Revue suisse de Zoologie 120 (4): 585-663; décembre 2013 A taxonomie revision ofthe spider genus Perania Thorell, 1890 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae: Pacullinae) with the descriptions of eight new species SCHWENDINGER PeterJ. Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] A taxonomie revision of the spider genus Perania Thorell, 1890 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae: Pacullinae) with the descriptions of eight new species. - Nineteen Perania species are recognized, keyed and attri- buted to five species-groups. Eight new species are described, P tumida , P ferox P quadrifurcata and P egregia from northern, northwestern and northeas,ternThailand,P utara,P harau,P deelemanaeandP selatan from Sumatra. The female copulatory organs of P armata (Thorell, 1890), P nigra (Thorell, 1890), Ppicea (Thorell, 1890) and/! birmanica (Thorell, 1898; known only from the holotype) are illustrated for the first time. Perania armata type species of the monotypic genus Mirania Lehtinen, 1981, is shown t,o be the sister species ofP nigra type species ofPerania , , and thus Mirania is kept in the synonymy ofPerania. Perania korinchica Hogg, 1919 is removed from the synonymy ofP picea and re-described from a male collected at the type locality. New material of P robusta Schwendinger, 1989, P nasuta Schwendinger, 1989 and P siamensis Schwendinger, 1994 from northern and southern Thailand, ofP cerastes Schwendinger, 1994 frompeninsularMalaysia, and ofP nigra Ppicea and , P armata from Sumatra is presented. Two morphological forms are recognized for P cerastes. Taxonomic characters and relationships are discussed; general information on the biology of some ofthese species is given. Keywords: SoutheastAsia - armoured spiders - Mirania. INTRODUCTION Perania is a genus of armoured spiders that construct irregular sheetwebs in humid forest in SoutheastAsia. Although containing the largest representatives ofthe family Tertablemmidae, Perania is rarely collected and still little known. Twelve nominal species have previously been described from eastern Myanmar, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra by Thorell (1890, 1898), Hogg (1919) and Schwendinger (1989, 1994), one ofwhich (P. robusta described from the northern- , most tip ofThailand) was later also reported from southern China (Lian, 2009). Here males andfemales ofeightadditional species are described from the knownrange, and a female is reported (but not named) from northern Sumatra, together withjuveniles from two Indonesian islands south ofSingapore (see Fig. 1). The increasing numbers Manuscriptaccepted 04.10.2013 586 P. J. SCHWENDINGER Fig. 1 Localities of Perania spp. roughly in order of appearance in the text. Left map: mainland Southeast Asia from southern China to southern Thailand; right map: Thai-Malaysian penin- sula, Lingga Archipelago and central part of Sumatra. CHINA: 1 - Zhaobitang (P. robusta), 2 - Xiangyangqiao (P robusta)-, THAILAND: 3 - Doi Angkhang (P robusta), 4 - Huay Yang (P siamensis), 5 - Ranong (P. siamensis), 6 - Khlong Nakha (P siamensis), 1 - Thanboke Khoranee (P siamensis), 8 - Khao Phanom Bencha (P siamensis), 9 - Doi Suthep-Pui (P nasuta), 10 - Doi Inthanon (P nasuta), 11 - Doi Khuntan (P. nasicornis); MYANMAR: 12 - B(iPa-tpuomi(dP.absipr.mna.n)i,c1a5);-TNHaAmILNaAoND(:P e1g3r-egMiaaespS.otn.-),Um16ph-aSnaigY(oPkfeNrooix(sPp.qnu.)a,dr1i4fu-rPchautaSospi.Dna.)o, REVISION OFPERANIA 587 ofspecies, localities and specimens that have become known since the last compre- hensive taxonomic treatment ofthe genus [as part ofamonograph onthe entire family by Lehtinen (1981)]justify a new revision. MATERIALAND METHODS External morphology was studied and drawn using a Zeiss SV11 stereomicro- scope, thevulvae (tissueremovedwithforcepsandinsectpins)usingaNikonOptiphot compound microscope (both with a drawing tube) and re-checked using a stereo- microscope. Body measurements were takenwith a stereomicroscope and are given in millimetres. Thetotal body length andthe carapace length include the clypealprocess, if present. The sternum length was measured between the midpoint of the anterior margin of the sternum and the posterior edge of the posterior sternal process; the sternum width between coxae II. Lengths of leg articles and palpal articles were measuredonthe dorsal side, frommidpointofanteriormarginto midpointofposterior margin, andare given inthe followingorder: total (femur+patella+tibia+metatarsus + tarsus). The length of the pulmonary plate was measured from the lateral side. References to figures that are to different scales in the legend of each plate are separated by semicolons. Terminology ofsomatic characters follows Lehtinen (1981), that ofcopulatory organs Schwendinger (1994). The informal appellation “allotype” refers to the paratype onwhichthe descriptionofthe female ofeachnew species isbased. Theterm “carapace” is used instead of“dorsal plate ofprosoma” or“holopeltidium”. The terms “long/short”, “wide/narrow” and “deep/shallow” always relate to the longitutinal axis ofthe spiderbody, limb orpalpal organ. All setae on the palps and on the carapaces, most cowpat-shaped tubercles and wart-like setal bases (some in anteriorportion shown) on the carapaces are omitted in the illustrations. In the dorsal view ofthe vulvae the ventral wall ofthe genital atrium (with or withoutpigmentation) is illustrated as itcanbe seenunderthe microscope through the thin, membranous and transparent dorsal wall ofthe genital atrium which may easily come offduring preparation. The orderinwhich specieswithin each species group are givenis geographical, roughly from north to south. The GPS coordinates of Gua Kanthan and Gua TempurungweretakenfromPlatnicketal. (1997) andcheckedonGoogle Earth. None ofthe specimens examined have registration numbers. 17 - Daichongthong (P quadrifurcata sp. n.), 18 - Kaeng Krachan (P. quadrifurcata sp. n.), 19 - Sakaerat (P. quadrifurcata sp. n.); MALAYSIA (peninsula): 20 - Maxwell's Hill (P cerastes), 21 - KanthanCave (P. cerastes), 22 -TempurungCave (P cerastes), 23 -Penang Hill (P cerastes), 24 - Cameron Highlands (P coryne), 24A - Fraser’s Hill (Perania sp.); INDONESIA: 25 - Sibolga(P utara sp. n.), 26 - Harau Canyon(P harau sp. n.), 27 - Lembah Anai (P armata), 28 - Lake Maninjau (P. nigra), 29 - Mt Singgalang (P. nigra, P armata, Ppicea), 30-LubukSelasih(P armata),31 -HutanRayaBungHatta(P armata),32-Gunung Kerinci (P picea, P korinchica), 33 - Ketenong (P deelemanae sp. n.), 34 - Taba Penanjung (P deelemanae sp. n.), 35 - Liwa (P selatan sp. n.), 36 - Brastagi (Perania sp.), 37 - Lingga Island(Perania sp.), 38 - Singkep Island (Perania sp.). 588 P. J. SCHWENDINGER Abbreviations not explained in the figure legends are: ALE = anterior lateral eyes; MCSNG = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, Genova, Italy; MHNG = Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, Switzerland; MZT = Zoological Museum, University ofTurku, Finland; NMP=National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic; PME = posterior median eyes; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; SMF = Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. TAXONOMY Perania Thorell, 1890 Perania Thorell, 1890: 315; type species by original designation and monotypy, P pallida Thorell, 1890 [formally placed in the synonymy ofPerania nigra (Thorell, 1890) by Lehtinen, 1981: 15]. MiraniaLehtinen, 1981 16-17;typespeciesbydesignationandbymonotypy,Phaedimaarmata : Thorell, 1890;MiraniaplacedinthesynonymyofPeraniabySchwendinger, 1989: 579. Remarks: There is some confusion about which is the valid type species of Perania. Bourne (1980: 259) was the firstto note thatthejuvenile holotype ofPerania pallida (theoriginallydesignatedtype speciesofPerania) isprobablyconspecificwith eitherPhaedimapiceaThorell, 1890 oxPhaedima nigra Thorell, 1890 (both latterspe- cies at that time in Paculla Simon, 1887, now in Perania). On page 250 ofthe same paper Bourne more specifically suggested that P. pallida is conspecific with P nigra , but on page 254 he explicitly gave P. picea as the type species “Type species ofthe genus: Peraniapicea (Thorell, 1890)”. Lehtinen (1981: 15) was more decisive about this and placed P. pallida in the synonymy ofP nigra. The type locality ofall three nominal species is Mt Singgalang. As the new specimens ofP. nigra were found quite close to Mt Singgalang, and new specimens of P picea much further away, it is possible that an incorrect locality was given for the types ofP. picea. Thus it appears more likely that the type ofPpallida is conspecific with the types ofP nigra. I there- fore follow Lehtinen’s decision. Phaedima Thorell, 1881 (type species Phaedima granulosa Thorell, 1881) is a juniorhomonym ofPhaedima Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 in the Diptera. Simon (1887: 194) replaced the name Phaedima Thorell, 1881 with Paculla Simon, 1887 and later (1894: 573) explicitly transferred all corresponding species. These includedPhaedima granulosa armata P nigra and P. picea but not Peraniapallida. Paculla granulosa , , , is still in that combination. Paculla picea and Paculla nigra were transferred to Perania by Bourne (1980: 254, 256) and by Lehtinen (1981: 16, 15); Paculla armata was transferred to Mirania by Lehtinen (1981: 17) and then to Perania by Schwendinger (1989: 579). WhenBourne (1980) synonymisedPeraniapallidawitheitherPacullapicea or Paculla nigra (unclear; see above), and when Lehtinen (1981) unambiguously syno- nymisedPeraniapallida withPaculla nigra both authors at the same time also trans- , ferredPacullapicea andPacullanigratoPerania. ThereforePeraniapallida (thetype species ofPerania was never in Paculla and certainly never in Phaedima Thorell. ) Strictly speakingPaculla and Phaedima Thorell are thus not synonyms ofPerania. DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from all other Pacullinae by both sexes possessing fragmented lateral opisthosomal plates and a relatively large, posteriorly widened REVISION OFPERANIA 589 sternal apophysis; males with a clypeal process (not present in all species), conical setalbases ontibia I andmetaratsus I, anda long, narrowcymbial apex (except forone species); females with a reduced dorsal opisthosomal plate, a more or less strongly fragmented anterior opisthosomal plate (except for one species), a more or less strongly fragmented preanal plate, a completely fragmented postgenital plate, and a leathery anterior collar oftheir vulva. DESCRIPTION: The followingcanbe addedto the observations ofBourne (1980: 252-254) and Lehtinen (1981: 14): Body length 4-13 mm. “Thoracic” portion ofcara- pace in both sexes unmodified (in most species), or with a pair oflow humps (only in P nigra; Fig. 21A-D), or with a pair oflong, pointed, dorsad-directed horns (only in P armata; Fig. 24A-F). Clypeus ofmales unmodified, orwith a more or less strongly developed process [short, truncate or pointed (Figs 27A-D, 30A-B); or medium-sized to long and digitiform (Figs 15A-B, 19A-F, 31A-D, 34A-B); or long and apically widened (Figs 4A-D, 7A-B, 9A-E, 12A-B, 17A]. Clypeus offemales unmodified (in most species), orwith a short, rounded hump (inP. tumida sp. n., P. egregia sp. n. and P quadrifurcata sp. n.; Figs 7C-F, 9F-J and 12G-H, respectively), or with a short, pointed cone (only in some females ofP deelemanae sp. n.; Fig. 31F-H). The larger the clypeal process, the lower the “cephalic” portion of the carapace. Chelicerae of most males and females unmodified (Fig. 2H), or with a distolateral boss in males of P robusta and P. siamensis (Fig. 2A, E), or with a mediolateral hump in both sexes (more pronounced in female) ofP coryne (Fig. 17B-C). Sclerotised parts oflegs and palps very dark (as sclerites elsewhere on the body), contrasting with white or cream- coloured membranes. Tibia I and metatarsus I (inP utara sp. n. also metatarsus II) of all males with conical setal bases prolaterally to ventrally (Fig. 36G-H); these mostly absent in females (present, but weaker than in males, on leg I ofall P egregia sp. n. and someP quadrifurcata sp. n.). Metatarsus I inmales and females ofP cerastes and P coryneventrallywithslightlytomoderatelyelevatedsetalbases carryingproximally thick, strongly sigmoid setae abruptlyturning distad and then away from axis ofmeta- tarsus (Fig. 36G); in males and females ofP robusta equivalent setae also with basal thickening (like an onion plant) but distal portion straight or only slightly sigmoid; these setae in other species unmodified. Postgenital plate ofmales short and usually more or less completely fused to posterior margin of pulmonary plate (Figs 27F, 36B-C), rarely separate (Fig. 27E); in females always completely fragmented into microplates (Fig. 36E). Preanalplatewell-developed inmales (Fig. 36A-C); infemales more or less modified: reduced to a short, transverse, compass-needle shaped sclerite [in P nigra (Fig. 2IF), P siamensis and in some P quadrifurcata sp. n. and some P cerastes or fragmented into normal or slightly enlarged microplates (in most ], species; Fig. 36E). Opisthosoma additionally with three pairs ofventrolateral plates with a finely granular surface, lying laterally between unpaired ventral plates (pulmo- nary, postgenital, preanal and anal plates) with a smooth surface: (1) anterior ventro- lateral plates long, narrow, lying parallel to lateral margin ofpulmonary plate orbeing more or less fused with it, (2) median pair [corresponding to Shear’s (1978: 8) “perigenital plates”] somewhat triangular, with or without interconnecting bridge or bridge fragments (in males only), situatedbetween postgenital plate and preanal plate, 590 P. J. SCHWENDINGER (3) posteriorpair oval to triangular, smaller than the otherpairs, always without inter- connecting bridge, situated between preanal plate and anal plate (Fig. 36B-C, E). Strap-like lateral plates mostly absent (distinct rudiments only in male ofP selatan sp. n.), but instead several bands ofmicroplates present. Posterior side ofopisthosoma ofmales with bands ofisolated microplates (in continuation oflateral bands), or with upto sevenhorizontal strap-likeplates(Fig. 37B-C); onlyfemaleofP. utara sp. n. with eight such strap-like plates (shorterthan in male), in females ofall other species these being fragmented into isolated microplates (Fig. 37D). Microplates near posterior margin ofdorsal scutum conically elevated in females ofsome species (Fig. 36E); not so in males. A few microplates on anterior side ofopisthosoma on or above anterior margin ofpulmonary plate obliquely elevated and pointed in males and females (less distinct) ofP harem sp. n., P deelemanae sp. n. andP selatan sp. n. Male palp usually with quite long and pointed (in most species; e.g. Fig. 28E, J), rarely short and blunt cymbial apex (only in P egregia sp. n.; Fig. 10C-D); bulbus ofpalpal organ globular (e.g. Fig. 13A) orpear-shaped (e.g. Fig. 25A, C), with a constricted V-shaped (e.g. Fig. 19H, J) or U-shaped (e.g. Fig. 25A) transition to the embolus (in most species), rarely without a recognisable transition (only inP egregia sp. n.; Fig. 10A-B, E); embolus rarely straight, short, deep/wide at base (only in P egregia sp. n.; Fig. 10A-B, E), usually sigmoid, long, narrow/shallow at base (all other species; e.g. Fig. 7G-H); apex ofembolus somewhat triangular (Fig. 2B-C), or fan-shaped (Fig. 2F), or deeply divided into 2-4 tips or lobes (the upper one, ifpre- sent, called “subterminal lamella”, the lower one “embolic part”; e.g. Fig. 21). No conductor. Palpaltarsus offemaleswithoutclaw. Pocket-likevulvawithrigid,partially orcompletelypigmentedventralwall andwithamembranous,transpartentdorsalwall, both continuing into the anterior part ofthe cuticular uterus in the form ofa leathery, strongly pigmented (at least in posterior portion), dorso-ventrally depressed anterior collar (e.g. Fig. 2K, P); a pair of large, more or less distinctly fused, pigmented or unpigmented ventral spermathecae situated between genital atrium and anterior collar (e.g. Fig. 2K); spermathecae with more or less clearly outlined patches ofgland pores anteriorly and laterally (extending faronto dorsal sides in some species; e.g. Fig. 23A) in all species (e.g. Fig. 2K), andwith external ventral pouches (only inP utara sp. n.; Fig. 18E-G) or internal ventral chambers (e.g. Fig. 33B-E) in some species. SPECIESincluded: P armata (Thorell, 1890) (Sumatra),P birmanica (Thorell, 1898) (Myanmar), P cerastes Schwendinger, 1994 (peninsular Malaysia), P coryne Schwendinger, 1994 (peninsularMalaysia), P egregia sp. n. (Thailand), Pferox sp. n. (Thailand), P harau sp. n. (Sumatra), P deelemanae sp. n. (Sumatra), P korinchica Hogg, 1919 (Sumatra), P nasicornis Schwendinger, 1994 (Thailand), P nasuta Schwendinger, 1989 (Thailand), P nigra (Thorell, 1890) (Sumatra), P picea (Thorell, 1890) (Sumatra), P quadrifurcata sp. n. (Thailand), P robusta Schwendinger, 1989 (Thailand, China), P selatan sp. n. (Sumatra), P siamensis Schwendinger, 1994 (Thailand), P tumida sp. n. (Thailand), P utara sp. n. (Sumatra). Total: 19 species. DISTRIBUTION: Southern China, eastern Myanmar (=Burma), Thailand, penin- sular Malaysia, Sumatra, islands ofthe LinggaArchipelago (Fig. 1). REVISION OFPERANIA 591 Keytothespeciesof Perania: Males 2 1 Females 15 2(1) “Thoracic” portion of carapace with a pair of long, straight, pointed horns (Fig. 24A-C). Western Sumatra P. armata “Thoracic” portion of carapace without such horns (only a pair of in- distinct humps in thatposition inP nigra, Fig. 21A-C) 3 3(2) Clypeus without process 4 Clypeus with process 7 4(3) Cheliceraewithdistolateralboss orhump (Fig. 2A, E; nottobe confused with mediolateral bulge on chelicerae ofmale and female ofP coryne , see Fig. 17B-C) 5 Chelicerae without distolateral boss orhump (Fig. 2H) 6 mm 5(4) Large spiders (5.8-6.6 carapace length); cheliceraewithpronounced distolateral boss (Fig. 2A); metatarsus I ventrally with a band ofproxi- mally swollen, straight setae; apex of embolus shallow (only slightly deeper than median portion of embolus), somewhat triangular, indis - tinctly bifid (Fig. 2B-C). Northern Thailand, southern China R robusta mm Medium-sized spiders (4.7-5.4 carapace length); chelicerae with less pronounced distolateral hump (Fig. 2E); metatarsus I ventrally with normal setae; apex of embolus not split, much deeper than median portion ofembolus, fan-shaped (Fig. 2F). Southern Thailand ... P. siamensis . 6(4) “Thoracic” portion ofcarapace with a pair oflow humps (Fig. 21A-C); embolus much longer than bulbus, together forming a U with near parallel sides (Fig. 22A). No conical setal bases on metatarsus II. Western Sumatra P nigra “Thoracic”portion ofcarapace withoutposteriorhumps; embolus about as long as bulbus, at right angles to each other (Fig. 18B-D). Conical setal bases (as in Fig. 36H) on metatarsus II. Northern Sumatra . P utara sp. n. 7(3) Clypeal process short, more or less distinctly pointed, occupying less than 10% ofcarapace length (Figs 27A-D, 30A-B, 34A-B) 8 Clypeal process medium-sized or long, occupying distinctly more than 10%ofcarapacelength, digitiform, apexnotwiderthanitsbaseindorsal view (Figs 15A-B, 19A-F, 31A-D) 9 Clypeal process long, occupying about 20-30% ofcarapace length, apex distinctly wider than base in dorsal view (Figs 4A-D, 7A-B, 9A-E, 12A-B, 17A) 10 8(7) Clypeal process indistinct, pointed (Fig. 27A-D). Median portion of embolus only slightly bent, about as deep as base of embolus; sub - terminal lamella short, triangular or rounded, distad-directed; embolic part tapering, abruptly bent ventrad (Fig. 28). No remnants of lateral opisthosomal plates; no or only few microplates on posterior side of opisthosoma interconnected. Western Sumatra Ppicea Clypeal process indistinct, asymmetrically pointed (Fig. 30A-B). Median portion of embolus strongly bent, distinctly deeper than base; 592 P. J. SCHWENDINGER subtenninal lamella a broadly and obliquely truncate lobe; embolie part a small pointed tooth with slightly bent tip, directed ventrad (Fig. 30C-H). No remnants oflateral opisthosomal plates; five distinct strap- likehorizontalplates onposteriorside ofopisthosoma. Western Sumatra P korinchica Clypeal process distinct, pointed (Fig. 34A-B). Median portion of embolus strongly bent, as deep as or only slightly deeper than base of embolus; subterminal lamella a narrowly rounded, distad-directed lobe; embolic part indistinct, a short, widely rounded lobe (Fig. 34D-G). Remnants oflateral plates in anteriorportion ofopisthosoma; no oronly few microplates in bands on posterior side of opisthosoma inter- connected. Southern Sumatra P. selatan sp. n. 9(7) Clypealprocess long(occupyingmorethan20% ofcarapace length; Fig. 15A-B); ventral side ofmetatarsus I with proximally swollen, strongly sigmoid setae on low tubercles (Fig. 36G); embolus short, slightlybent, median portion with small prodorsal tooth; no ventrad-directed sub- apical lamella; apex deep, distinctly bifid, carrying a group ofspinuli- form microtrichia and a bulge prolaterally (Fig. 15C-T). Peninsular Malaysia P cerastes Clypealprocessmedium-sized(10-15%ofcarapace length; Fig. 19A-F); metatarsus I ventrally without strongly sigmoid setae; embolus long, strongly sigmoid, median portion straight; a triangular, ventrad-directed subapical lamellabelowshallow,hook-shapedapex; subterminal lamella very indistinct, distad-directed, embolic part tapering (Fig. 19G-J). Western Sumatra P harau sp. n. Clypeal process medium-sized (10-15% of carapace length; Fig. 31A-D); metatarsus I ventrallywithout strongly sigmoid setae; embolus long, strongly sigmoid, its apex slightly deeper than median portion, lanceolate, with a short, widely rounded, dorsad-directed subtenninal lamella; no ventral subapical lamella (Fig. 32B-F). Southern Sumatra . . P deelemanae sp. n. 10(7) Cymbiumshort, itsapexstronglyreducedandwidelytruncate (Fig. 10C, D); palpal organ exceptionally stout, without marked transitionbetween bulbus and embolus (Fig. 10A-B, E). NortheasternThailand P. egregia sp. n. . . Cymbium long, its apex well-developed, narrow and pointed (Figs 5A-C, 7G-I, 13A-C); palpal organwith marked transition betweenvolu - minous bulbus and slender embolus (Figs 5A-B, 7G-H, 13A-B) 11 11(10)Clypeal process hourglass-shaped in dorsal view, its distal margin strongly arched (Fig. 17A); retrolateral margin ofchelicera with weak (in female more pronounced) median bulge (Fig. 17B); metatarsus I ventrally with strongly sigmoid, proximally swollen setae on slightly elevated bases (as in Fig. 36G); apex ofembolus not much deeper than base, indistinctly divided into small, narrowly rounded or pointed sub- terminal lamella and larger, more widely rounded, lobate embolic part (Fig. 17D-E). Peninsular Malaysia P coryne REVISION OFPERANIA 593 Clypeal process anvil-shaped in dorsal view, its distal margin slightly arched or straight (Figs 4A, C-D, 7A, 12A); metatarsus I ventrally without strongly sigmoid setae; apex ofembolus different 12 12(11)Apex ofembolus with fourdistincttips (two on eachpart ofdeeply split apex),threeofthemlong, shallowandpointed, oneofthemshort, deeper and rounded (Fig. 13A-B, D-G). Western and eastern Thailand R quadrifurcata sp. n. Apex of embolus different, if four tips present, then three ofthem on embolic part ofsplit apex and not pointed (Figs 2I-J, M-N, 5A-B, D-G, 7G-H) 13 13(12)Deep and lobate subterminal lamella clearly surpassing shallow pointed embolic part without a dorsal lobe (Fig. 5A-B, D-G). Western Thailand Rferox sp. n. Subterminal lamella not or only indistinctly surpassing deep embolic part carrying a dorsal lobe 14 14(13)Subterminal lamella and embolic part not or only slightly overlapping, the former narrowly rounded, the latter broadly truncate (Fig. 2I-J). Northern Thailand P. nasuta Subterminal lamella and embolic part distinctly overlapping, the former narrowly rounded, the latter tripartite, its median process lobate, widely rounded and most prominent, its lower process small, digitiform and ventrad-directed (Fig. 7G-H). Northern Thailand R tumida sp. n. Subterminal lamella and embolic part distinctly overlapping, the former widely rounded, the latter indistinctly bipartite, its lower process large, deep, with pointed, distad-directed tip (Fig. 2M-N). Northern Thailand R nasicornis 15(1) “Thoracic” portion of carapace with a pair of long, pointed horns (Fig. 24D). Anterior opisthosomal plate entire, separated from pulmo- nary plate (Fig. 24H-I). Ventral wall of spermathecae with a pair of internal chambers separated from each other (Fig. 26B, E). Western Sumatra R armata “Thoracic” portion of carapace with a pair of indistinct humps (Fig. 2ID). Anterior opisthosomal plate entire, widely connected to pulmo - nary plate (Fig. 2IE). Ventral wall ofspermathecae with a pair ofinter- nal chambers connected to each otherby a median bridge (Fig. 23B, E). Western Sumatra R nigra “Thoracic” portion ofcarapace without modifications. Anterioropistho- somal plate more or less strongly fragmented, not connected to pulmo- nary plate (e.g. Fig. 311) 16 16(15)Eightmore orless complete strap-likehorizontalplates onposteriorside of opisthosoma (Fig. 37C). Ventral wall of spermathecae with a large pair ofexternal pockets (Fig. 18E-G) R utara sp. n. Only bands ofmicroplates on posterior side ofopisthosoma (as in Fig. 37D). Ventral wall ofspermathecae without external pockets 17 594 P. J. SCHWENDINGER 17(16)Ventral wall of spermathecae with a pair of internal chambers (Figs 20B-D, 23B-C, E-F, 26B-C, E-F, 29B-C, 33B-E, 35B-E) 27 Ventral side ofofspermathecae without internal chambers 18 18(17)Tibia I and metatarsus I usuallywith conical setal bases ventrally (as in Fig. 36H; only absent in oneP quadrifurcata sp. n. female examined) 19 Leg I always without conical setal bases 20 19(18)Clypealhump always distinct (Fig. 9F-J); spermathecaewithoutpostero- lateral compartments; anterior collar ofvulva surpassing spermathecae for almost their length; median zone of anterior collar distinctly less pigmentedthan lateral zones (Fig. 11). NortheasternThailand P. egregia sp. n. . Clypeal hump indistinct (Fig. 12G-H) or absent; each spermatheca with a distinctly separateposterolateral compartment; anteriorcollarofvulva not or only slightly surpassing spermathecae; median zone of anterior collar slightly less pigmented than lateral zones (Fig. 14A-D). Western to northeastern Thailand P. quadrifurcata sp. n. 20(18)Clypeal hump always present, distinct orindistinct (Fig. 7C-F); vulva as in Fig. 8. NorthemThailand P. tumida sp. n. Clypeal hump always absent; vulva different 21 21(20)Spennathecae with indistinctly outlined anterolateral porepatches lying in more or less distinct trenches (Figs 2L, P, 3F); ventral wall ofgenital atrium and posterior portion ofspermathecae only little less pigmented than porepatches (Figs 2K, O, 3E) 25 Spermathecae with strongly pigmented, distinctly outlined anterior porepatches on bulged surface, no trenches anterolaterally (Figs 2D, G, 16E-F, 17G); posterior portion of spermathecae unpigmented (Figs 16A-C, 17F); ventral wall ofgenital atrium pigmented orunpigmented .... 22 22(21) Ventral wall ofgenital atrium completely or partially pigmented (Figs 16A-D, 17F); metatarsus I ventrally with proximally swollen, strongly sigmoid setae on slightly elevatedbases (Fig. 36G) 23 Ventral wall ofgenital atrium largely unpigmented (except for a narrow marginal pigmentation); metatarsus I ventrallywithout strongly sigmoid setae 24 23(22)Porepatches ofvulva separated from each other by roughly their width (Fig. 16A-C, E-F). Ventral wall ofgenital atrium completely pigmented (Fig. 16A-D). Chelicerae unmodified. Peninsular Malaysia R cerastes Porepatches ofvulva separated from each other by much less than their width (Fig. 17F-G). Ventral wall ofgenital atrium pigmented in lateral thirds, median third unpigmented (Fig. 17F). Retrolateral surface of chelicerae distinctly bulged in the middle (Fig. 17C). Peninsular Malaysia R coryne 24(22)Spermathecae relatively small, widely separated from each other mm (Fig. 2D). Large spiders (5.8-6.6 carapace length). Northern Thailand and southern China R robusta Spennathecae relatively large, almost touching each other in the middle mm (Fig. 2G). Medium-sized spiders (4.7-5.4 carapace length). Southern Thailand R siamensis