.Êîíòóðû..................................................................................................142 Ïîíÿòèåêîíòóðà.......................................................................................................142 Ïîñòðîåíèåêîíòóðîâ................................................................................................143 Ðåäàêòèðîâàíèåêîíòóðîâ..........................................................................................149 ÏàëèòðàPaths...........................................................................................................154 Çàëèâêàèîáâîäêàêîíòóðîâ......................................................................................156 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèåêîíòóðîâ.........................................................................................157 Âåêòîðíûåìàñêè.......................................................................................................159 Ñîçäàíèåãåîìåòðè÷åñêèõôèãóð...............................................................................160 Ãëàâà8.Ðàáîòàñöâåòîì....................................................................................166 Öâåòîâûåìîäåëè......................................................................................................166 Âûáîðöâåòîâ............................................................................................................169 Êèñòè........................................................................................................................174 Èíñòðóìåíòûðèñîâàíèÿ............................................................................................178 Ãðàäèåíòû.................................................................................................................179 Çàëèâêàèîáâîäêà.....................................................................................................185 Ãëàâà9.Êàíàëûèáûñòðûåìàñêè...................................................................192 ÏîíÿòèåêàíàëîâPhotoshop.......................................................................................192 ÏàëèòðàChannels......................................................................................................193 Ðåäàêòèðîâàíèåñîäåðæèìîãîêàíàëîâ......................................................................200 Ðåæèìáûñòðîéìàñêè................................................................................................201 Ãëàâà10.Èçìåíåíèåðàçìåðîâèòðàíñôîðìàöèÿèçîáðàæåíèé..............204 Ïîíÿòèåðàçðåøåíèÿ.................................................................................................204 Èçìåíåíèåðàçðåøåíèÿèçîáðàæåíèé........................................................................206 ÈíñòðóìåíòCrop........................................................................................................211 Îòñå÷åíèåêðàåâûõïèêñåëîâ....................................................................................215 Èçìåíåíèåðàçìåðàõîëñòà........................................................................................215 Ïîâîðîòõîëñòà.........................................................................................................217 Òðàíñôîðìàöèÿèçîáðàæåíèé....................................................................................218 Ñîäåðæàíèå 5 Ãëàâà11.Òîíîâàÿèöâåòîâàÿêîððåêöèÿ.......................................................227 Èçìåðåíèåòîíàèöâåòà............................................................................................227 Áûñòðàÿêîððåêöèÿèçîáðàæåíèé..............................................................................235 Êîððåêöèÿÿðêîñòèèêîíòðàñòíîñòè..........................................................................238 Ðàáîòàñóðîâíÿìè.....................................................................................................240 Èçìåíåíèåêðèâûõ.....................................................................................................243 Èçìåíåíèåòîíàèíàñûùåííîñòè...............................................................................247 Ðåäàêòèðîâàíèåîòäåëüíûõêàíàëîâ..........................................................................248 Óñòàíîâêàöâåòîâîãîáàëàíñà....................................................................................252 Êîððåêöèÿñâåòîâèòåíåé.........................................................................................252 ÏðèìåíåíèåôèëüòðàPhotoFilter...............................................................................254 Âûáîðî÷íàÿêîððåêöèÿáàçîâîãîöâåòà.....................................................................255 Ñìåøåíèåêàíàëîâ....................................................................................................256 Ãëàâà12.Èçìåíåíèåèêîïèðîâàíèåöâåòà...................................................258 Èçìåíåíèåïàðàìåòðîâöâåòà....................................................................................259 Êîïèðîâàíèåöâåòà....................................................................................................263 Çàìåíàöâåòà.............................................................................................................266 Òðàíñôîðìàöèÿöâåòà...............................................................................................269 Ãëàâà13.Ðåòóøèðîâàíèåôîòîãðàôèé..........................................................274 Ïðîáëåìûñîñòàðûìèôîòîãðàôèÿìè........................................................................274 Îñîáåííîñòèñêàíèðîâàíèÿñòàðûõôîòîãðàôèé........................................................275 Èíñòðóìåíòûðåäàêòèðîâàíèÿèçîáðàæåíèé...............................................................277 Ãëàâà14.Èñïîëüçîâàíèåôèëüòðîâ................................................................290 Îñíîâíûåñâåäåíèÿîôèëüòðàõ.................................................................................290 Êîíñòðóêòèâíûåôèëüòðû..........................................................................................294 Äåñòðóêòèâíûåôèëüòðû............................................................................................309 Õóäîæåñòâåííûåôèëüòðû.........................................................................................319 Ôèëüòðûâèçóàëèçàöèè..............................................................................................321 Ãëàâà15.Àâòîìàòèçàöèÿîïåðàöèé.................................................................325 Ñîçäàíèåèïðèìåíåíèåäåéñòâèé..............................................................................325 Àâòîìàòè÷åñêèåîïåðàöèè.........................................................................................334 Êîìàíäûàâòîìàòè÷åñêîéîáðàáîòêè.........................................................................337 Ãëàâà16.Ïå÷àòüèçîáðàæåíèéèðàçðàáîòêèäëÿÂåá................................348 ÏðåäâàðèòåëüíûéïðîñìîòðèçîáðàæåíèéâìîäåëèCMYK.........................................348 Ïðîôèëüñòðóéíîãîïðèíòåðà....................................................................................353 Ïå÷àòü.......................................................................................................................354 ÏóáëèêàöèÿâÂåá......................................................................................................357 ÑîõðàíåíèåèçîáðàæåíèéäëÿÂåá.............................................................................370 Ðàçáèâêàèçîáðàæåíèéíàôðàãìåíòû.......................................................................373 Àëôàâèòíûéóêàçàòåëü......................................................................................376 Ââåäåíèå Ñðåäèïðîãðàììïîîáðàáîòêåèçîáðàæåíèéãðàôè÷åñêèéðåäàêòîðPhotoshopïî ïðàâó çàíèìàåò ëèäèðóþùåå ïîëîæåíèå. Îí îáðàòèë íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå óæå ïî- ñëå ïåðâîãî ñâîåãî âûïóñêà â 1990 ãîäó, ïðåäîñòàâèâ íîâûå ñïîñîáû ïîëó÷åíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèé,÷òîêàðäèíàëüíîèçìåíèëîïðåäñòàâëåíèåîáýòîìïðîöåññå.Çàïîë- òîðàäåñÿòèëåòèÿäàííàÿïðîãðàììàïðåâðàòèëàñüíåïðîñòîâìîùíóþãðàôè÷å- ñêóþñðåäó,áåçêîòîðîéòðóäíîïðåäñòàâèòüðàáîòóïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãîôîòîãðàôà, õóäîæíèêàèëèäèçàéíåðà,àñòàëàñòàíäàðòîìâîáëàñòèïðîãðàììíîãîîáåñïå÷å- íèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîãî äëÿ îáðàáîòêè èçîáðàæåíèé. Âîñòðåáîâàííîñòü ýòîãî ãðàôè÷åñêîãî ðåäàêòîðà îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ ïðåæäå âñåãî òåì, ÷òîîíÿâëÿåòñÿ÷àñòüþèíòåãðèðîâàííîãîïðîãðàììíîãîêîìïëåêñàCreativeSui- te (CS), îõâàòûâàþùåãî ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå íàïðàâëåíèÿ â îáëàñòè ïîëèãðàôèè è äèçàéíà.ÍàðÿäóñðàññìàòðèâàåìîéâêíèãåâåðñèåéPhotoshopCS2,âñîñòàâêîì- ïëåêñà âõîäÿò òàêèå ïðîãðàììû, êàê Illustrator CS2, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ âåê- òîðíîãî èëëþñòðèðîâàíèÿ, CoLive CS2 — äëÿ âåá-äèçàéíà, InDesign CS2 — äëÿ âåðñòêè è Acrobat CS2 — äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïóáëèêàöèé, ðàçìåùàåìûõ â Èíòåðíåòå. Íî, ïîæàëóé, ãëàâíàÿ ïðè÷èíà ïîïóëÿðíîñòè ïðîãðàììû ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî åå ðàçðàáîò÷èêàì óäàëîñü äîñòè÷ü íàñòîÿùåé ãàðìîíèè â åäèíåíèè òåõíèêè è èñ- êóññòâà. Èìåííî ïîýòîìó ó Photoshop òàêàÿ øèðîêàÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêàÿ àóäèòî- ðèÿ — îò ëþáîçíàòåëüíîãî äèëåòàíòà äî ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî äèçàéíåðà. È åñëè õóäîæíèêè, ó÷åíûå èëè èíæåíåðû îáðàùàþòñÿ ê ãðàôè÷åñêîìó ðåäàêòîðó ãëàâ- íûìîáðàçîìäëÿîáðàáîòêèèöâåòîâîéêîððåêöèèèçîáðàæåíèé,îñíîâíóþ÷àñòü ïîëüçîâàòåëåéèíòåðåñóåòïðåæäåâñåãîâûðàæåíèåõóäîæåñòâåííûõèäåé.Èýòî ïîíÿòíî,âåäüïðîãðàììàíåòîëüêîïðåäîñòàâëÿåòâîçìîæíîñòüñîçäàâàòüðèñóí- êè,ðàñêðàøèâàòüèñèíòåçèðîâàòüèõ,ñîñòàâëÿòüêîëëàæèèêîìïîçèöèè,íîòàê- æåïðèóêðàøèâàòüèèñêàæàòüäåéñòâèòåëüíîñòüâèçîáðàæåíèè,äðóãèìèñëîâà- ìè, ïîëíîñòüþ ðåàëèçîâûâàòü ïîòåíöèàë ñâîåãî õóäîæåñòâåííîãî âèäåíèÿ. Óíèâåðñàëüíîñòè ïðîãðàììû âïîëíå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äàííàÿ êíèãà. Îíà â îäèíà- êîâîé ìåðå áóäåò ïîëåçíà êàê äèçàéíåðó-äèëåòàíòó â êà÷åñòâå ïîäðîáíîãî ïîñî- áèÿ, òàê è îïûòíîìó èçäàòåëþ, ïðåäîñòàâèâ â åãî ðàñïîðÿæåíèå íîâûå âîçìîæ- íîñòè ïðîãðàììíîãî ïðîäóêòà. Êíèãàçàäóìàíàèïîñòðîåíàââèäå÷åòêîîðãàíèçîâàííîãîðóêîâîäñòâàïîèíñòðó- ìåíòàìèîïåðàöèÿìïîñëåäíåé,äåâÿòîé,âåðñèèPhotoshopCS2.Âíåéäàíûîïè- ñàíèÿèïîÿñíåíèÿ,íåîáõîäèìûåäëÿìàêñèìàëüíîïîëíîãîîñâîåíèÿïðîãðàììû. ×òîáûâûìîãëèíåóìîçðèòåëüíî,àíàïðàêòèêåïîíÿòüèóñâîèòüáàçîâûåêîíöåï- öèèPhotoshopèíàó÷èòüñÿïðèìåíÿòüèõêðåàëüíûìèçîáðàæåíèÿì,âêíèãåïðè- âåäåíûïðèìåðûïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîãîâûïîëíåíèÿðàçëè÷íûõîïåðàöèé.Àíàëè÷èå Ââåäåíèå 7 áîëüøîãî êîëè÷åñòâà ðèñóíêîâ ïîçâîëèò âàì ëó÷øå îðèåíòèðîâàòüñÿ â èíòåð- ôåéñå Photoshop è êîíòðîëèðîâàòü ïðàâèëüíîñòü ïðîèçâîäèìûõ äåéñòâèé. Âãëàâå1ïðèâåäåíûîáùèåñâåäåíèÿîïðîãðàììå,ðàññìîòðåíûïðèíöèïûðàáî- òûñäîêóìåíòàìè,àòàêæåäàíîïðåäñòàâëåíèåîðàñòðîâîéèâåêòîðíîéãðàôèêå. Ãëàâà 2 ïîìîæåò âàì ðàçîáðàòüñÿ ñ èíòåðôåéñîì ïðîãðàììû, à ãëàâà 3 — ñ íà- ñòðîéêàìè,÷òîáûíåäîïóñêàòüâðàáîòåñáîåâèíåïðåäâèäåííûõñèòóàöèé.Îçíà- êîìèâøèñü ñ ìàòåðèàëîì ãëàâû 4, âû îñâîèòå ñïîñîáû ïîñòðîåíèÿ âûäåëåííûõ îáëàñòåé,êîíòóðîâèñòàíäàðòíûõôèãóð,àèçãëàâû5óçíàåòåìíîãîèíòåðåñíî- ãîîñëîÿõâèçîáðàæåíèè:èõòèïàõ,ñòèëÿõ,èðåæèìàõíàëîæåíèÿ.Íåñìîòðÿíà òî ÷òî Photoshop ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãðàôè÷åñêèì ðåäàêòîðîì, â íåì èìåþòñÿ òàêæå ñðåä- ñòâà äëÿ îáðàáîòêè òåêñòà — èì ïîñâÿùåíà ãëàâà 6. Ñëåäóþùàÿ ãëàâà, 7, ââåäåò âàñ â ñëîæíûé, íî èíòåðåñíûé è çàõâàòûâàþùèé ìèð êîíòóðîâ. Ïðèîáðåñòè ýëåìåíòàðíûå íàâûêè ðàáîòû ñ èíñòðóìåíòàìè ðèñîâàíèÿ è çàëèâ- êè, òî åñòü íàó÷èòüñÿ ñîçäàâàòü ãðàôè÷åñêèå èçîáðàæåíèÿ, ïîìîæåò âàì ãëàâà 8. À èç ãëàâû 9 âû óçíàåòå, ÷òî òàêîå ìàñêè è êàíàëû è êàê ýòè ìîùíûå ñðåäñòâà èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ îáðàáîòêè èçîáðàæåíèé.  ãëàâå 10 ðå÷ü ïîéäåò î ñïîñîáàõ òðàíñôîðìàöèè èçîáðàæåíèé — èçìåíåíèè ðàçìåðîâ, âûðàâíèâàíèè, ðàñïðåäåëå- íèè,ïîçèöèîíèðîâàíèè.Ãëàâà11ïîñâÿùåíàìåòîäàìöâåòîâîéêîððåêöèè.Îáðà- òèòå âíèìàíèå: â íåé íå òîëüêî ïîêàçàíî, êàê ðàáîòàþò òå èëè èíûå ìåòîäû, íî è îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ, â êàêèõ ñëó÷àÿõ èõ ëó÷øå ïðèìåíÿòü. Îñîáåííîñòèðàáîòûñöâåòîì,àèìåííîèçìåíåíèååãîïàðàìåòðîâ,êîïèðîâàíèå èçàìåíà,ïîäðîáíîîïèñàíûâãëàâå12.Ðåòóøèðîâàíèþôîòîãðàôèéïîñâÿùåíà ãëàâà 13, à èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ôèëüòðîâ — ãëàâà 14. Ñàìî ñîáîé, ÷òî Photoshop, áó- äó÷è ìîùíûì ãðàôè÷åñêèì ðåäàêòîðîì, ïîçâîëÿåò àâòîìàòèçèðîâàòü ðóòèííûå îïåðàöèè,î÷åìïîäðîáíîðàññêàçàíîâãëàâå15.Èíàêîíåöâçàâåðøàþùåéêíè- ãó ãëàâå 16 ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ïîñëåäíèé ýòàï ðàáîòû ñ èçîáðàæåíèÿìè — âûâîä èõ íà ïå÷àòü. Îäíàêî êíèãà áûëà áû íå ïîëíîé áåç óïîìèíàíèÿ îá Èíòåðíåòå, ïîñêîëüêó äëÿ ðàçìåùåíèÿèçîáðàæåíèéâÂåáî÷åíü÷àñòîîáðàùàþòñÿèìåííîêPhotoshop,àòî÷- íåå ê åãî ïðèëîæåíèþ Image Ready. Èçó÷èòü òåõíîëîãèè âåá-äèçàéíà, ìåòîäû ñîçäàíèÿ è ðåäàêòèðîâàíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèé äëÿ Ñåòè âû ñìîæåòå òîæå â ãëàâå 16. Íàäååìñÿ,÷òîâýòîéêíèãåâûíàéäåòåîòâåòûíàâñåâîïðîñû.Íîâëþáîìñëó÷àå âàæíî ïîìíèòü ñëåäóþùåå: ÷òîáû èñêóñíî îâëàäåòü ýòèì ãðàôè÷åñêèì ðåäàêòî- ðîì, íåäîñòàòî÷íî ïðîñòî âûó÷èòü, ãäå íàõîäÿòñÿ åãî èíñòðóìåíòû è êîìàíäû è êàêèåôóíêöèèîíèâûïîëíÿþò.Íàñòîÿùååìàñòåðñòâîçàêëþ÷àåòñÿâñïîñîáíî- ñòè ïðèìåíÿòü ïîëó÷åííûå ñâåäåíèÿ òâîð÷åñêè. Ñîãëàøåíèÿ, ïðèíÿòûå â êíèãå ×òîáû îáëåã÷èòü âîñïðèÿòèå ìàòåðèàëà, òåêñò óïðàæíåíèé îðãàíèçîâàí â âèäå íóìåðîâàííîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè øàãîâ.  òåêñòå ìíîãî âðåçîê «ÏÐÈÌÅ×À- ÍÈÅ» è «ÑÎÂÅÒ», íàçíà÷åíèå êîòîðûõ — ñêîíöåíòðèðîâàòü âíèìàíèå íà âàæ- íîì âîïðîñå. Íàçâàíèÿ âñåõ ýëåìåíòîâ èíòåðôåéñà, à òàêæå èìåíà ôàéëîâ è ïà- ïîê âûäåëåíû ñïåöèàëüíûìøðèôòîì. 8 Ââåäåíèå Ïðèëàãàåìûé êîìïàêò-äèñê Íà ïðèëàãàåìîì ê êíèãå êîìïàêò-äèñêå âû íàéäåòå èçîáðàæåíèÿ è äîêóìåíòû, ïðèìåíÿåìûå â ïîøàãîâûõ îïèñàíèÿõ îïåðàöèé ãëàâ. Îíè ðàçìåùåíû ïî ïàï- êàì, íîìåðà êîòîðûõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþò íóìåðàöèè ãëàâ. Êðîìå òîãî, äèñê ñîäåðæèò äåìîíñòðàöèîííûå âåðñèè íåñêîëüêèõ ìîùíûõ íàäñòðîåê äëÿ Photoshop è äî- ïîëíèòåëüíûå ïðèëîæåíèÿ ê ïðîãðàììå. Îò èçäàòåëüñòâà Âàøè çàìå÷àíèÿ, ïðåäëîæåíèÿ è âîïðîñû îòïðàâëÿéòå ïî àäðåñó ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òû [email protected] (èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ïèòåð», êîìïüþòåðíàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ). Ìû áóäåì ðàäû óçíàòü âàøå ìíåíèå! Èíôîðìàöèþ î êíèãàõ èçäàòåëüñòâ «Ïèòåð» è «Èçäàòåëüñêàÿ ãðóïïà BHV» âû íàéäåòå íà âåá-ñàéòàõ http://www.piter.com è http://www.bhv.kiev.ua. Ãëàâà 1 Îáùèå ñâåäåíèÿ î ïðîãðàììå (cid:2) Âåêòîðíûå è ðàñòðîâûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ (cid:2) Öâåòîâûå êàíàëû (cid:2) Ñîçäàíèå, ñîõðàíåíèå è äóáëèðîâàíèå äîêóìåíòîâ (cid:2) Ôîðìàòû ôàéëîâ è èõ ñîâìåñòèìîñòü Ïðîãðàììà Photoshop ïîñòîÿííî îáíîâëÿåòñÿ, è èìåííî áëàãîäàðÿ ýòîìó ñîõðà- íÿåò ëèäåðñòâî ñðåäè ãðàôè÷åñêèõ ðåäàêòîðîâ, òî åñòü ïðîãðàìì, âûïîëíÿþùèõ ðåäàêòèðîâàíèåèçîáðàæåíèé.Ïîñëåäíÿÿâåðñèÿïðîãðàììû—àýòîóæåååäåâÿ- òûéâûïóñê—îòâå÷àåòñàìûìñîâðåìåííûìòðåáîâàíèÿìöèôðîâîéôîòîãðàôèè è âåá-äèçàéíà. Îçíàêîìèâøèñü ñ íîâûìè âîçìîæíîñòÿìè Photoshop, âû óáåäè- òåñü, ÷òî ïðîãðàììà ñòîèò òîãî, ÷òîáû îáðàùàòüñÿ èìåííî ê íåé, îñîáåííî òåì, êòî ïðîôåññèîíàëüíî çàíèìàåòñÿ îáðàáîòêîé è ðåäàêòèðîâàíèåì èçîáðàæåíèé. Photoshop CS2 ôóíêöèîíèðóåò îäèíàêîâî ýôôåêòèâíî è â Mac OS X, è â Win- dows XP. Íî â Mac OS 9 èëè Windows 98 ýòà ïðîãðàììà íå ðàáîòàåò, â îòëè÷èå îò åå ïðåäûäóùèõ âåðñèé. Òåì íå ìåíåå, âñå êîìïîíåíòû ïðåäøåñòâóþùåé ïðî- ãðàììû,PhotoshopCS,ïî-ïðåæíåìóïðèñóòñòâóþò;îáíîâëåíèåçàêëþ÷àåòñÿâäî- áàâëåíèè íîâûõ ôóíêöèé è óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèè ñóùåñòâóþùèõ. Ïîëüçîâàòåëè, ðàáîòàâøèå ñ âîñüìîé âåðñèåé, îñâîÿò Photoshop CS2 áåç çàòðóäíåíèé. Îäíàêî íå íàäî äóìàòü, ÷òî Photoshop — ïðîñòåíüêàÿ ïðîãðàììêà, êîòîðîé ìî- æåò ëåãêî îâëàäåòü íîâè÷îê. Ýòî ìîùíûé ãðàôè÷åñêèé ðåäàêòîð ñ îãðîìíûì ÷èñëîìðàçíîîáðàçíûõôóíêöèé,ñïîñîáíûéñäåëàòüïðàêòè÷åñêèâñåâñâîåéîá- ëàñòè, íî ëèøü ïðè óìåëîì îáðàùåíèè ñ íèì. Âèäû öèôðîâûõ èçîáðàæåíèé Âãðàôè÷åñêîìðåäàêòîðåèçîáðàæåíèÿñîçäàþòñÿäâóìÿïðèíöèïèàëüíîðàçëè÷- íûìè ìåòîäàìè. Ïåðâûé èç íèõ — âåêòîðíûé — çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ïðåäñòàâëåíèè 10 Ãëàâà1.Îáùèåñâåäåíèÿîïðîãðàììå èçîáðàæåíèÿ êàê íàáîðà îáúåêòîâ, ñîñòîÿùèõ èç òî÷åê è êðèâûõ, îïðåäåëåííûõ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêè.Âòîðîéìåòîä—ðàñòðîâûé—îñíîâàííàïðèìåíåíèèñåòêèìåëü- ÷àéøèõ êâàäðàòèêîâ, íàçûâàåìûõ ïèêñåëàìè, äëÿ êàæäîãî èç êîòîðûõ ïðåäîïðå- äåëåíû öâåòîâûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè. Âåêòîðíàÿ ãðàôèêà Ïðèìåíÿÿìåòîäâåêòîðíîéãðàôèêè,ñïîìîùüþêîìïüþòåðàìîæíîñîçäàòü,àçà- òåìèíàïå÷àòàòüîáúåêòû,èìåþùèå÷åòêèåî÷åðòàíèÿ.Äàííàÿâîçìîæíîñòüïðå- æäå âñåãî âàæíà äëÿ õóäîæíèêîâ-èëëþñòðàòîðîâ. Íî âåêòîðíûé ïðèíöèï ïî- ñòðîåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèé èäåàëåí òàêæå è äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ òåêñòîì, ïîñêîëüêó áóêâû äîëæíû èìåòü ÷åòêèå êðàÿ, áåç ñòóïåí÷àòûõ íåðîâíîñòåé, ÷àñòî ïîëó÷àþùèõñÿ ïðè ïîïûòêå íàðèñîâàòü êðèâóþ íà ýêðàíå ìîíèòîðà. Âåêòîðíûåïðîãðàììûñîçäàíèÿèëëþñòðàöèé(òàêèåêàêAdobeIllustrator,Mac- romedia FreeHand è CorelDRAW) èëè âåðñòêè (íàïðèìåð, QuarkXPress, Adobe PageMaker è Adobe InDesign) ÷àñòî íàçûâàþò îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûìè, òàê êàêîíèîñíîâàíûíàïðèíöèïåïîñòðîåíèÿîáúåêòîâèçíåçàâèñèìûõëèíèéèëè ôèãóð (îò òî÷êè ê òî÷êå è îò ñåãìåíòà ê ñåãìåíòó) è ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ èõ â çàäàí- íûõ ìåñòàõ èçîáðàæåíèÿ. Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû íàðèñîâàòü òàêîé îáúåêò, õóäîæíèê ñ ïîìîùüþ ìûøè îòìå÷àåò íàýêðàíååãîîïîðíûåòî÷êèèïðîâîäèòóïðàâëÿþùèåëèíèè.Ñàìèîáúåêòûñî- ñòîÿò èç êðèâûõ Áåçüå, ïîäîáíûõ ïîêàçàííûì íà ðèñ. 1.1. Êðèâûå Áåçüå ìîãóò ïðèíèìàòü ðàçíûå ôîðìû, ïðîñòåéøàÿ èç êîòîðûõ — ïðÿìîëèíåéíûé îòðåçîê.  îòëè÷èå îò ëèíèé ðàñòðîâîãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ, èõ ïîñòðîåíèå îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ìàòå- ìàòè÷åñêèìè ôîðìóëàìè íà îñíîâå çàäàííûõ ÷èñëîâûõ çíà÷åíèé, è îíè ñîñòîÿò èç ñòðîãî îïðåäåëåííîãî íàáîðà óçëîâ è ñåãìåíòîâ. Ðèñ.1.1.ÊðèâûåÁåçüå Âàæíåéøååïðåèìóùåñòâîâåêòîðíîéãðàôèêèçàêëþ÷àåòñÿâòîì,÷òîèçîáðàæå- íèÿ,ñäåëàííûåíàååîñíîâå,íåçàâèñÿòîòðàçðåøåíèÿ,—îíèñîçäàþòñÿàâòîìà- òè÷åñêè,ñó÷åòîìðàçðåøåíèÿóñòðîéñòâà,íàêîòîðîåâûâîäÿòñÿ,—áóäüòîýêðàí èëè ïðèíòåð. Ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî îïÿòü æå òåì, ÷òî âåêòîðíûå îáúåêòû îïðåäåëÿ- þòñÿìàòåìàòè÷åñêèìèôîðìóëàìè,ïîýòîìóïðèíòåðìîæåòïîëó÷àòüîòêîìïüþ- òåðà ýòè ôîðìóëû è ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî ôîðìèðîâàòü ïå÷àòàåìûå îáúåêòû, òî åñòü