Abraham Ibn Daud’s DorotʿOlam (Generations of the Ages) The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World (Formerly Medieval Iberian Peninsula) Editedby LarryJ.Simon(WesternMichiganUniversity) GerardWiegers(UniversityofAmsterdam) ArieSchippers(UniversityofAmsterdam) DonnaM.Rogers(DalhousieUniversity) IsidroJ.Rivera(UniversityofKansas) VOLUME50 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/memi Abraham Ibn Daud’s Dorot ʿOlam (Generations of the Ages) A Critical Edition and Translation of ZikhronDivreyRomi, DivreyMalkheyYisraʾel, and the MidrashonZechariah By KatjaVehlow LEIDEN•BOSTON 2013 Coverillustration:frontispieceandtitlepagefromThewonderful,andmostdeplorablehistory,ofthe latertimesofJosephbenGorion,ha-Kohen(1718[i.e.1722]),AM1722Jos[67380.D] WithkindpermissionofTheLibraryCompanyofPhiladelphia. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData IbnDaud,AbrahambenDavid,Halevi,ca.1110-ca.1180. AbrahamibnDaud'sDorot'olam(GenerationsoftheAges)/acriticaleditionandtranslationof ZikhronDivreyRomi,DivreyMalkhey'Israel,andtheMidrashonZechariahbyKatjaVehlow. pagescm.– (ThemedievalandearlymodernIberianworld;volume50) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-22790-3(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-24815-1(e-book) 1. IbnDaud,AbrahambenDavid,Halevi,ca.1110-ca.1180.2. Jews–History–Chronology.3.  Jews–History–Philosophy.4. Palestine–History–To70A.D.5. Palestine–History–70-638. I.Vehlow, Katja,translator,writerofaddedcommentary.II.IbnDaud,AbrahambenDavid,Halevi,ca.1110-ca. 1180.Dorot'olam.Selections.III.IbnDaud,AbrahambenDavid,Halevi,ca.1110-ca.1180.Dorot 'olam.Selections.English.IV.Title. [DNLM:1. IbnDaud,AbrahambenDavid,Halevi,ca.1110-ca.1180.–Politicalandsocialviews.] DS114.I1692132013 937–dc23 2013002997 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characters coveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthehumanities. Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN1569-1934 ISBN978-90-04-22790-3(hardback) ISBN978-90-04-24815-1(e-book) Copyright2013byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Formyparents,withlove. CONTENTS Acknowledgements..................................................... xiii Abbreviations...........................................................xvii Introduction............................................................ 1 1. JewsinAndalusia:OppressedorLivingina‘GoldenAge’?..... 3 2. JustHowIberianWereIberianJews?........................... 5 3. WasThereaMedievalJewishHistoriography?................. 6 PARTONE INTRODUCTION I.IbnDaudandHisWritings ........................................... 11 1. Historical-CulturalSetting ..................................... 11 2. TheAuthor..................................................... 14 3. IbnDaud’sWritings ............................................ 17 4. DorotʿOlam .................................................... 18 4.1.Seferha-Qabbalah ......................................... 18 4.2.ZikhronDivreyRomi........................................ 19 4.3.DivreyMalkheyYisraʾel..................................... 19 4.4.MidrashonZechariah...................................... 20 4.5.TheUnityofDorotʿOlam .................................. 20 II.Sources............................................................... 25 1. Complications:SharedUseofTexts,Symbols,and Methodologies ................................................. 25 2. JewishSources ................................................. 28 2.1.IbnDaudandSeferJosippon ............................... 29 3. ChristianSources .............................................. 31 4. IslamicSources................................................. 37 III.TheArgumentofDorotʿOlam....................................... 39 1. ModernReadings .............................................. 39 2. MessianicorNot?Errors,Blunders,andContradictionsin DorotʿOlam .................................................... 41 viii contents 3. PrinciplesofPoliticalLeadership .............................. 44 4. RomeandItsConnectionstoIberia............................ 50 5. TheEarlyChurchinDorotʿOlam............................... 52 6. TheHispanizationofJewishHistory ........................... 56 IV.TheEarlyModernFascinationwithDorotʿOlam.................... 63 1. DivreyMalkheyYisraʾel ......................................... 63 2. ZikhronDivreyRomi............................................ 71 3. TheMidrashonZechariah...................................... 71 V.PrefacetotheCriticalEdition........................................ 75 1. TheManuscriptsoftheHebrewText........................... 75 2. PrintedHebrewEditions....................................... 83 3. BilingualEditionsandTranslations ............................ 86 4. TheHebrewTextofThisEdition............................... 93 5. TheEnglishTranslationandCommentary..................... 95 Sigla..................................................................... 96 PARTTWO DOROTʿOLAM TheChronicleofRomefromtheDayofitsFoundationtotheRiseof theKingdomofIshmael............................................ 98 1. TheBeginningsofRomeuntilBrutus .......................... 98 2. TheReignofJuliusCaesar...................................... 102 3. FromAugustustoHadrian ..................................... 104 4. TheRebellionoftheSonsofKoziva............................ 110 5. FromHadriantoDiocletian.................................... 112 6. TheEmergenceofChristianity................................. 120 7. TheChristianizationofSpain .................................. 124 8. TheRiseofIslamandChristianityinSpain .................... 128 TheHistoryoftheKingsofIsraelintheSecondTemplePeriod ........ 132 1. IntroductoryRemarks.......................................... 132 2. AlexandertheGreat............................................ 134 3. PtolemyandtheSeptuagint.................................... 136 4. TheEarlyRuleofAntiochus.................................... 144 5. TheBeginningoftheMaccabeanRevolt ....................... 148