, Nuytsia 12(1):59-74(I998) 59 A taxonomic revision ofthe genusByblis (Byblidaceae) innorthernAustralia AllenLowrie' and JohnG.'Conran^ '6 Glenn Place, Duncraig, Western Australia 6023 ^Department of Botany, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Abstract Lowrie,A. and Conran,J.G. AtaxonomicrevisionofthegenusByblis (Byblidaceae)innorthern Australia. Nuytsia 12(1): 59-74(1998).ThenorthernAustralian speciesofByblis (Byblidaceae)are revisedandillustrated. Twonewspecies, at/waf/ca Lowrie&Conranand5. rorida Lowrie& Conranarenamed. Byblisliniflorasubsp.occidentalis Conran&Lowrieisreducedtoasynonymof B. filifolia Planch., which is reinstated as a distinct species. Lectotypifications are provided for B.filifolia andB.linifloraSa\ish. Akey,tableanddistributionmapsforthefour taxainnorthern Australia arealso presented. Introduction Byblisliniflorasuhsp. occidentalis wasdescribed(Conran&Lowrie 1993), the existence ofathirdtaxon,referredtobythe manuscriptname aff.//«//Zora“Darwin”,wasrecorded. Thistaxon wasconsideredtobeanecotypeofB. liniflora, growing inwetterconditionsthan B. liniflora, andit waselectedtoretain B. aff liniflora “Darwin”withinB. liniflora pendingfurtherstudies. Meyers- Rice(1993)demonstratedthattwotaxa, B. aff. liniflora“Kununurra”(6./i///b//a)andJJ. aff. liniflora “Darwin”{B.aquatica)weTereproductivelyisolatedandFlisek(1996)concludedthatB.aff liniflora “Darwin”wassufficientlydistinctonmorphologicalgroundstoberegardedasadistinctspecies. TheaimofthecurrentstudywastorevisethetaxonomyofthegenusByblisSalisb. (Byblidaceae) innorthernAustraliabymeansofare-examinationofthetypematerialand adetailedexaminationof themorphologyandecologyofallmembersoftheplantgroup. Materialsand methods ExtensivefieldstudiesofthenorthernByblis taxa wereconductedbyAllenandPaulineLowriein the Kimberley in northern Western Australia andtheNorthern Territory from 1988 to 1996. Field- collectedseedsofB.aquatica (A.Lowrie10,74,891,897,932, 1117);B.filifolia (A. Lowrie722,771 1110, 1399, 1410, 1463);fi. liniflora (A. Lowrie 951, 1 107, 1389, 1413, 1416, 1462);and B. rorida 60 Nuytsia Vol. 12, No. 1 (1998) (A.Lowriel394, 1405,A.Lown'e&S.Geisens.n. lOFcb. 1995,/?./..//arrett250,617,825)weregrown inanunheatedglasshousein Perth during thesummerfrom 1989to 1996. TheearlycollectionsofByh/isaquatica, B.filifoUa andB.liniflora werecultivatedannuallyfrom thepreviousseason’shand-pollinatedseed. In 1996, B. rorida wascultivatedforthefirsttimewith B. aquatica, B.filifoliaand B. liniflora underidentical conditions. Seedwasgerminatedbyfirstsoakingtheseedinasolutionof10mlofgibberellicacidto1000mlof distilledwaterfor24hours. Seedwassurfacesownontosphagnumpeatmoss in 15cmdiam. plastic pots. Thepots werewateredfrombelowbystandingthem inatrayholdinga2cm depth ofwater. Natural sunlightwasprovided broken by30%shadecloth. Morphological descriptionsweredrawn upusingdried, spirit, fresh and cultivatedmaterial. The illustrationsweredrawnfromfreshmaterial. Taxonomictreatment Table 1 comparesthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofthefourspeciesof/Jy/i/w innorthernAustralia. Figure 1 providesageneralizedgeographical distribution forthesespecies. Table 1. Morphologicalcomparisonofthe fourspeciesofBybUs innorthernAustralia B. aquatica B.filifolia B. liniflora B. rorida Plants height upto5 cm ’ 20-60cm 5-15cm 6-30cm Sepals length 3-4mm 4.5-6.5mm 3-5.5mm 3.5-4.5mm stalked glands short short short long sessile glands absent absent absent present Corolla adaxialsurface purple mauve pinkishmauve mauve abaxialsurface purple white,yellow white white oryellow with mauve stripes Anthers length <filaments > filaments < filaments > filaments Seeds length 1-1.3mm 0.5-0.6mm 0.6-0.8mm 0.7-0.8mm longitudinalridges smooth, denticulate minutely minutely prominent denticulate denticulate. crenulate transverse ridges absent deep shallow shallow stems becoming much longer (up to 45 cm) but then straggling or floating A. Lowrie & J.G. Conran, A taxonomic revision ofthe genus Byblis in northern Australia 61 Figure 1. Generalized geographical distribution ofByblis in northern Australia A - Byblis aqvafica; B - B^ filifolia', C -B. linijlora; D - B. rorida. Keytothespecies ofByblisinnorthernAustralia Anthers shorterthan the filaments 2 1 1: Anthersas longas, or longerthan the filaments 3 2 Plants erect, bushy; pedicels as long as or longerthanthe leaves; mm seeds0.6-0.8 long,withminutelydenticulatelongitudinalridges and shallow transverse ridges between B.liniflora 2: Plants elongated, stragglingorfloating; pedicels as longas orshorterthan mm theleaves;seeds 1-1.3 long,withsmooth,prominentlongitudinalridges but no transverse ridges B.aquatica mm 3 Sepalsbearingglandularsetae0.7-1.5 long; pedicels (especiallynear theapex), sepalbasesandapicaljuvenileleafgrowthdenselycovered with sessile glands B.rorida mm 3: Sepalsbearingstalkedglands0.3-0.5 long;pedicelsandapicaljuvenile leafgrowthcoveredwith stalkedglands B.filifolia P 62 Nuytsia Vol. 12, No. 1 (1998) Byblis aquatica Lowrie& Conran, sp.nov. B. linifloT'QQSalisb. affinisscdpcdicGllis foliaaequantibus vcl cisbrcvioribus, fbliis sccus axcm majoremdispersis;axemajoreinstatujuvenilibrevitererecto,demumsupraherbaspropinquisinclinatis, sedinstatumaturoad45cm longosupraterraineffusosvel inhabitationibusinundatisnatantidiffert! Typus:OnRcdcliffeRoad,c. 1kmnorthofthejunctionwithElizabethValleyRoad,Noonamah,Northern Territory,12°44'S, 13T03’E,28April 1995,zt.Lowrie1117{holo:PERTH04658906;iso:DNA,MEL). Afibrous-rootedannualherbwith leavesscatteredalongan elongatedmajoraxis,upto5cmlong anderect whenJuvenile,5-15 cm longand leaningonnearbyherbswhen older, 15-45cm longand stragglingovertheground orfloatingwhenthehabitatfloodsinthewetseason. Leaves terete,tapering towardsasmallapicalknob-likeswelling,2-4cm(mostly3-3.5cm)long,greenishmaroon,coveredwith numerousviscid,stalkedinsectivorousglands.Inflorescenceofsolitaryaxillaiyflowers,many-flowered butfewflowersopcnatthesametime. /’en'/ce/i’1.5-3cm(mostly2-2.5cm)long. Sepalsovate,3-4mm mm long, 1.2-1.5 wide,glandsstalked,almostglabrous. Petalsobovate,adaxialandabaxialsurface purple,5-7mmlong,2.5-4.5mmwide,marginsentire,apexcrenate.Stamens5,filaments2-2.5mmlong, anthers 0.9-1.3 mm long. Ovary 0.8-1 mm long, with a few glands on the apex atanthesis. Style 2-2.5mmlong;stigmawithnumerouspapillae. Capsulebroadlyobovoid,3-4mmlong,2.5-4mmwide. mm Seeds 1-1.3 long, black, with smooth, prominent longitudinal ridges butno transverseridges. (Figure2) Otherspecimensexamined. NORTHERN TERRITORY: HowardRiver, 3 Apr. 1988,/!. Lowrie 10 (PERTH);near“DryDump”,ElrundieRoad,Palmerston, l4Apr. \99Q,A.Lowrie74(PERTH); .6km 1 SEofChungWallTerrace,onElrundieRoad,Palmerston,23Apr. 1994,/!.Lovm'e891 (PERTH);Gunn PointRoad. c. 1kmnorthwardsofHowardRiverBridge,HowardSprings, 24Apr. 1994,A.Lowrie897 (PERTH);onHopewellRoad, IkmfromBerrySprings,27Apr. 1994,/!.lour/e932(PERTH);Noonamah pumpingstation,7Jan. 1991, .Simmons 14(PERTH);17.7kmfromBerrySpringsalongCoxPeninsular RoadheadingtoMandorah,31 Mar. 1991,P.Simmons s.n. (PERTH). DLslrihution. Byblisaquaticaisdistributed from Darwinto BerrySpringsintheNorthernTerritory. Habitat.ByblisaquaticagrosNSin fineclayeysandinwetseason-floodeddepressionsandontheshores of freshwaterlagoonsin shallowwater. Floweringperiod. January to May. Conservationstains. Byblisaquatica isacommon species intheNorthern Territoryand iscurrently not underthreat. Etymolog}!. Theepithet,aquatica, istaken fromtheLatin,aquaticus-growinginwater. Affinities. Inthe Darwin region Byblisaquaticaand B. linifloraarcoften foundneareachother, but alwaysindifferent habitatniches. InthecaseofB.aquatica thehabitatisalwaysfloodedtoashallow depth in the wetseason, whereas B. liniflora is restrictedtothenearbyhigher, well drainedsoils. Byblisaquaticahas the following features thatdiffer from thoseof B. liniflora, the contrasting featuresofthelatterbeinggiveninparentheses: flowerspurple(flowerspinkishmauve); leavesgreenish A. Lowrie & J.G. Conran, A taxonomic revision ofthe genus Byblis in northern Australia 63 Figure 2. Byblisaquatica A - habitofplant in flower; B - leafsection; C - sepal; D - petal; E - gynoecium; F - stamens and gynoecium; G -seed capsule. Scale barfor all = 1 mm. Drawn fromA. Lowrie 1117. 64 Nuytsia Vol. 12, No. I (1998) maroon(leavespalegreen);plantsinthebeginning shortlyerect andself-supportedwhenjuvenileup to 5cmlong,erect,butleaningonnearbyherbswhenolderand5-15cmlong, laterstragglingoverthe soilsurfaceorfloatingwhenthehabitatisfloodedinthewetseasonand 15-45 cm longwiththeapex oftheplanterectfromthehorizontallypositionedmajoraxisandfreeofthesoilorwatersurface(plants terrestrial,bush-like). Byblisfilifolia Planch.(Planchon 1848:305-306). 7>/5e.-NorthwestcoastofNewHolland[Australia], nodais,Bynoes.n. inHerb.Hook. (lecto. heredesignated:K);singlespecimenonsharedsheet, labelled “B.filifolia N. W. Coast, Australia,nodate,Bynoes.n"inHerb. Hook,{isolecto: K). & Byblisliiiiflora?,uhs,^.occidentalisConran Lowrie(Conran&Lowrie1993: 175-179).7>/5e.-Vansittart Bay,unnamedcreekrunningintoPaulineBay,mouthofcreekabovetidalinfluence,WesternAustralia, 22May1984,S.J.Forbes2095{holo:PERTH01490281 (specimenonright);iso:PERTH(specimenon left),MEL,L). A fibrousrootedannualherbwith leavesscatteredalongaratherwoodymajoraxis,plantserect orleaningonnearbyherbsforsupport20-60cminheight. Leaves terete,taperingtowardsasmallapical knob-likeswelling,3-15cm(mostly4-8cm)long,coveredwith numerousviscid,stalkedinsectivorous glands. Inflorescenceofsolitaryaxillaryflowers,many-flowered, apicalclustersofmanyopenflowers areproducedatthepeak ofanthesis. Pedicels 3-10cm(mostly4-7 cm) long. obcuneate or mm mm lanceolate,4.5-6.5 long, 1.2-1.8 wide,surfaceandmarginsdenselyglandular. Petalsohovaie, mauve,abaxialsurfacewhite,yelloworyellowwithmauveradiatingstripes,10-15mmlong,9-10mmwide, marginsentire,apexirregularlyserrate.Stamens5,filaments1-3mmlong,anthers2.5-3.5mmlong. Ovary 1.2-1.5mmlong,denselyglandularontheapexatanthesis. Style4.5-5.5mmlong,apexwithnumerous papillae. Capsulebroadlyobovoid, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide. Seeds 0.5-0.6mm long, with denticulate longitudinalridgesanddeep transverseridgesbetween. (Figure 3) Otherspecimensexamined. WESTERNAUSTRALIA: DeGrey River, 1940, N.T Burbidge 1006 W (PERTH);c.5km ofBeverleySpringsHomestead, 12Aug.1975,.4,5.George 12237(PERTH);Weaber PlainsRoad, 1 Apr. 1988,A.Lowrie6(PERTH); GibbRiverroad,DawnCreekcrossing, 18June 1993, A.Lowrie722(PERTH);GibbRiverroad,RussCreekcrossing,25June1993,A.Lowrie111 (PERTH); 2kmNoftheKingEdwardRivercrossing,Kimberley,23June 1994,/t.Zowne970(PERTH);3.5kmSE ofHoneymoonBeach,NWofKalumburu,26June 1994,A.Lowrie 1006(PERTH);DominicCreekon theroadtoPagoMission,26 June 1994,A.Lowrie 1008(PERTH);UnamonCreekontheroadtoPago Mission,26June 1994, A.Lowrie 1020(PERTH);OnGibbRiver-KununuiraroadatRoily’sJumpup, DurackRiverStation,28 June\994, A.LoM>rie 1040(PERTH); 15kmWofKununurra,26Apr. 1995, A.Lowrie 1 1 IO(PERTH);KingEdwardRivercrossing,Kimberley,26Apr. 1996,A.Lowrie 1399(PERTH); c. 0.5kmWofLittleMerten’sCreekHelipad,28Apr. 1996, A. Lowrie 1410(PERTH);45.4kmEof Kununurra.8May1996,WA.Lowrie 1463(PERTl1);c. I kmNofTaylor’slagoon,26June1997,A.Lowrie 1698(PERTH); 6.2km ofTaylor’sLagoon,26June \991,A.Lowrie1704(PERTH);Miangii,Eside ofVansittartBay,Kimberley,25Mar. 1993, A.A.Mitchell2922(PERTH);PortHedlandairport,28June 1969, H.vanDam 122(AD,PERTH). NORTHERNTERRITORY: Nearwatercourse44kmSWofHookerCreeksettlement, 5Apr. 1959, 1 G. Chippendale s.n. (PERTH); Woolaning,4Apr. 1981, C.R. Dunlop&.L. Craven 5923 (PERTH); 147mile[235.2km]peg,StuartHighway,4Apr. 1965,A.S.George6517(PERTH);CoxRiverStation, 9Aug. 1977, T.S HenshaU1672(PERTH). Distribution. Byblisfilifolia isdistributedfrom thePortHedlandregiontotheLittleSandyDesertand GreatSandyDesert;throughouttheKimberleyinWesternAustralia andadjoiningregionsinNorthern Territory; andsouth-westofthe KatherineregiontowardstheTanami Desert. A. Lowrie & J.G. Conran, A taxonomic revision ofthe genus Byblis in northern Australia 65 66 Nuytsia Vol. 12, No. i (1998) Habitat. Byblisfdifolia grows in sandysoilsinsavannahwoodland, insandysoilsonriverandcreek margins, fresh water seepage areas, watersheds in sandy loam and in skeletal soils over sandstone pavements. Floweringperiod. March to June. Affinities. 5v/7/«///;/o//acanbereadilydistinguishedfrom5. aqiiaticaandB. liniflora byitsanthers aslongas,orlonger thanthefilamentsandfrom B.rorida byhaving plants erectorleaningonnearby herbsforsupportand20-60 cm in height;denselyglandularsepals; andbythe lackofsessileglands on thepedicels, sepal bases andapicaljuvenile leafgrowth. Conservationstatus. Byblisjilifolia isacommonspeciesthroughout theKimberleyregionofnorthern Western Australia and not underthreat. Etymology.Theepithet,/?///b//u',istakenfromtheLatin,fdum-thread,andfolium-leaf,describingthe filifomi leaves,especiallyinpressedspecimensofthisspecies(Sharr 1996). Lectolypification.Thelectotypeconsistsoffourspecimens12.9cmtall,nearthetopontheirownsheet. Theisolectotypeisasinglespecimenofasimilarheight,labelled6yWAy?///o//afromthesamecollection ofBynoeonasharedsheetwith“fi.//«(77ora, GulfofCarpentaria(remaininghandwrittennotesunclear)” and"'B.fdifolia, Sturt’sCreek,F. Mueller.” Notes. Examination ofthe Cibachrome photographs ofthe type specimens ofByblis caeridea and B.fdifolia indicated bothtaxashouldbe placed insynonymyunderS./mfy/oraSalisb.becauseoftheir small size and stature which closely resembled both the type description and illustration for B. linifora (Conran&Lowrie 1993). However,subsequent detailedexaminationofthetypematerial ofB.fdifolia(including the stamenshidden bythepetals intheCibachromephotographs)provided convincingevidencethat B.fdifolia isreferabletoB. liniflora^.ixhsip.occidentalis. Completestamens withanthers3 mm longandfilaments 1 mm long wereobservedon twoof thefivespecimensofthe Bynoesheets. Theremainingthreespecimenswereinfruit. Thekeycharacter(anthersas longas,or longerthanthe filaments), separates B./////b//a from B. liniflora. TheS. caerulea typesheetcopy (BM)aswellas examinationofspecimenslabelledS.caeruleaat(K)confirmedthatB.caeruleashould remainasasynonymunder B. liniforaSalisb. Therearealso threespecimens labelled "Byblisfdifolia?\.Stmt'sCxaek, F. Mueller" (locatedat thebottomoftheherbariumsheet withthesingleBynoespecimenofB.fdifoliaabove).Thestamens of these Mueller specimens also possess anthers that are longer than the filaments, similar to the B.fdifolia Bynoecollection. Noprecise locationdetailsaregiven, butSturt’sCreekis locatedinthe aridinlandregion ofeastKimberley,WesternAustraliaandtheadjoiningregion inNorthernTerritory borderingtheTanamiDesert. BenjaminBynoewas the ship’ssurgeonandnaturaliston//.M5Beag/e (whichonanothervoyage carriedCharlesDarwinaroundtheworld) undertaking maritimesurveysforTheBritishHydrographic OfficeunderthecommandofJohnLortStokes1837-1843(Hordern 1989). Thefivespecimencollection ofByblisfdifolia labelled “N.W.Coast,NewHolland,Bynoe” was collected fromthe tropicalnorth- westcoastregionofAustralia.nowknownastheKimberley,somewherebetweenRoebuckBayandthe PrinceRegentRiver. H.M.S.Beagle‘ssurveyinggroundsintheKimberleywerereachedbysailingfrom theSwanRiverinsouth-westWesternAustralia,towhichtheylaterreturned,from JanuarytoMay 1838 (the wetseason in northern Australia). A. Lowrie & J.G. Conran, A taxonomic revision ofthe genus Byblis in northern Australia 67 Exactlywhere Bynoe collectedhis specimens on the north-westcoastis not recorded, however, Byhlis is common in freshwaterseepage areas, watersheds, creek and rivermargins throughout the Kimberley,includingcoastalregions. Bynoecouldhavecollectedhisspecimensfromanyofamultitude ofsuitablefreshwaterhabitats(inthewetseason) justabovethehightideshorelinebetweenRoebuck Bayand PrinceRegentRiveralongthenorthwestcoastalregionsoftheKimberley. Additionally,he undertookmanyshortexplorationsinlandintheKimberleyregiontohuntand collectnaturalhistory specimens. InApril \995Byblisfilifolia{A.Lowrie 1110PERTH)wasdiscoveredcoexistingwithf?. liniflora (A.Lowrie1107PERTH)atanewlyexploredlocation15kmwestofKununurra,WesternAustralia.The habitatconsistsofsandyloamsoiIcoveredinmostpartsbyafilmofwater(attheendofthewetseason) which supportsalowopensedgefieldalongwiththeothercarnivorousplantsUlricidariachrysantha R.Br.,Utriculariatridactyla P.TaylorandDroseraindicaL. BothByblistaxaoccurredinreasonable numbers scatteredthroughoutthe habitat, and in afew areaswithin thiswet habitatthetwospecies were observed growing side by side. In this area, B. liniflora was confined to the wetter ground; B.filifolia alsogrew on thesurroundinghigher, well-drainedsandysoils inas.sociationwithD/'ojera ordensis Lowrie. Inthishabitat, thstwoByblistaxaclearlydifferfromeachother. Specimensof5.///(/b//aarelarge robustplants20-60cmtall, whereas specimensofB. liniflora aresmallplants5-15cmtall. Aswellas theoverallsizedifferencebetweenbothtaxa,the key morphologicalcharacterofS.y?/;/o//a bearing anthersaslongas,orlongerthanthefilamentsandB.liniflorabearinganthersshorterthanthefilaments heldtruewithallspecimensexaminedthroughoutthehabitat. Athoroughsearchwasmadeoftheentire locationpayingparticularattentiontoestablishing ifintermediateformsexisted betweenbothspecies. Despite extensiveexplorationofthehabitatovertwodays,nointermediateformswerefound. In May 1996,45.4kmeastofKununurra B.filifolia (A.Lowrie1463 PERTH)was againfoundgrowing with B. liniflora(A.Lowrie 1462PERTH) inasimilarhabitat. Atthislocation thetwotaxamaintainedtheir distinctivemaximumheightdifferences. Thesetwoobservationsatwidelyseparatedlocations confirm thatB.filifolia and B. liniflora cancoexistwitheachotherwithoutapparentlyhybridizing,providing furtherJustification totreatboth taxaasdistinctentities. Inastudyconductedby Meyers-Rice(1993), thoiaWwoo^Byblisfilifolia toproduceseedwhen crossedwith B. aquatica, indicatedreproductiveisolation. Theauthorconcludedthat B.aquatica and B.filifolia aredifferentspeciesandrecommendedthattheybeformallydescribed. & Byblisliniflora Salisb. (Salisbury Hooker1808:t.95).-PsychelinfluraSaWdh.nom.inval. (Salisbury & Hookerloc. cit). Type: Illustrationtab. 95 in Salisbury&Hooker(/oc. cit.)asPsycheliniflora. Bybliscaerulea R.Br.exPlanch.(Planchon1848: 306).Type:Australia: EndeavourRiver, [Queensland, Banks &Solander s.n. (holo: BM). Afibrousrootedannualherbwith leavesscatteredalongthemajoraxisforminganerectbush-like plant5-15cminheight. Leavesterete,taperingtowardsasmallapicalknob-likeswelling,2-8cm(mostly 3-5 cm) long, covered withnumerous viscid, stalked insectivorousglands. Inflorescenceofsolitary axillaryflowers,many-floweredbutfewflowersopenatthesametime. Pedicels3-9cm(mostly4-6cm) mm long. Sepalslanceolate,3-3.5 long,1-1.3mmwide,surfaceandmarginsmoderatelyglandular. Petals obovate,pinkishmauve,abaxialsurfacewhite, 5-8mmlong, 3-4mmwide,marginsentire,apexcrenate. StamensS, filaments2-2.5mmlong, anthers l-1.5mmlong. (Tvar}^0.9-1.2mmlong,withafew glands 68 Niiytsia Vol. 12, No. 1 (1998) ontheapexatanthesis. Style2.5-3.5mmlong,apexwithnumerouspapillae.Capsule broadlyobovoid, 2.5-4mmlong,4.5-6mmwide.Seeds0.6-0.8mmlong,withminutelydenticulatelongitudinalridgesand shallowtransverseridgesbetween,producinghoneycomb-likesculpturing. (Figure4) Otherspecimensexami^^ed.'^E'SlERS^^\}STKAL\^. 15kmWofKununurra, 26Apr. l995,/t.Z,owne 1107(PERTH); 16.1kmWofKununurra, 18Apr. 1996,AEowne 1389(PERTH);MitchellFallswalk trail,Kimberley,28Apr. 1996,21.Lowrie 1413(PERTH);AboveLittleMerten’sFalls,Kimberley,28Apr. 1996,A. Lowrie 1416 (PERTH); On coastc. 15 km W ofMount Andcrdon, Kimberley [helicopter collection], 2May1996,/!.Zowne 1432(PERTH);SummitofMountTrafalgar,Kimberley[helicopter collection], 2May\996,A. Lowrie 1433(PERTH);5.1 kmEofKununurra,8May1996,/!.Lowne 1461 (PERTH);45.4kmEofKununurra, 8May1996,yl.Lowrie 1462(PERTH);JustoutsideKununurrameat works,4Mar. 1993,A.A.Mitchell2849(PERTH,BROOME);BeverleySpringshomestead,Kimberley, \9-26Mny \919,B.a. Muiretal. 796B (sheet2/2PERTH01490249)*. NORTHERNTERRITORY:SendofOwstonAve,Palmerston,8Apr. 1990,A.Lowrie48(PERTH);Near “WDryDump”ElrundieRoad,Palmerston,14Apr. 1990,A.Lowrie75(PERTH);BerrimahRoad,3.5km ofStuartHighway,Darwin, 29Apr. l994,/l.Z.ow/7e951 (PERTH);OwstonAve,Palmerston,9Mar. 1991, ASimmonss.n.(PERTH). QUEENSLAND:c. 10miles[16km]NofKennedy,15May1973,/?. 1382(PERTH);UpperMurray Riverturnoff(Nroad)fromHighway 1,21 Aug. 1983,/?. Nash 1824(PERTH); Atsouthernturnoffto UpperMurrayRiver,northCardwell,onHighway 1,21 Aug. \9S3,R.Nash I857(PERTH). Distribution. Byblis linijlora is widespread throughout the northern regions ofWestern Australia, Northern TerritoryandQueensland. Habitat. Byblis liniflora grows in sandy soils, clayey sand and in skeletal soils over sandstone pavements. Floweringperiod. March to August. Conservationstatus. Byblislinijlora isacommonspeciesthroughoutnorthernAustraliaandnotunder threat. Etymology. Theepithet,linijlora,istakenfromtheLatin linum-flax,andJloris-Lower(Sharr 1996). , Affinities. Byblis liniflora can be readily distinguished from B.filifolia and B. rorida by its anthers shorterthan thefilaments and from B. aquaticaby itsterrestrial bush-likeplanthabit, pinkish mauve flowers, pedicels as longor longerthan the leaves and moderatelyglandularsepals. Notes. The description for/?v/i//5/m/T/oraby Salisburyandthe illustrationby Hooker(Salisbury& Hooker 1808) were based on cultivated material fromthe collection atCassiobury, in Hertfordshire. ArthurCapcl, firstEarlofEssex,hadanotedseventeenth-centurygardenherewhich atthetimewas reported by Salisbury to contain some ofthe finest New Holland (Australian) plants in England. Cassioburycouldonly havebeensuppliedwithseedmaterialofB.linijlora asthespeciesisanannual. Itisrecordedthat A.Gordon,aLondonnurseryman,obtainedtheoriginalmaterial ofByblislinijlora from thethencolonyofNew South Waleswhich atthetime includedQueensland. * Reassignment of a collection previously filed with B.G. Muir et at. 796A and cited in Conran & Lowrie (1993).