Acta arachnol., 44 (1): 27-42, September 15, 1995 A Revisional Study of the Japanese Salticid Spiders of the Genus Neon SIMON (Araneae: Salticidae) Hiroyoshi IKEDAI~ 池田博明1):日 本産ネオ ンハエ トリグモ属(ク モ目: ハエ トリグモ科)の 分類学的研究 Abstract Japanese salticid spiders of the genus Neon SIMON, 1876, are revised. After an examination of many specimens from Japan, five species of the genus were recognized, that is, Neon reticulatus (BLACKWALL, 1853), N. kiyotoi sp. nov., N. nojimai sp. nov., N. minutus ZABKA, 1985, and N. ningyo sp. nov. All the spe- cies are described and illustrated. Up to the present, 17 species of salticid spiders of the genus Neon were described from the World (ROEWER, 1954; BRIGNOLI, 1983; PLATNICK, 1988). Of these Neon nigriceps BRYANT, 1940 was considered as a member of the other genus (BRYANT, 1940; GERTSCH & IyIE, 1955). From Japan, Neon reticulatus (BLACKWALL, 1853) has been the only known species of the genus Neon (YAGINUMA, 1986). However, Mr. Kiyoto OGATA collect- ed many specimens of the genus Neon in Aichi Prefecture and recognized several species among these specimens. Mr. Ko-ichi NOJIMA also discovered unknown species of the genus Neon in various places of Okayama Prefecture. I examined their specimens and other specimens newly obtained from Japan, and then consequently identified them into five species, that is, Neon reticnlatus (BLACKWALL, 1853), N. kiyotoi sp. nov., N. nojimai sp. nov., Neon minutus ZABKA 1985, and N. ningyo sp. nov. These species are easily distinguishable from one another by the condition of the first leg of the male as shown in Table 11 and in Figs. 45-49. The type specimens and a part of other specimens used in this paper are de- posited in the collection of the National Science Museum (Nat. Hist.), Tokyo. The following abbreviations are used: ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye. The distances between eyes are presented with a dash, e.g., ALE-ALE indicates distance between ALEs. 1) Kanade 1099, Oimachi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258 Japan -x258 1l f l : Mjj 1099 Accepted June 14, 1995 28 H. IKEDA Genus Neon SIMON, 1876 Neon reticulatus (BLACKWALL, 1853) (Figs. 1-6, 1.8-19, 47) Salticus reticulatus BLACKWALL, 1853, p. 14; 1861, pp. 60-61, fig. 33. Neon reticulatus: SIMON, 1937, pp. 1183-1184, figs. 1863-1865. TULLGREN, 1945, p. 130, figs. 38A, 39A-B.---LOCKET & MILLIDGE, 1954, p. 221, figs. 109c, f.--GERTSCH & IVIE, 1955, pp. 8-11, figs. 12-14. JONES, 1983, pp. 146-147. SHINKAI & TAKANO, 1984, p. 158.-- ROBERTS, 1985, p. 122, pl. 60, fig. 50 (a).--YAGINUMA, 1986, p. 242, pl. 64 (4), fig. 6.-- CHIKUNI, 1989, p. 287, fig. 59 (159), HEIMER & NENTWIG, 1991, pp. 510-513, figs. 1365. 1-4. Figs. 1-6. Noen reticulatus (BLACKWALL, 1853). 1, Male, dorsal view; 2, female, dorsal view; 3, male palp, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, same, prolateral view; 6, epigynum. (Scales : 0.2 mm.) Japanese Spiders of the Genus Neon 29 Specimens examined. 1 ~, Izu-numa, Tome-gun, Miyagi Pref., Japan, 1.1-II- 1989, A. TANIKAWA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3207); 1 ~, Sirakawa-no-seki-ato, Fukushima Pref., 24-VI-1990, A. TANIKAWA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3208); 1d, Ohwakudani, Hakone- machi, Kanagawa Pref., 28-V-1989, T. ISHIHARA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3209); 2d'2~, Inabu, Kitashitara-gun, Aichi Pref., 12-VI-1993, K. OGATA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3210); 1d, Nagi-san, Nagi-machi, Okayama Pref., 23-V-1993, K. NOJIMA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3211). Description. Measurement (in mm) [mean, d' N=4, N=4]. Body length d' 1.80-2.44 [2.10], 2.30-3.34 [2.60]; prosoma length d' 0.93-1.14 [1.01], 0.99- 1.26 [1.10], width d' 0.74-0.96 [0.81], 0.78-1.04 [0.88], height d' 0.54-0.74 [0.64], 0.59-0.74 [0.65]; opisthosoma length d' 0.94-1.20 [1.07], 1.25-1.71 [1.38], width d' 0.74-0.99 [0.81], 0.90-1.46 [1.06]. Eye fields: ALE-ALE d' 0.72-0.91 [0.79], 0.82-1.00 [0.89], PLE-PLE d' 0.74-0.94 [0.81], 0.83-0.96 [0.88], ALE-PLE d' 0.50-0.64 [0.56], 0.56-0.68 [0.61], ALE-PME d' 0.26-0.34 [0.29], 0.29-0.35 [0.32], AME diameter d' 0.24- 0.28 [0.25], 0.26-0.34 [0.29]; ratio ALE/AME d' 0.57-0.69 [0.65], 0.56-0.63 [0.61], ALE/PLE d' 1.06-1.50 [1.27], 1.11-1.25 [1.15], PME/PLE d' 0.23-0.25 [0.24], 0.23-0.28 [0.26]. Legs. Length of legs of 18' (NSMT-Ar 3210; prosoma width 0.74 mm) and 1 (NSMT-Ar 3210; prosoma width 0.78 mm) as shown in Table 1. Spiniforma- tion of legs of the same specimens as shown in Table 2. Male palp (Figs. 3-5, 18-19). Embolus a thin spine passing across apical edge to cymbial groove. Conspicuous speculate lobe present in inner side of embolus, slightly distant from the base. Tibial apophysis as shown in Fig. 19. Epigynum (Fig. 6). Epigynum consisting of two suboval atria separated by a Table 1. Measurement of leg segments of Neon reticulatus (in mm; d'/). Table 2. Spiniformation of legs of Neon reticulatus (r=retrolateral, p=prolateral, none= no spine). [No spine on other segments.] 30 H. IKEDA thin median septum. Voluminous spermatheca wider than the atria and clearly visible through the integument. Coloration and markings (Figs. 1-2, 47). Male: Prosoma dark brown with marginal black hairs, surroundings of eyes black with white hairs. Clypeus dark brown with several hairs. Sternum dark brown. Labium, maxillae and chelicerae dark brown with light margins. Opisthosomal dorsum yellowish white, reticulated with black, and covered with white hairs and marginal black hairs. Venter of opi- sthosoma black covered with short hairs. Legs I and IV: Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi dark brown, tarsi yellowish white. Legs II and III: Femora dark brown, tarsi yellowish white, remaining parts of legs yellowish white with dark distal ends. Anterior parts of prosoma and legs sheeny. Female: Prosoma yellow brown with marginal black hairs, surroundings of eyes black, with white hairs. Clypeus brown with several brown hairs. Sternum, labium, maxillae and chelicerae yellow-brown each edge paler. Opisthosomal dorsum yellowish white reticulated with black, with black hairs, and many black setae in anterior part. Venter of opisthosoma yellowish white, reticulated with black, covered with short hairs. Legs I: Lateral surface of femora, patellae, tibiae dark brown, remaining parts yellow-brown. Legs II-IV : yellow-brown, with dark brown distal ends. Anterior parts of prosoma and legs slightly sheeny. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Holarctic areas. Remarks. Neon reticulatus resembles Neon robustus LoHMANDER, 1945, but can be distinguished from the latter by the position of spiculate lobe, the shape of the embolus of male palp, and the relative size of oval atria and spermathecae of the female genitalia (TULLGREN, 1945; HEIMER & NENTWIG, 1990). Neon kiyotoi sp. nov. (Figs. 7-17, 48) Type series. Holotype : d', Horaiji-san, Horai-machi, Minamishitara-gun, Aichi Pref., 29-VI-1991, K. OGATA Leg. (NSMT-Ar 3212). Allotype : ~, same data as for the holotype. (NSMT-Ar 3213). Paratypes : 1d, same locality and collector as for the holotype, 6-XII-1992. (NSMT-Ar 3214); 1 ~, same locality and collector as for the holotype, 6-XI-1992. (NSMT-Ar 3215). Description. Measurement of holotype and allotype (in mm) [mean, d' N=3, N=2]. Body length c 2.04 [2.14], 2.80 [2.52]; prosoma length c 1.17 [1.14], 1.12 [1.12], width d' 0.94 [0.92], 0.94 [0.94], height d' 0.73 [0.67], 0.64 [0.64] ; opisthosoma length d' 0.96 [0.96], 1.33 [1.25], width d' 0.83 [0.86], 1.14 [0.97]. Eye fields: ALE-ALE d' 1.00 [0.95], 0.99 [0.98], PLE-PLE c 0.99 [0.94], 0.96 [0.97], ALE-PLE d' 0.61 [0.59], 0.59 [0.60], ALE-PME cf 0.40 [0.36], 0.38 [0.37], AME diameter d' 0.32 [0.31], 0.29 [0.31]; ratio ALE/AME d' 0.60, 0.67, ALE/PLE d' 1.00, 1.09, PME/PLE d' 0.21, 0.23. Legs. Length of legs of the holotype c and paratype as shown in Table 3. Spiniformation of legs of the same specimens as shown in Table 4. Male palp (Figs. 9-11, 13-15). Embolus a thin spine passing across apical edge to cymbial groove, apical end of embolus Y-shaped (Fig. 14). Small spiculate lobe present from inner side of embolus near the base. Female genitalia (Figs. 12, 16-17). Epigynum consisting of two round atria Japanese Spiders of the Genus Neon 31 separated by a thin median septum. Outer spermatheca wider than the atria, inner spermatheca equal in size to the atria. Coloration and markings (Figs. 7-8, 48). Male: Prosoma dark brown with white hairs, marginated with black hairs, surroundings of eyes black with white hairs. \ ~-- t ' U Figs. 7-12. Neon kiyotoi sp. nov. 7, Male, dorsal view; 8, female, dorsal view; 9, male palp, dorsal view; 10, same, ventral view; 11, same, prolateral view; 12, epigynum. (Scales : 0.2 mm.) Table 3. Measurement of leg segments of Neon kiyotoi sp. nov. (in mm; d'/). 32 H. IKEDA Table 4. Spiniformation of legs of Neon kiyotoi sp. nov. (r = retrolateral, p = prolateral, none=no spine). [No spine on other segments.] (cid:127) v Figs. 13-19. 13-17, Neon kiyotoi sp. nov.; 18-19, Neon reticulatus (BLACKWALL,1853).- 13, 18, Male palp, basal part of embolus; 14, apical part of embolus, ventral view; 15, 19, tibia! apophysis of male palp; 16, female genitalia, ventral view; 17, same, dorsal view. (Scales : 0.1 mm.) Japanese Spiders of the Genus Neon 33 Clypeus dark brown with brown and white hairs. Sternum dark brown. Labium, maxillae and chelicerae dark brown with light margins. Opisthosomal dorsum yellowish white with black spots, and covered with white hairs and marginal black hairs. Venter of opisthosoma black and covered with short black hairs. Legs I and II: Femora, patellae and tibiae dark brown with dorsal margin, metatarsi and tarsi yellow brown, each distal end dark. Legs III and IV : Femora, patellae, and tibiae dark brown with dorsal margin, metatarsi dark brown, tarsi yellow brown, each distal end dark. Prosoma and legs sheeny, especialy blackish part with metalic luster. Female : Prosoma yellow brown with white and black hairs and with marginal black hairs, surroundings of eyes black with white hairs. Clypeus brown with brown and white hairs. Sternum yellow brown with dark margins, labium, maxillae and chelicerae yellow-brown with short black hairs, each edge paler. Opisthosomal dorsum yellowish white with black spots, with black hairs, and many black anterior setae. Venter of opisthosoma yellowish white reticulated with black and with short black and white hairs. Legs I: Lateral surface of femora, patellae, tibiae, distal ends of metatarsi dark brown, remaining parts yellow-brown. Legs II-IV : yellow-brown with dark brown distal ends, tarsi yellow-brown. Prosoma and legs sheeny. Distribution. Japan (known only from the type locality). Remarks. Neon kiyotoi closely resembles N. robustus LOHMANDER, 1945, but can be distinguished from the latter by the copulatory organ (TULLGREN, 1945; HEIMER & NENTWIG, 1990). In the male palp of N. kiyotoi, the space between the cymbium and the bulb narrower than that of N. robustus. The spermatheca of N. kiyotoi has three bursae (Fig. 16). The male of N. kiyotoi can be easily distinguish- ed from the males of N. reticulatus and N. nojimai sp. nov., by the hairs of prosoma and the setae of the first leg (Figs. 47-49). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Kiyoto OGATA, Aichi Pref. Neon nojimai sp. nov. (Figs. 18-22, 49) Holotype : d', Yorishima-machi, Asakuchi-gun, Okayama Pref., Japan, 16-V- 1993, K. NOJIMA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3216). Description. Measurement of holotype (in mm). Body length 2.07; prosoma length 1.12, width 0.98, height 0.72; opisthosoma length 0.96, width 0.86. Eye fields : ALE-ALE 0.98, PLE-PLE 1.04, ALE-PLE 0.67, ALE-PME 0.32, AME diameter 0.29; ratio ALE/AME 0.67, ALE/PLE 1.20, PME/PLE 0.25. Legs. Length of legs of the holotype d' as shown in Table 5. Spiniformation of legs of the same specimen as shown in Table 6. Male palp (Figs. 21-24). Embolus twice spiraled at base and at apex. Tibial apophysis long, truncated (Fig. 24). Coloration and markings (Figs. 20, 49). Male: Prosoma yellow-brown with white hairs, with marginal black hairs, surroundings of eyes black with white hairs. Sternum brown with dark margin. Clypeus brown, hairless. Labium, maxillae and chelicerae dark brown, with white margins, respectively. Opisthosomal dorsum yellowish white with black spots, covered with white hairs, with anterior black setae 34 H. IKEDA Figs. 20-24. Neon no] imai sp. nov. 20, Male, dorsal view; 21 male palp, dorsal view; 22, same, ventral view; 23, same, prolateral view; 24, tibia! apophysis of male palp. (Scales: 20-23, 0.2 mm, 24. 0.1 mm.) Table 5 Measurement of leg segments of Neon nojimai sp. nov. (in mm; o). Japanese Spiders of the Geuns Neon 35 Table 6. Spiniformation of legs of the male of Neon nojimai sp . nov. (r = retrolateral, p=prolateral, none=no spine). [No spine on other segments.] and marginal black hairs. Venter of opisthosoma black and covered with short black hairs. Legs I : Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi dark brown, tarsi yellow- ish white, with black and white hairs; rows of scale-like black setae present on dorsal surface of femora, on ventral surface of patellae and metatarsi, on ventral and dorsal surface of tibiae. Legs II: Femora, patellae, tibiae dark brown, metatarsi brown annulated with dark brown, tarsi yellow-brown with black and white hairs; rows of scale-like black setae present on dorsal surface of femora, ventral surface of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi. Legs III and IV : Femora dark brown, distal ends of patellae, proximal and distal ends of tibiae and metatarsi brown, remaining parts of legs yellow-brown. Prosoma and legs sheeny, especialy blackish part with metalic luster. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Japan (known only from the type locality). Remarks. Neon nojimai resembles N. kiyotoi sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the latter by the structure of male palp and the spiniformation of legs (Figs . 48-49). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Ko-lchi NOJIMA, Okayama Pref. Neon minutus ZABKA, 1985 (Figs. 25-33, 45) Neon minutus ZABKA,1985: 420, figs. 372-377. Specimens examined. 1?, Jataki-guchi, Mt. Takao, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 7- V-1991, K. KUMADA leg.; 2?, Ajiro, Itsukaichi-shi, Tokyo, 11-V-1991, K. KUMADA leg.; 1?, Kaminagabuchi, Ohme-shi, Tokyo, 1-XI-1990, K. KUMADA leg .; 1?, Hachioji joshi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 17-V-1991, K. KUMADA leg.; 1?, Taura, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa Pref., 18-III-1978, K. KUMADA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3217); 1 d' 3?, Seto-shi, Aichi Pref., 13-X-1991, K. OGATA leg . (NSMT-Ar 3218); id', 4?, Seto-shi, Aichi Pref., 23-XII-1992, K. OGATA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3219); lcl 5?, Rokusho-san, Toyoda-shi, Aichi Pref., 3-X-1990, K. OGATA leg. (NSMT-Ar 3220); 1d'2?, Kanpachi-kyo, Toyoda-shi, Aichi Pref., 7-XII-1990, K. OGATA leg .; 11?, Unkoh-temple, Seto-shi, Aichi Pref., 14-V-1991, K. OGATA leg.; 4?, Unkoh- temple, Setoshi, Aichi Pref., 20-III-1992, K. OGATA leg.; 4?, Hasso, Imai-machi , Inuyama-shi, Aichi Pref., 17-XI-1991, K. OGATA leg.; 3?, Fujii-machi, Okazaki- 36 H. J KEDA shi, Aichi Pref., 26-XI-1991, K. OGATA leg.; 4~, Uchiumi, Chita-machi, Aichi Pref., 10-II-1992, K. OGATA leg.; 3 ~, Hamasaka-shrine, Hamasaka, Tottori Pref., 20-XII-1991, N. TSURUSAKI leg.; 1~, Taga, Saeki-machi, Wake-gun, Okayama Pref., 24-IV-1994, K. NOJIMA leg.; 1d, Tamashima Kurosaki, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama Pref., 22-VIII-1993, K. NOJIMA leg.; 1 ~, Kawamatsu, Hatsukaichi-shi, Hiroshima Pref., 18-VII-1992, Y. IHARA leg. ; 1 ~, Taketatsu-shrine, Kunisaki, Oita Pref., 7-XII-1991, S. NoMURA & T. NAKAMURA leg. Description. Measurement (in mm) [mean, d' N=4, N=6 (NSMT-Ar 3217-3220)]. Body length d 1.69-1.86 [1.78], 1.67-2.05 [1.88]; prosoma length d' 0.80-0.88 [0.84], 0.77-0.96 [0.88], width d' 0.70-0.72 [0.72], 0.77- 0.88 [0.80], height d' 0.51-0.55 [0.53], 0.50-0.64 [0.57]; opisthosoma length d' 0.75-0.85 [0.82], 0.86-1.09 [0.96], width ' 0.66-0.74 [0.71], 0.72-0.96 [0.83]. Figs. 25-30. Neon minutus ZABKA, 1985.--25, Male, dorsal view: 26, female, dorsal view; 27, male palp, dorsal view; 28, same, ventral view; 29, same, prolateral view; 30, epigynum. (Scales : 0.2 mm.)