A READY AND RESILIENT WORKFORCE FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Protecting America’s Front Line Committee on the Department of Homeland Security Workforce Resilience Board on Health Sciences Policy THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract HSHQDC-12-J-00188, CLIN 0001 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of Homeland Security. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. ISBN 978-0-309-28946-7 Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu. Copyright 2013 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin. Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2013. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America’s Front Line. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line COMMITTEE ON THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY WORKFORCE RESILIENCE JAMES B. PEAKE (Chair), Lieutenant General, USA (Ret), Senior Vice President, CGI Global Health, Austin, TX DENNIS S. CHARNEY, Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz Dean, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY RHONDA CORNUM, Director of Health Strategy, TechWerks, North Middletown, KY ROSE K. GANTNER, Wellness Officer, Global, HHI Healthcare Solutions; CEO, Well Works Publishing and Consulting, LLC, Moon Township, PA RON Z. GOETZEL, Director, Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Emory University; Vice President, Consulting and Applied Research, Truven Health Analytics, Bethesda, MD JOHN (JACK) HERRMANN, Senior Advisor and Chief, Public Health Preparedness, National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, DC RICHARD W. KLOMP, Behavioral Scientist, Deputy Director, WorkLife Wellness Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA JEFFREY W. RUNGE, President, Biologue, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC KATHLEEN M. SUTCLIFFE, Gilbert and Ruth Whitaker Professor of Business Administration, Professor of Management and Organizations, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI TERRI TANIELIAN, Senior Social Research Analyst, RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA JOHN M. VIOLANTI, Research Professor, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, NY v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line Study Staff AMY GELLER, Study Director FRANK VALLIERE, Research Associate CRYSTI PARK, Senior Program Assistant KATE KELLEY, Research Associate (May–August 2013) BRUCE ALTEVOGT, Senior Program Officer NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy vi Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line Reviewers Thi s report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their d iverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with pro cedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manus cript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: David W. Ballard, American Psychological Association Floyd E. Bloom, The Scripps Research Institute Pet er Chiarelli, One Mind George S. Everly, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Neil Hibler, Special Psychological Services Group Paul Higgins, Navy Mutual Aid Association Pamela A. Hymel, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Michelle A. Kelley, University of Illinois at Chicago Bruce S. McEwen, The Rockefeller University Rebecca Pille, National Security Agency Nicholas P. Pronk, HealthPartners, Inc. Karlene H. Roberts, University of California, Berkeley Michael Schoenbaum, National Institute of Mental Health Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line viii REVIEWERS the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Huda Akil, University of Michigan, and Georges C. Benjamin, American Public Health Association. Appointed by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Ready and Resilient Workforce for the Department of Homeland Security: Protecting America's Front Line Acronyms and Abbreviations CBP Customs and Border Protection CDP Center for Domestic Preparedness CFO chief financial office r CHCO chief human capital officer CIO chief information officer CIS Citizenship and Immigration Services CMO chief medical officer CSF Comprehensive Soldier Fitness DHS US Department of Homeland Security DNDO Domestic Nuclear Detection Office DoD US Department of Defense EAP employee assistance program EEESC Employee Engagement Executive Steering Committee EMS em ergency medical services FAMS Federal Air Marshal Service FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FEVS Fe deral Employee Viewpoint Survey FLETC Federal Law Enforcement Training Center G&T Office of Grants and Training GAO US Government Accountability Office ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.