00.indd 1 12/3/08 4:23:31 PM 00.indd 2 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. Newcastle, Washington 00.indd 3 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM The Pilot’s Manual: Access to Flight Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. 7005 132nd Place SE • Newcastle, Washington 98059-3153 (425) 235-1500 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.asa2fly.com © 2008 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. PDF eBook edition published 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. None of the material in this manual supersedes any operational documents or procedures issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, aircraft and avionics manufacturers, flight schools, or the operators of aircraft. Acknowledgments: The publishers would like to thank the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Cirrus Design, the National Weather Service (NWS), Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. (Jeppesen charts have been reproduced with permission, and are copyrighted by Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.), Bendix/King (a division of Allied Signal Aerospace), II Morrow, Inc., RYAN, Narco Avionics, Garmin Communication and Navigation, and our distinguished editorial board. Also, to the many students, instructors, and FAA personnel whose comments have helped in developing and refining the material in this manual. Photographs: Cirrus Design, FM Photographics and Aviation Theory Centre ASA-PM-AF-PD PDF ISBN 978-1-56027-836-8 Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................ix About the Editorial Team ...........................................................................x Introduction ..............................................................................................xi Personal Progress Table The Pilot Text Review 1. Airmanship ........................................................................................3 2. The Human in the Cockpit ...............................................................19 3. Aviation Regulations ........................................................................59 Aerodynamics Text Review 4. Forces Acting on an Airplane ..........................................................99 5. Stability and Control ......................................................................131 6. Aerodynamics of Flight .................................................................151 The Airplane Text Review 7. Airframe .........................................................................................203 8. Engine ...........................................................................................211 9. Systems .........................................................................................243 10. Flight Instruments ..........................................................................259 11. Weight and Balance ......................................................................289 Contents v 00.indd 5 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM Navigation Text Review 12. Charts ............................................................................................315 13. Airports and Airport Operations ....................................................339 14. Visual Navigation Fundamentals ...................................................353 15. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) ................................................371 16. Radar & ADS-B .............................................................................381 17. The VOR ........................................................................................407 18. Airspace ........................................................................................441 19. Flight Planning ...............................................................................449 Instrument Flight Text Review 20. Introduction to Instrument Flight ...................................................471 21. Instrument Departures ..................................................................487 22. En Route ........................................................................................499 23. Instrument Approaches .................................................................515 24. Visual Maneuvering .......................................................................541 25. The VOR Instrument Approach .....................................................553 26. GPS Approaches ..........................................................................563 27. Instrument Landing System (ILS) ..................................................575 28. Holding Patterns, Procedure Turns, and DME Arcs ......................615 29. Normal Instrument Flight on a Partial Panel ..................................637 vi Access to Flight 00.indd 6 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM Weather Text Review 30. Wind, Air Masses, and Fronts .......................................................659 31. Visibility .........................................................................................675 32. Clouds ...........................................................................................683 33. Icing ..............................................................................................697 34. Thunderstorms ..............................................................................703 35. High-Level Meteorology ................................................................717 36. Weather Reports and Forecasts ...................................................721 Appendices Appendix 1 Abbreviations ...................................................................759 Appendix 2 Answers to Review Questions .........................................763 Index ....................................................................................................797 Contents vii 00.indd 7 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM 00.indd 8 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM Foreword Dear fellow pilot, There are few challenges more rewarding, and accomplishments more satisfying, than becoming a licensed pilot. As an aviator, you’ll find your horizons expanded, your aesthetic senses stimulated, and a rich camaraderie that no matter where you land, odds are you’ll always find a friend. Every time I fly, I look down at highways full of cars and wonder, “Why don’t more people fly?” Is it because they just don’t know they can? Learning to fly is a life-changing, and life-defining, experience. Not only does it shrink the world, but it also creates opportunities; it brings people and places closer together, and it saves time. People often look at learning to fly as an insurmountable challenge. Learning to fly can indeed be challenging, but it will also be fun, exciting, and fulfilling. Learning to fly is not just an event; it is a change in lifestyle. In the past few years, the road to becoming a pilot and the philosophies used in pilot training have evolved to keep up with the avionics and systems of today’s modern aircraft, such as the Cirrus. It is also important that a new and modern approach to training will reflect these new technologies and capabilities, and focus on helping to shape a pilot’s decision making skills and judgment. So while an airplane is, really, still an airplane — the physics are the same — how we’re flying them, and how we’re learning to fly them, has grown more sophisticated. The training curriculum in The Pilots Manual: Access to Flight blends both the private pilot and instrument pilot training courses into one, complete pilot education solution. It is designed to get you, the pilot, flying and enjoying aviation efficiently and safely. Once you experience the rich rewards of aviation, soon you too will be asking, “Why don’t more people fly?” Alan and Dale Klapmeier Alan Klapmeier is a co-founder of Cirrus and has served as its CEO and Chairman since its inception in 1984. Mr. Klapmeier serves on several industry boards, including the General Aviation Manufacturing Association (GAMA) Board of Directors (and serves as its Chairman for 2008), the AOPA Air Safety Foundation Board of Visitors, the Board of Directors of the Small Aircraft Manufacturers Association, and the Ripon College Board of Trustees. Mr. Klapmeier holds degrees in Physics and Economics from Ripon College in Wisconsin. With over 5,500 hours of flight time, Mr. Klapmeier has been a licensed pilot for more than 30 years. Dale Klapmeier co-founded Cirrus 23 years ago and currently holds the position of Vice Chair- man. As Vice Chairman, Mr. Klapmeier is responsible for overseeing product development, includ- ing the eagerly awaited Cirrus SRSport, and product strategy. Mr. Klapmeier is also involved in Experimental Aircraft Association’s Young Eagle Program and the Red Tail Project, which is restor- ing a Tuskeegee Airmen P51 Mustang. Mr. Klapmeier holds degrees in business administration and economics from the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. As a private pilot Mr. Klapmeier has logged more than 3,000 hours of flight time. Dale and Alan Klapmeier have received the 2007 Dr. Godfrey L Cabot Award, the Experimental Aviation Association, (EAA) 2007 Freedom of Flight Award, Airport Journal 2006 “Living Legends” Aviation Entrepreneurs of the Year, EAA August Raspet Award, Air Safety Foundation 2005 Admiral de Florez Award, and 2004 Ernst and Young Entrepreneurs of the Year for Manufacturing. Since founding Cirrus 23 years ago in a dairy barn in Baraboo, WI, the Klapmeiers have grown Cirrus Design into a global brand, with a formidable international sales and service network. Cirrus manu- factures three models of aircraft, which includes the best selling aircraft for five consecutive years, the SR22. Cirrus employs about 1,300 people in two facilities. Grand Forks, ND is home to a state- of-the-art, composite lay-up and curing facility. Duluth, MN is home to Cirrus’ world headquarters and where bonding, final assembly and customer delivery of aircraft also take place. Foreword ix 00.indd 9 12/3/08 4:23:32 PM