A taxonomic revision of Symplocos Jacq. (Symplocaceae) in Australia L.W. Jessup Summary Jessup, L.W. (2011). A taxonomic revision of Symplocos Jacq. (Symplocaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 8(3): 225-251. The Australian taxa in the genus Symplocos are revised. Nineteen species are recognised and separate identification keys are provided for flowering and fruiting material. Symplocos boonjee Jessup, S. bullata Jessup and S. oresbia Jessup are described as new species, four taxa are raised in rank to species viz. S. gittinsii Jessup, S. glabra Jessup, S. puberula Jessup and S. wooroonooran Jessup and one new variety, S. cyanocarpa var. pilosa Jessup is described. Key Words: Symplocaceae, Symplocos, Australia flora, Queensland flora. New South Wales flora, Symplocos boonjee, Symplocos bullata, Symplocos cyanocarpa var. pilosa, Symplocos gittinsii, Symplocos glabra, Symplocos oresbia, Symplocos puberula, Symplocos wooroonooran, new species, identification key Laurence W. Jessup, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: [email protected] Introduction Symplocos Jacq. is a predominantly Mueller (1862) was the first to recognise pantropical genus of over 320 species with Symplocos in Australia (S. thwaitesii F.Muell.) highest species diversity in Asia, Malesia and and followed this with a second new species (S. the New World (Wang et al. 2004; Fritsch et stawellii F.Muell.) (Mueller 1865). Bentham al. 2006, 2008). Symplocos has been usually (1869) recognised Symplocos thwaitesii but regarded as the sole generic representative applied the name S. spicata var. australis of the Symplococeae with division into four Benth. to specimens of S. stawellii. Bailey subgenera and various sections based upon (1890) described Symplocos paucistaminea floral structure (Brand 1901). Molecular F.Muell. & F.M.Bailey ex F.M.Bailey and in phylogenies to date have not supported Bailey (1900b) treated the other Australian this classification and have resulted in the species in the same sense as Bentham elevation of Symplocos section Cordyloblaste (1869). Brand (1901) reinstated the name to generic rank (as Cordyloblaste Hensch. Symplocos stawellii and described the Lord ex Moritzi) and the recognition of only two Howe Island species S. candelabrum Brand. subgenera and relatively few sections and Nooteboom (1975) revised the Old World series in Symplocos (Fritsch et al. 2008). This species creating a large number of synonyms infrageneric classification of the genus is and four subspecies and thirty-four varieties based on DNA sequence data from five genic under the apparently polymorphic species regions (for 90 species) and 51 morphological Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.Moore. characters (Fritsch et al. 2008). For the He followed with a modified treatment of Australian region, all taxa can be classified Australian Symplocos in Nooteboom (1981). into Symplocos (subgenus Symplocos) Smith (1978, 1982) chose not to follow section Lodhra G.Don (Fritsch et al. 2008) Nooteboom’s broad taxonomic concept in his and represents a major departure from that treatment of the Fijian species as did Green proposed by Nooteboom (1975). (1994) in the Oceanic Islands volume of the Flora of Australia. Since 1981 new taxa from Australia have been recognised and some taxa that were Accepted for publication 2 September 2011 placed in synonymy by Nooteboom have continued to be recognised as distinct in 226 Austrobaileya 8(3): 225-251 (2011) the field and in the herbarium particularly Taxonomy as more collections have been made (Jessup Symplocos Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 5, 24 1993, 1994, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2010). Also (1760). Type species: S. martinicensis Jacq. all of the Australian varieties described by Nooteboom under Symplocos cochinchinensis Trees or shrubs, dioecious, polygamous subsp. thwaitesii (F.Muell.) Noot. are now or hermaphroditic. Leaves mostly spirally well-collected throughout their natural range arranged, simple, penninerved, serrate, and are represented in the herbarium by dentate, or entire, exstipulate. Inflorescence quality specimens that exhibit several distinct spicate, racemose, a thyrse or a panicle, or correlating character states sufficient to allow flowers solitary or fasciculate, axillary, rarely recognition as species. In this paper four terminal. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual or previously described taxa are raised in rank often functionally unisexual, subtended by to species and three new species and one new a bract and 2 bracteoles. Ovary inferior or variety are described. rarely semi-inferior. Hypanthium completely adnate to ovary. Calyx limb epigynous, Materials and methods mostly 5-lobed; lobes imbricate, persistent. This paper is based on herbarium collections in Corolla gamopetalous but divided to near BM, BRI, CANB, CNS (previously QRS), K, base into 3-10 petals (5 in Australian species), L, MEL and NSW and some field observations quincuncially imbricate, white, cream or pink. by the author. All specimens cited have been Stamens few to many, connate only at base, seen by the author. Descriptions of flowers adnate to the base of the corolla, pentadelphous were prepared from material preserved in alternipetalous bundles or (not in Australia) in FAA or 70% alcohol and glycerol or monadelphous; filaments terete. Anthers reconstituted by briefly boiling in water. bilocular, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally. Descriptions of fruit were prepared from Disc inside staminal ring. Ovary 2-5-locular both dried and alcohol preserved material. (3-locular in Australia) with 2-4 anatropous Common abbreviations in the specimen ovules per locule. Placentation axile but septa citations are F.R. (Forest Reserve), L.A. separating distally. Style 1, stigma simple, (Logging Area), N.R (National Park), S.F.R./ capitate or peltate. Fruit a monopyrenous S.F. (State Forest Reserve/State Forest), T.R. drupe, crowned by persistent calyx lobes, (Timber Reserve). The abbreviation NCA frequently 1-celled and 1-seeded by abortion; is for the Queensland Nature Conservation mesocarp fleshy or not; endocarp hard, smooth Act 1992 and its associated regulations. The or longitudinally ridged, with an apical abbreviation EPBC refers to the Environment depression. Seed with copious endosperm; Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act embryo straight or curved. 1999 The genus includes 300-350 species in tropical, subtropical and temperate parts of Asia, Malesia, North and South America, the West Indies, the Pacific islands and Australia. Nineteen species occur in Australia. Jessup, Symplocos in Australia 227 Fig. 1. Symplocos ampulliformis. A. part of inflorescence with flowers and buds x 4, Gray 3362 (BRI). B. fruit x 2, Hyland 13459 (BRI). C. leafabaxial surface x fl Volck 1389 (BRI). .S', boonjee. D. inflorescence with flowers x 3, Gray 5575 (CNS). E. flower x 6, Hyland 14345 (CNS). F. fruit x 2, Gray 5575 (CNS). S. bullata. G. inflorescence with flowers x 3. H. leaf adaxial surface x 1.1. leaf abaxial surface x 1. G-I from Gray 2543 (BRI). Del. W.Smith. 228 Austrobaileya 8(3): 225-251 (2011) Key to Australian Symplocos taxa using flowering specimens 1 Inflorescence racemose or a panicle of shortly pedicellate flowers.2 1. Inflorescence spicate or a panicle or fascicle of sessile flowers, or flowers solitary, axillary.10 2 Lamina margins serrate or dentate, sometimes obscurely denticulate.3 2. Lamina margins denticulate or entire.7 3 Petiole up to 4 mm long.4 3. Petiole 5-17 mm long.5 4 Young branchlets appressed puberulous; petals 1.4—1.6 mm wide; stamens mostly 15-20.2. S. baeuerlenii 4. Young branchlets sparsely pilose with erect hairs; petals 2-2.5 mm wide; stamens 30-40 . 11. S. harroldii 5 Young branchlets, petiole and inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.6 5. Young branchlets, petiole and inflorescence appressed puberulous or pubescent.16. S. puberula 6 Calyx limb 1.7-2 mm long; stamens more than 40; petiole mostly 5-15 mm long.18. S. thwaitesii 6. Calyx limb 0.7-0.8 mm long; stamens less than 40; petiole mostly 20-30 mm long.5. S. candelabrum 7 Bracts up to 1.2 mm long; bracteoles up to 0.6 mm long; petals up to 4 mm long; stamens up to 20; style up to 2.5 mm long.8 7. Bracts 1-2.5 mm long; bracteoles 0.6-1.2 mm long; petals 4 mm long or more; stamens 30-50; style 3 mm long or more.9 8 Secondary veins mostly 7-9 pairs; basal ones not more acute and longer than distal ones; bracts caducous before anthesis; petals 2-2.5 mm long; disc and style glabrous. . 14. S. oresbia 8. Secondary veins mostly 4-6 pairs; basal ones more acute and longer than distal ones; bracts persistent to after anthesis; petals 3-3.7 mm long; disc and base of style puberulous.1. S . ampulliformis 9 Young branchlets glabrescent; lamina 2-6.5 cm long; inflorescence appressed puberulous; bracts ovate; style 3-3.5 mm long.19. S. wooroonooran 9. Young branchlets glabrous; lamina 7-15 cm long; inflorescence glabrous; bracts oblong; style 4.5-5 mm long.8. S. glabra 10 Young branchlets, petiole or inflorescence pilose, villous or pubescent with erect hairs.11 10. Young branchlets glabrous or puberulous; petiole glabrous; inflorescence glabrous, puberulous, or shortly appressed pubescent.16 11 Calyx densely pubescent outside.12 11. Calyx glabrous or sparsely pubescent outside.13 12 Secondary veins 6-12 pairs; inflorescence a few-flowered fascicle .7. S. cyanocarpa var. pilosa 12. Secondary veins mostly 15-20 pairs; inflorescence spicate with many flowers.5. S. crassiramifera Jessup, Symplocos in Australia 229 13 Sterile shoots rarely with cataphylls; twig hairs, reddish brown; midvein above pilose or villous.14 13. Sterile shoots bearing cataphylls; twig hairs white, hyaline or pale ginger brown; midvein glabrous above.15 14 Lamina in mature foliage bullate, margins more or less recurved.4. S. bullata 14. Lamina not bullate, margins flat.15. S. paucistaminea 15 Lamina sometimes bullate between veins, base mostly acutely cuneate, margins often recurved; bracts c. 2 mm long,; calyx lobes obtuse or rounded, entire or minutely denticulate.13. S. hylandii 15. Lamina not bullate, base rounded or cordate, margins plane; bracts 3-9 mm long; calyx lobes acute, ciliate.12. S. hayesii 16 Inflorescence axes usually branching above the base;.17 16. Inflorescence axes solitary or clustered, unbranched above the base or flowers fasciculate or solitary.21 17 Lamina margins crenulate and serrulate.17. S. stawellii 17. Lamina margins entire, rarely some denticulations evident.18 18 Stamens (12—)15—20.19 18. Stamens 30-70 . 20 19 Secondary veins mostly 7-9 pairs; basal ones not more acute and longer than distal ones; bracts caducous before anthesis; petals 2-2.5 mm long; disc and style glabrous.14. S. oresbia 19. Secondary veins mostly 4-6 pairs; basal ones often more acute and longer than distal ones; bracts persistent to after anthesis; petals 3-3.7 mm long; disc and base of style puberulous.1. S. ampulliformis 20 Petiole 3-10 mm long; inflorescence glabrous; bracts oblong; stamens mostly 30-50; style 4.5- mm long.9. S. glabra 20. Petiole 10-35 mm long; inflorescence sparsely appressed puberulous; bracts broadly ovate or depressed ovate; stamens mostly 60-70; style 3.5-4 mm long.8. S. gittinsii 21 Inflorescence usually several clustered axillary spikes to 1.5 cm long; bracts 1.2-1.5 mm long, sometimes denticulate, pubescent; style 2-2.5 mm long.10. S. graniticola 21. Inflorescence a fascicle, or flowers solitary; bracts 1.5 mm long or more; style 2.5-3.5 mm long.22 22 Calyx lobes 1-1.4 mm long; petals rounded; filaments pilose .7. S. cyanocarpa var. cyanocarpa 22. Calyx lobes 4-5.5 mm long; petals acute; filaments glabrous.3. S. boonjee 230 Austrobaileya 8(3): 225-251 (2011) Key to Australian Symplocos taxa using fruiting specimens 1 Dry fruit ampulliform (flask-shaped).2 1. Dry fruit globose, depressed globose, or ellipsoid to subcylindrical, rarely ovoid or obovoid.10 2 Young branchlets and petiole pilose or villous; infructescence spicate, pilose or villous.3 2. Young branchlets and petiole glabrous, puberulous, or appressed pubescent; infructescence paniculate, or racemose, glabrous or appressed pubescent.6 3 Dry fruit 5-6 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide.15. S. paucistaminea 3. Dry fruit 7-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide.4 4 Secondary veins 15-20 pairs.6. S. crassiramifera 4. Secondary veins 7-12 pairs.5 5 Midvein densely villous on upper (adaxial) surface of lamina.4. S. bullata 5. Midvein glabrous on upper (adaxial) surface of lamina.13. S. hylandii 6 Lamina margins not entire, sometimes teeth scarcely evident on recurved margins.7 6. Lamina margins entire.8 7 Young branchlets and petiole glabrous; lamina margins flat.18. S. thwaitesii 7. Young branchlets puberulous or pubescent; petiole glabrescent; lamina margins recurved.16. S. puberula 8 Secondary veins mostly 4-6 pairs; basal pair more acute and longer; style pubescent at base.1. S. ampulliformis 8. Secondary veins 7-12 pairs, not more acute and longer near base; style glabrous.9 9 Young branchlets puberulous or pubescent, glabrescent; fruit 5.8-6.3 mm long, 4-5.5 mm wide.19. S. wooroonooran 9. Young branchlets glabrous; fruit 10-15 mm long; 7-9 mm wide.14. S. oresbia 10 Infructescence a glomerule or fruit solitary at each node.11 10. Infructescence spicate or racemose, branched or unbranched.12 11 Fruit glabrous; calyx lobes 4-5.5 mm long.3. S. boonjee 11. Fruit usually not glabrous; calyx lobes 1-1.4 mm long.7. S. cyanocarpa 12 Lamina margins entire or sometimes obscurely denticulate.13 12. Lamina margins serrate or dentate.16 13 Fruit mostly obovoid (Lord Howe Island endemic).5. S. candelabrum 13. Fruit globose, ovoid or ellipsoid (Australian mainland).14 14 Lamina length usually 3-6 times width.10. S. graniticola 14. Lamina length usually less than 3 times width.15 15 Petioles 10-35 mm long. Pedicels 0-0.2 mm long; fruit 6-7 mm long; 4-5 mm wide. 8. S. gittinsii 15. Petioles 3-10 mm long. Pedicels 0.2-2 mm long; fruit 9-11 mm long; 8-10 mm wide. . 9. S. glabra Jessup, Symplocos in Australia 231 16 Secondary and tertiary veins raised above (adaxially) (dried leaves).17 16. Secondary and tertiary veins not raised above (adaxially).19 17 Young branchlets, bud scales and infructescence axis glabrous.18. S. thwaitesii 17. Young branchlets, bud scales and infructescence axis not glabrous.18 18 Young branchlets sparsely appressed puberulous; petiole 6-25 mm long; fruit 3.5-4.5 mm wide.17. S. stawellii 18. Young branchlets sparsely pilose with erect hairs; petiole 3-4 mm long; fruit 6-7 mm wide.11. S. harroldii 19 Shoots usually without cataphylls; lamina 0.7-2 cm wide, sparsely appressed puberulous on underside (abaxially), base acutely cuneate; fruit 4-9 mm long.2. S. baeuerlenii 19. Shoots usually bearing scattered cataphylls; lamina 2.5-5.5 cm wide, sparsely pilose on underside (abaxially), base rounded or cordate; fruit 15-20 mm long.12. S. hayesii 1. Symplocos ampulliformis C.T.White, Additional selected specimens examined: Queensland. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 50: 81 (1939). Cook District: N.P.R. 133, summit of Mt Sorrow walking track. Cape Tribulation, Nov 2000, Ford AF2524 et al. Type: Queensland. Cook District: Mt (BRI); S.F.R.144, Parish of Whypalla, Bower Bird L.A., Spurgeon, September 1936, C.T.White 10581 Dec 1987, Hyland 13459 (BRI, CNS); loc. cit., May 1989, (holo: BRI; iso: A n.v.; BM). Gray 5046 (BRI, CNS); S.F.R.144, Dasyurid L.A., Apr 1980, Gray 1682 (BRI, CNS); S.F.R.144, Chowchilla Illustrations: Hyland etal. (2010). L.A., Jul 1982, Gray 2663 (BRI, CNS); Mt Lewis, SW of Mossman, Aug 1957, Volck 1389 (BRI); S.F.R.143, Shrub or small tree to 10m. Shoots sparsely Parish of Riflemead, North Mary L.A., Dec 1984, Gray appressed puberulous, glabrescent; young 3758 (BRI); S.F.R.143, South Mary L.A., Aug 1973, branchlets glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; Irvine 612 (BRI); S.F.R.143, Parish of Riflemead, South lamina oblanceolate or elliptic, 4.5-12 cm Mary L.A., Gray 3362 (BRI, CNS); S.F.R.143, Parish of Riflemead, Carbine L.A., Nov 1987, Hyland 25249RFK long, 2-5 cm wide, acuminate at apex, (BRI); loc. cit., Jan 1985, Gray 3835 (BRI); S.F.R. 143, acute or attenuate at base, glabrous; margins Bushy L.A., Feb 1982, Hyland 11691(BRI); T.R.143, recurved, entire or nearly so; secondary Zarda L.A., Sep 1973, Hyland 2884RFK (BRI); Along veins mostly 4-6 pairs, the basal pair often Falchetti Track to the Mitchell Bomber crash site on the NE peak of Mt Bartle Frere, Jul 2001, Jago 6011 longer and more acute; petiole 4-10 mm & Gandini (BRI); Upper E Mt Bartle Frere, Oct 1985, long, glabrous. Inflorescence usually a cluster Godwin C2900 (BRI). of racemose axes to 2 cm long, glabrous or sparsely appressed puberulous, sometimes Distribution and habitat: This species is endemic to Queensland in the Wet Tropics and shortly branched near base; bracts and occurs on Mt Sorrow near Cape Tribulation, bracteoles ovate, puberulous or ciliate, the Mt Windsor Tableland, Mt Carbine persistent to anthesis, bracts c. 0.5 mm long, Tableland, in the vicinity of Mount Lewis, bracteoles c. 0.4 mm long. Calyx limb 0.6-0.8 and on Mt Bartle Frere (Map 1), in upland and mm long, sparsely puberulous, glabrescent; montane notophyll and microphyll vineforest lobes depressed ovate or rounded, 0.3-0.5 on granite, granodiorite (all upper montane mm long, glabrescent, margins ciliate. Petals localities) and phyllite substrates. oblong or narrowly obovate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, white, glabrous. Stamens (12—)15, 1.5-4 Phenology: Flowers are recorded from March mm long. Disc puberulous. Style c. 2.5 mm to May; fruit from January to July. long, puberulous at base. Fruit ampulliform to narrowly ovoid, 10-15 mm long, 5-6 mm Notes: This species was treated as Symplocos wide, blue to blue-black or purple-black. Fig. cochinchinensis var. montana (C.T.White) 1A-C. Noot. (as S. cochinchinensis subsp. thwaitesii var. montana) in Nooteboom (1982). 232 Austrobaileya 8(3): 225-251 (2011) Conservation status: Symplocos ampulliformis cit., Aug 1930, White 7059 (BM, BRI); Track to ‘Best of is currently listed as Near Threatened under the All’ Lookout, Springbrook, Jul 1977, McDonald 1946 & Elsol (BRI); End of Currumbin Valley road, Mt Cougal NCA. N.P., Nov 1992, Thomas 96 & Barry (BRI). New South Wales. Mt Nardi, Goommbar S.F., Feb 1979, Floyd 1194 (BRI); Whian Whian S.F., Jun 1945, White 12758 (BRI); loc. cit., Jun 1947, Hayes s.n. (BRI [AQ537353]); loc. cit., Nov 1949, White s.n. (BRI [AQ335709]); loc. cit., 1953- 1958, Webb & Tracey s.n. (BRI [AQ84368]); Minyon, near Mullimbimby, Aug 1936, White 10480 (BRI); Whian Whian, N of Lismore, Jun 1965, Smith 12303 et al. (BRI); c. 6 km W of Minyon Falls, Whian Whian S.F., Jul 1975, Williams s.n. (BRI [AQ504389]). Distribution and habitat: This species is endemic to south-east Queensland and north¬ east New South Wales where it occurs from the Macpherson Range near Springbrook, south to Lismore (Map 2), in microphyll and notophyll vineforests on substrates derived Map 1. Distribution of Symplocos ampulliformis from basalt and enriched rhyolite. 2. Symplocos baeuerlenii R.T.Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 27: 594, t. 28 (1902). Type: New South Wales. Tumbulgum, Murwillumbah, s.dat., W. Bauerlen s.n. (holo: NSW; iso: MEL). Illustrations: Floyd (1989: 396); Leiper et al. (2008: 336). Shrub or small tree to 10 m. Shoots and young branchlets puberulous. Leaves coriaceous; lamina narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm long, 0.7-2 cm wide, acuminate at apex, acute at base, glabrous or with a few hairs on Map 2. Distribution of Symplocos baeuerlenii midvein and undersurface; margins mostly Phenology: Flowers are recorded from July serrate; secondary veins mostly 7-10 pairs; to September; fruit in January and February. petiole 2-4 mm long, puberulous, glabrescent. Inflorescence racemose, to 0.6 cm or flowers Notes: This species was included under solitary, puberulous; pedicels to 1 mm long; Symplocos cochinchinensis var. montana bracts and bracteoles puberulous, semi- (as S. cochinchinensis subsp. thwaitesii var. persistent, bracts acutely triangular, 0.8-1.2 montana) in Nooteboom (1982). mm long, bracteoles ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm Conservation status: Symplocos baeuerlenii long. Calyx limb 0.7-1.1 mm long, glabrous; is currently listed as Vulnerable under the lobes depressed ovate or rounded, 0.5-0.8 NCA. mm long, glabrous. Petals obovate, 2-3 mm long, 1.4-1.6 mm wide, white, glabrous. 3. Symplocos boonjee Jessup species nova Stamens mostly 15-20, 1.5-3 mm long. Disc S. cyanocarpam simulans sed bracteis pubescent. Style 1.5-2.5 mm long, pubescent longioribus (2-5 mm contra 1.5-1.7 mm at base. Fruit ovoid, to 9 mm long, red. longis) bracteolis longioribus (2-3 mm contra 0.5-1 mm) sepalis longioribus (4-5.5 mm Additional selected specimens examined: Queensland. contra 1-1.4 mm) petalis ovatis acutis et Moreton District: Lyrebird Ridge Road, Springbrook filamentis glabris differt. Typus: Queensland. Plateau, Dec 1993, Grimshaw G259 (BRI); Springbrook, Aug 1945, Blake 15892 (BRI); loc. cit., Sep 1929, Rudder Cook District: Wooroonooran National Park, 4022 (BRI, L); loc. cit., Sep 1929, White 6265 (BRI); loc. Stockwellia site, 10 July 2000, P.I.Forster Jessup, Symplocos in Australia 233 PIF25915, R.Booth & R.Jensen (holo: BRI; Wooroonooran N.P, Combo Creek, Nov 1998, Forster isotypi distribuendi). PIF23990 et al. (BRI). Distribution and habitat: This species is Symplocos sp. (Boonjie B.P.Hyland 2753); endemic to the Wet Tropics of Queensland (Jessup 1994, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2010). where it is known from notophyll and Illustrations: Cooper & Cooper (2004: 538), mesophyll vineforests mostly on the western under Symplocos sp. (Boonjee); Hyland et side of Wooroonooran N.P, and nearby forest al. (2010), under Symplocos sp. (Boonjie remnants (Map 3), on metamorphic or basalt B.P.Hyland 2753). substrates. Shrub to 3 (-5) m. Shoots, cataphylls and young branchlets glabrous; cataphylls usually caducous. Leaves chartaceous; lamina narrowly obovate or narrowly oblanceolate, 4.5-11 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, acuminate at apex, acute or attenuate at base, glabrous; margins usually entire, slightly recurved; secondary veins mostly 5-7 pairs; petiole 3- 7 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence a solitary flower in axil of a leaf or cataphyll; the axis c. 1.5 mm long with up to 9 bracts or a fascicle with one open flower surrounded by several buds; lower bracts broadly ovate to depressed ovate, upper ones ovate to narrowly ovate, 3.5-5 mm long, persistent, sparsely appressed pubescent to nearly glabrous; margins denticulate, ciliate; bracteoles 2-3 mm long, similar to upper bracts. Calyx limb 4- 5.5 mm long; lobes narrowly ovate, acute, sparsely puberulous; margin denticulate, ciliate; tip incurved. Petals narrowly ovate, acute or obtuse, 3-3.5 mm long, 1.5-1.7 mm wide, cream to white, glabrous. Stamens Map 3. Distribution of Symplocos boonjee 35-40 in males, 25-30 in females, 0.8-3 mm long, filaments glabrous. Disc pilose. Style Phenology: Flowers are recorded from June 3-3.5 mm long (c. 0.5 mm in males), with a to February; fruit in July and August. few hairs at base, otherwise glabrous. Fruit Notes: Specimens of this species (e.g. Hyland oblong or ellipsoidal, c. 17 mm long and 3.5 2753) were tentatively included in Symplocos mm wide, glabrous, blue. Fig. 1D-F. cyanocarpa C.T.White in Nooteboom (1982). Additional selected specimens examined: Queensland. Cook District: E side of Mulgrave River, Goldsborough Etymology: The species epithet Valley, Jun 1995, Hunter JH3704 (BRI); Gadgarra S.F., commemorates a botanically rich but loosely S of Butchers Creek, Jun 1995, Hunter JH3904 (BRI); defined locality on the eastern edge of the S.F.R. 310, Swipers F.A., E of Malanda, Aug 1963, Atherton Tableland known as Boonjee or Hyland AFO/2753 (BRI); Swipers Flat, Wooroonooran Boonjie. For the sake of consistency the first N.P., Jul 1995, Forster PIF17138 & Figg (BRI); Boonjee F.A., near Bartle Frere track, Nov 1988, Jessup GJM362 alternative spelling is used as it has been used et al. (BRI); Russell River, Johnson s.n. (MEF46567); in the names Syzygium boonjee B.Hyland and Palmerston Track ridge, Feb 1995 Hunter JH1158 (BRI); Bulbophyllum boonjee B.Gray & D.L. Jones (= Breeden Property, Hughes Road, Topaz, Mar 1992, Adelopetalum boonjee (B.Gray & D.L.Jones) Cooper & Cooper 221 (CNS); T.R. 1230, Bartle Frere, D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.). Boonjee F.A., Sep 1992, Gray 5575 (CNS); S.F.R. 755, Bartle Frere, Gosschalk F.A., Nov 1991, Hyland 14345 Conservation status: Symplocos boonjee is (CNS); R.926, Kauri Reserve, Dirran, Oct 1987, Dansie only known from Wooroonooran N.P. At a 20166 (CNS); N.P.R. 904, along track between Coolamon Creek and Combo Creek, Oct 2000, FordAF2462 (BRI); few sites it has been recorded as common. 234 Austrobaileya 8(3): 225-251 (2011) Additional collections and observations are Jun 1995, Gray 6226 (BRI); loc. c/7., Dec 1995, Gray required to determine its area of occupancy 6479 (CNS photo); S.F.R. 652, Mt Fisher, May 1975, Hyland3I75RFK (BRI, CNS). and population numbers. Distribution and habitat: Endemic to the Wet 4. Symplocos bullata Jessup species nova Tropics of Queensland where it occurs in the 5. paucistamineam simulans sed foliis Mt Lewis to Mt Carbine Tableland area west bullatis, marginibus recurvis, stylis longibus of Mossman and with an outlier at Mt Fisher, (2-2.5 mm, contra 1.2-1.8 mm) et fructibus south of Millaa Millaa (Map 4). Grows in majoribus (8-9 x 3.5-4 mm, contra 5-5.8 x montane microphyll and notophyll vineforests 7.5-8 mm) differt. Typus: Queensland. Cook on granite substrates. District: State Forest Reserve 143, North Mary Logging Area, 25 April 1982, B.Gray 2543 (holo: BRI; iso: BRI, CNS). Symplocos sp. (North Mary B.Gray 2543); (Jessup 2002, 2007, 2010). Illustrations: Hyland et al. (2010), under Symplocos sp. (North Mary B.Gray 2543). Dioecious tree to 15 m. Shoots and young branchlets yellowish brown or reddish- brown to dark brown villous, cataphylls rarely evident. Leaves thinly coriaceous or chartaceous; lamina lanceolate, elliptic, obovate or oblanceolate, 4-14 cm long, 1.2-5 cm wide, acuminate at apex, cuneate, acute or scarcely obtusely so or obtuse, truncate or rounded at base, mature leaves bullate between main veins, glabrescent above, pilose below; margins obscurely denticulate or entire, recurved; secondary veins mostly 7- 12 pairs, usually depressed on upper surface; petiole 4-11 mm long, pilose. Inflorescences spicate, to 5 cm, pilose; bracts and bracteoles ovate, densely reddish-brown pilose or villous, persistent, bracts 1.8-2.5 mm long, Map 4. Distribution of Symplocos bullata bracteoles 1.3-1.5 mm long. Calyx limb Phenology: Flowers are recorded from April 1.2-1.5 mm long; lobes ovate, 1-1.2 mm long, to June; fruit in December. pubescent in middle near apex with reddish- Etymology: The specific epithet is derived brown hairs, sometimes glabrescent. Petals obovate, 3-3.5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm wide, from the Latin adjective bullatus (bullate, blistered or puckered) and refers to the cream to white, mostly glabrous. Hypanthium appearance of the upper surface of the lamina glabrous. Stamens (15-) 20-25 in males, 7-10 between the veins. in females and apparently sterile, 1-2.5 mm long. Disc glabrous. Style 2-2.5 mm long, Conservation status: Symplocos bullata glabrous; females with peltate stigma. Fruit is only known from the localities cited broadly ovoid or ampulliform 8-9 mm long, above. Additional collections are required 7.5-8 mm wide, colour unknown. Fig. 1G-I. to determine its area of occupancy and population numbers. Additional selected specimens examined: Queensland. Cook District: Daintree N.P., NW of Black Mountain, May 1998, Forster PIF22903 et al. (BRI); Daintree N.R, near end of Mt Lewis road, Nov 1988, Jessup et al. GJM155 (BRI); S.F.R.143 Riflemead, North Mary L.A.,