A C cambridge greek and latin classics H I L L E S T ACHILLES A T I U TATIUS S IL L E UCIPPE –E I U I C A N D I P P E C L I TOPHON A N D book s i–ii C L I T O P H O N edited by tim whitmarsh CAMBRIDGE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS General Editors P. E. Easterling Regius Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Cambridge Philip Hardie Fellow, Trinity College, and Emeritus Honorary Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge Neil Hopkinson Fellow, Trinity College, University of Cambridge Richard Hunter Regius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge †E. J. Kenney Kennedy Professor Emeritus of Latin, University of Cambridge S. P. Oakley Kennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge ACHILLES TATIUS L E U C I P P E A N D C L I TO P H O N BOOKS I–II edited by tim whitmarsh St John’s College, Cambridge University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, ny 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107190368 doi: 10.1017/9781108105378 © Tim Whitmarsh 2020 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2020 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data names: Achilles Tatius, author. | Whitmarsh, Tim, editor. title: Achilles Tatius: Leucippe and Clitophon books I-II / Tim Whitmarsh. other titles: Leucippe and Clitophon | Cambridge Greek and Latin classics. description: New York : Cambridge University Press, 2020. | series: Cambridge Greek and Latin classics | Includes bibliographical references and index. identifiers: lccn 2019059873 | isbn 9781107190368 (hardback) | isbn 9781108105378 (epub) subjects: lcsh: Achilles Tatius. Leucippe and Clitophon. classification: lcc pa3819 .a2 2020 | ddc 883/.01--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019059873 isbn 978-1-107-19036-8 Hardback isbn 978-1-316-64059-3 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. CONTENTS Acknowledgements page vii References and Abbreviations viii Introduction 1 Author, Date, Context 1 2 Achilles and his Literary Context 7 3 Books 1 and 2 17 4 Allusion, Rhetoric, Narrative, Language 26 5 Location, Setting, Environment 51 6 Ethics, Philosophy, Culture 60 7 Text 76 SIGLA 79 ΑΧΙΛΛΕΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΣ ΤΑΤΙΟΥ ΤΑ ΚΑΤΑ ΛΕΥΚΙΠΠΗΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΛΕΙΤΟΦΝΤΑ Α'–Β' 81 Commentary 117 Works Cited 263 General Index 280 Index of Greek Words and Phrases 284 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This commentary is the culmination of 20 years of reading and thinking about Achilles Tatius’ wonderful Leucippe and Clitophon. I am grateful to all those who have shared and debated ideas along the way, including (but not limited to) Helen Morales, Ian Repath, John Morgan, Karen ní Mheallaigh, Froma Zeitlin, Simon Goldhill, Ewen Bowie, Consuelo Ruiz Montero, Aldo Tagliabue, Koen de Temmerman, Claire Jackson, Lawrence Kim, Richard Hunter and Daniel Jolowicz. I am particularly grateful to have seen a draft of Jolowicz 2020 shortly before submitting my final copy. I have learned from innumerable others in the international community of scholars who work on the ancient novel, and in particular several generations of brilliant graduate students on the ancient romance and related areas, among them Anna Lefteratou, Athina Siapera, Estelle Strazdins, Elodie Turquois, Emma Greensmith, Ben Kruchió and Anna Athanasopoulou. I am also lucky to have been able to teach Achilles in Cambridge, not only in lectures and supervisions but also in the Intensive Greek classes. I am grateful to every undergraduate who has questioned, prodded and probed over the years. I have happy memories of begin- ning the work on this commentary in the congenial surroundings of the University of Chicago in 2015: many thanks to colleagues and friends in the Department of Classics for inviting and hosting me. My most imme- diate debt is to Neil Hopkinson and Richard Hunter, whose patience, acuity and guidance (and attention to linguistic superfluities) have trans- formed this book beyond measure; and to Michael Sharp at the Press for his encouragement. Finally, I am very lucky to live in a household that brims with conversations and ideas. Leucippe and Clitophon is a book about clever young people who have different ideas about the world from their parents. My daughter India (who read Achilles as a teenager) and my son Sol have changed the way I view this text, bringing it alive for me in ways that I could not have predicted – which is why, incidentally, I occasionally do use the term ‘teenager’ in the text (an anachronism, but Achilles does often read to me as a strangely modern text). My greatest debt, however, is inevitably to Emily Kneebone. vii REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS The Greek romances and their authors are abbreviated in the commen- tary as follows: Xen. Eph., A&H Xenophon of Ephesus, The Ephesian Story of Anthia and Habrocomes Char., Call. Chariton, Callirhoe A., L&C Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Clitophon Long., D&C Longus, Daphnis and Chloe Hld., Ch&Th Heliodorus, The Ethiopian Story of Charicleia and Theagenes References to L&C are by book, chapter and section number only. Σ indicates ‘scholium’ or ‘scholia’. Classical journals and Greco-Roman authors are abbreviated accord- ing to the conventions of OCD5 (http://classics.oxfordre.com/page/ abbreviation-list/). Editions of ancient texts are listed below only when referred to in the commentary by abbreviation. ANET J. B. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Bible, Princeton 1969 BDAG F. Montanari, Brill’s dictionary of Ancient Greek, Leiden 2015 BNJ I. Worthington, Brill’s New Jacoby, Leiden 2005– BNP H. Cancik and H. Schneider eds., Brill’s New Pauly. English translation edited by C. F. Salazar and F. G. Gentry, Leiden 2010 CA J. U. Powell, Collectanea Alexandrina, Oxford 1925 Chantraine P. Chantraine, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque, Paris 1968 CIL Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin 1863– Denniston J. D. Denniston, The Greek particles, 2nd edn, Oxford 1954 FHG K. Müller et al., Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, Paris, 1841–85 GDRK E. Heitsch, Die griechischen Dichterfragmente der römischen Kaiserzeit, Bd. 1., 2nd edn, Göttingen 1963 GLRBP E. A. Sophocles, Greek lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine periods (from b.c. 146 to a.d. 1100), Boston 1870 GMT W. W. Goodwin, Syntax of the moods and tenses of the Greek verb, enlarged edn, London 1889 viii