Achieving Organizational Agility, Intelligence, and Resilience Through Information Systems Hakikur Rahman Institute of Computer Management and Science, Bangladesh A volume in the Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics (ABISA) Book Series Published in the United States of America by IGI Global Business Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2022 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Rahman, Hakikur, 1957- editor. Title: Achieving organizational agility, intelligence, and resilience through information systems / Hakikur Rahman, editor. Description: Hershey, PA : Business Science Reference, [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book presents the latest scholarly research on the widespread integration of technological innovations around the globe and examines how organizational agility, intelligence and resilience interprets, affects, and improves the entrepreneurship around the globe”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021028551 (print) | LCCN 2021028552 (ebook) | ISBN 9781799847991 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781799871385 (paperback) | ISBN 9781799848004 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Organizational resilience. | Entrepreneurship. | Technological innovations. Classification: LCC HD58.9 .A28 2022 (print) | LCC HD58.9 (ebook) | DDC 658.4/013--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021028551 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021028552 This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics (ABISA) (ISSN: 2327-3275; eISSN: 2327-3283) British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected]. Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics (ABISA) Book Series ISSN:2327-3275 EISSN:2327-3283 Editor-in-Chief: Madjid Tavana La Salle University, USA Mission The successful development and management of information systems and business analytics is crucial to the success of an organization. New technological developments and methods for data analysis have allowed organizations to not only improve their processes and allow for greater productivity, but have also provided businesses with a venue through which to cut costs, plan for the future, and maintain competitive advantage in the information age. The Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics (ABISA) Book Series aims to present diverse and timely research in the development, deployment, and management of business information systems and business analytics for continued organizational development and improved business value. 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Titles in this Series For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-business-information-systems-analytics/37155 Handbook of Research on Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in Business and Industry Valentina Chkoniya (University of Aveiro, Portugal) Engineering Science Reference • © 2021 • 653pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799869856) • US $425.00 Using Strategy Analytics to Measure Corporate Performance and Business Value Creation Sandeep Kautish (Lord Buddha Education Foundation, Nepal) Business Science Reference • © 2021 • 287pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799877165) • US $225.00 Adapting and Mitigating Environmental, Social, and Governance Risk in Business Magdalena Ziolo (University of Szczecin, Poland) Business Science Reference • © 2021 • 313pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799867883) • US $195.00 Innovative and Agile Contracting for Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 Mohammad Ali Shalan (Aqarat Real Estate Development Company, Saudi Arabia) and Mohammed Ayedh Algarni (Information and Documents Center, Institute of Public Administration, Saudi Arabia) Business Science Reference • © 2021 • 415pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799845010) • US $225.00 Opportunities and Strategic Use of Agribusiness Information Systems Ferdinand Ndifor Che (W3-Research, USA & APPC Research, Australia) Kenneth David Strang (W3-Research, USA & APPC Research, Australia) and Narasimha Rao Vajjhala (University of New York Tirana, Albania) Business Science Reference • © 2021 • 333pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799848493) • US $195.00 Integration Challenges for Analytics, Business Intelligence, and Data Mining Ana Azevedo (CEOS:PP, ISCAP, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal) and Manuel Filipe Santos (Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal) Engineering Science Reference • © 2021 • 250pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799857815) • US $225.00 For an entire list of titles in this series, please visit: www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-business-information-systems-analytics/37155 701 East Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA Tel: 717-533-8845 x100 • Fax: 717-533-8661 E-Mail: [email protected] • www.igi-global.com Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................xiii Acknowledgment...............................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Digital.Organizations:.The.Social.Business.Contribution......................................1 Maria João Ferreira, REMIT, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & ISTTOS, Centro Algoritmi, Universidad do Minho, Portugal Fernando Moreira, REMIT, IJP, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & IEETA, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Isabel Seruca, REMIT, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & ISTTOS, Centro Algoritmi, Universidad do Minho, Portugal Chapter 2 Implementing.Cloud.Information.Systems.for.Organizational.Agility.and. Competitive.Advantage:.SaaS.Migration..............................................................39 Kamran Janamian, Independent Researcher, Slovakia Chapter 3 Organizational.Sustainability:.Characteristics.of.Agility.....................................72 Hakikur Rahman, Ansted University Sustainability Research Institute, Malaysia Chapter 4 Long.Tail.Leadership:.A.Covid.Case.Study.Illustrates.the.Importance.of. Understanding.Soft.Power.Affecting.Organizations...........................................103 Diane Spencer-Scarr, Curtin University, Australia Chapter 5 Open.Innovation.Strategies.in.SMEs:.Development.of.a.Business.Model.........137 Hakikur Rahman, Ansted University Sustainability Research Institute, Malaysia  Chapter 6 Assurance.for.Change.Management.With.COBIT.2019.and.CMMC.Maturity. Frameworks.........................................................................................................163 Jeffrey S. Zanzig, Jacksonville State University, USA Guillermo A. Francia, III, University of West Florida, USA Chapter 7 BI.and.Analytics.for.Effective.Disaster.Recovery.Management.Lessons.From. the.Bayou............................................................................................................197 Gregory Smith, Xavier University, USA Thilini Ariyachandra, Xavier University, USA Chapter 8 From.Business.Intelligence.to.Data.Science:.A.Decade.of.Evolution................218 Virginia M. Miori, Saint Joseph’s University, USA John Yi, Saint Joseph’s University, USA Rashmi Malhotra, Saint Joseph’s University, USA Ronald K. Klimberg, Saint Joseph’s University, USA Chapter 9 Towards.Making.a.Sustainable.Organization.....................................................238 Hakikur Rahman, Ansted University Sustainability Research Institute, Malaysia Chapter 10 Critical.Success.Factors.for.Organizational.Agility:.Q-Study.and.the.Place.of. IT.........................................................................................................................269 Mohamed Amine Marhraoui, ENSIAS Engineering School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco Mohammed Abdou Janati Idrissi, ENSIAS Engineering School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco Abdellah El Manouar, ENSIAS Engineering School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco Compilation of References...............................................................................299 About the Contributors....................................................................................342 Index...................................................................................................................348 Detailed Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................xiii Acknowledgment...............................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Digital.Organizations:.The.Social.Business.Contribution......................................1 Maria João Ferreira, REMIT, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & ISTTOS, Centro Algoritmi, Universidad do Minho, Portugal Fernando Moreira, REMIT, IJP, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & IEETA, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Isabel Seruca, REMIT, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal & ISTTOS, Centro Algoritmi, Universidad do Minho, Portugal Digitalization.is.changing.business.and.organizations..In.the.organizational.context,. the.potential.that.can.be.realized.through.digitalization.is.manifest,.namely.the. expenditure.reduction.and.higher.innovative.power..However,.it.is.not.enough.to. integrate.digitalization;.a.change.of.culture.and.behavior.is.necessary..To.this.extent,. social.media.relations.have.the.potential.to.create.communication.capabilities.that. can.be.turned.into.useful.resources,.which.in.turn.will.result.in.more.significant. competitive.advantage.and.performance..Taking.advantage.of.social.tools.within. social.business.contexts.requires.an.exercise.in.how.to.demonstrate.usefulness. regarding.the.creation,.access,.and.sharing.of.content.securely..To.this.end,.this. chapter.will.provide.a.comprehensive.view.of.a.new.context.of.labor.(i.e.,.social. business.supported.by.mobile.IST-m_CSDIT2).to.improve.the.organizational.well- being.through.the.collective.intelligence.and.agility.dimensions.  Chapter 2 Implementing.Cloud.Information.Systems.for.Organizational.Agility.and. Competitive.Advantage:.SaaS.Migration..............................................................39 Kamran Janamian, Independent Researcher, Slovakia In.today’s.competitive.business.environment,.information.systems.are.not.a.luxury;. rather.they.are.vital.for.survival..A.new.generation.of.ISs.has.been.established.on. cloud.capabilities..Moving.toward.software.as.a.service.is.not.the.goal.in.a.business,. and.if.not.implemented.properly,.competitive.advantage.may.even.suffer..Managers. and.change.agents.should.undertake.deep.study.over.SaaS.implementation.before. migration..In.this.chapter,.the.main.elements.and.features.in.which.CEOs.and.IT. managers.should.consider.in.evaluating.the.SaaS.migration.option.will.be.provided,. and.enterprises.may.be.acquainted.with.the.concept,.goals,.and.theoretical.foundations. of.SaaS.as.a.main.cloud-based.service.in.the.business.environment..On.the.other.hand,. businesses.should.undertake.some.necessary.changes.in.the.operating.circumstances. which.are.utilization.of.a.proper.and.modified.business.models.established.over.a. knowledge.base.strategic.movement..This.will.lead.enterprises.to.achieve.the.main. goals.of.migrating.to.SaaS.and.cloud.platforms.(i.e.,.agility,.competitive.advantage,. and.innovation). Chapter 3 Organizational.Sustainability:.Characteristics.of.Agility.....................................72 Hakikur Rahman, Ansted University Sustainability Research Institute, Malaysia An.organization.with.its.capacity.to.endure,.add.up.value,.and.promote.value.chain. could.be.seen.as.a.sustainable.organization..Sustainability.could.be.in.the.form.of. short-,.medium-,.and.long-term.effect.to.an.entity..Through.the.utilization.of.the. information.and.communication.technology,.organizations.now.can.adopt.various. business.techniques.to.tackle.or.minimize.risks,.reduce.costs,.and.make.profit.. Among.many.such.techniques,.this.particular.research.looks.into.the.aspects.of. agility.within.organizations.that.may.lead.to.sustained.business.platform..This. chapter.tries.to.argue.that.an.organization.with.this.characteristic,.in.the.longer.run,. can.lead.to.sustainability.and.elevate.the.business.intelligence..In.this.discourse,. through.a.vertical.literature.review,.this.study.has.tried.to.construct.a.framework.of. sustainability.with.the.aspect.of.an.organization.and.thereby.proposed.a.business. model.for.ideation.and.future.implementation. Chapter 4 Long.Tail.Leadership:.A.Covid.Case.Study.Illustrates.the.Importance.of. Understanding.Soft.Power.Affecting.Organizations...........................................103 Diane Spencer-Scarr, Curtin University, Australia  The.increased.weighting.of.digital.natives.in.a.fattening.long.tail.has.added.complexity. to.organizational.leadership,.particularly.during.the.global.COVID-19.pandemic.. Trends.affecting.the.individual.come.from.social,.economic,.and.technological. sources.and.affect.leadership.behaviors,.and.this.in.turn.affects.society..In.order.to. understand.this.interconnection,.lower-level.influences.and.how.they.affect.the.higher- level.visible.signs.are.discussed..These.lead.to.influences.on.behavior..Influences.are. felt.as.intensity.and.embeddedness.of.engagement,.decision-management,.feedback. ability,.and.motivators..This.chapter.begins.with.a.discussion.of.causes.for.this. phenomenon.and.concludes.with.ways.to.work.with.the.long.tail,.either.from.within. as.a.member.or.externally.as.a.leader..The.chapter.ends.with.a.brief.comment.on. future.research.based.on.findings.discussed.in.this.chapter. Chapter 5 Open.Innovation.Strategies.in.SMEs:.Development.of.a.Business.Model.........137 Hakikur Rahman, Ansted University Sustainability Research Institute, Malaysia Open.innovation.in.enterprises.has.already.obtained.its.acceptance.at.all.levels.of.the. business.industry.for.adding.worth.to.the.business..The.value.could.be.in.the.form. of.economic.expanse.or.enhancement.of.knowledge.leading.to.a.sustained.financial. base..Open.innovation.adopts.various.strategies.to.accomplish.the.task.for.enhancing. the.value.gain..Varying.by.size,.nature,.pattern,.or.characteristics.of.the.firm,.various. strategies.are.being.adopted.by.enterprises..Though.largely.known.to.be.familiar. in.corporate.business.houses,.in.recent.years,.open.innovation.is.also.becoming. increasingly.recognizable.in.small.and.medium.enterprises.(SMEs),.and.the.trend. is.rapidly.escalating..However,.despite.the.potency.of.open.innovation.strategies,. most.of.the.enterprises.are.yet.to.find.a.sustained.business.model,.especially.for.the. SMEs.working.at.the.outmost.periphery.of.that.value.chain..This.chapter.is.trying. to.formulate.a.business.model.incorporating.partnership.approach.from.academia,. research.houses,.intermediaries,.practitioners,.and.other.stakeholders. Chapter 6 Assurance.for.Change.Management.With.COBIT.2019.and.CMMC.Maturity. Frameworks.........................................................................................................163 Jeffrey S. Zanzig, Jacksonville State University, USA Guillermo A. Francia, III, University of West Florida, USA As.technology.plays.an.ever-increasing.role.in.carrying.out.structured.tasks.in. today’s.society,.people.are.given.more.time.to.focus.their.attention.on.higher.levels. of.service.and.personal.development..However,.technology.is.in.a.constant.state.of. change.and.assurance.services.are.needed.to.help.ensure.that.technology.changes. are.accomplished.properly..The.Institute.of.Internal.Auditors.has.identified.10.steps. that.can.be.used.to.effectively.implement.changes.in.technology..This.process.and.its.