A NEW THERAPHOSID SPIDER FROM THE CAMERON HIGHLANDS, MALAYSIA RICHARD WEST C. West, R.C. 1991 0601:Anewtheraphosidspiderfrom the Cameron Highlands,Malaysia. MemoirsoftheQueenslandMuseum30(3): 615-619. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Lyrognathusliewisp. nov. isdescribedfrom the rainforestsofwestcentral Malaysia.This is the first record of the genus outside its type locality of Assam, India. ^fJTheraphosid spider, Malaysia, rainforests. RichardC. West, RoyalBritishColumbiaMuseum, 675BellevilleStreet, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8V1X4;20August1990. Pocock (1895) described Lyrognathus crota- eyesaremeasuredacrosstheirgreatestwidthand I lus, the type species, from a single female. L. thedistance between theeyes is measured along pugnax Pocock, 1900 and L. saltator Pocock, the shortest distance. The median ocular quad- I 1900 from North Khasi Hills and Shillong, rangleformedbythemedianeyesismeasuredto respectively are the only otherspecies assigned. includetheeyesandtheratiosareobtainedinthe Sex was not mentioned for these single speci- same way as the ratio of the eyes; AME—ant- mens. Gravely (1915)examinedL. crotalus, de- erior median eyes; ALE-anterior lateral eyes; i termined earlier by Hirst, from the Khasi Hills PME—posterior median eyes; PLE—posterior and L. pugnax determined by himself, from the lateral eyes; MOO—median ocularquadrangle. Garo Hills and doubted whether they were dis- Segments of legs are measured dorsally in a tinct species. Gravely (1935) considered the straight line from articulation to articulation. three species of Lyrognathus synonymous and Clawsare notincluded in measurementsoftarsi. the genusclose toSelenocosmiawith the excep- The legformulaexpressesrelative lengthsofthe tion ofthe one characterofleg IV being incras- legs from longest to shortest length. Spination sate. Gravely (1935) described two males from patternsare recordedfrom thespecimen accord- Khasi Hills as Selenocosmia pugnax but as- ing to the following conventions: v-ventral, p- sumed they might belong to Lyrognathus. prolateral,d-dorsalandr-retrolateral;spinepos- Pocock’s type material at the British Museum, itions are reported from distal to proximal, un- Natural History is apparently too fragile to loan paired spines are listed as 1, paired or a and examine therefore I offer no opinion on transverse series of3 spines are listed as 2 or3. specificsynonymiesinthegenus.IfollowRaven Spermathecae were dissected out and the (1985) in maintaining Lyrognathus and muscle coatremoved with fine needles. Illustra- Selenocosmia as separate taxa. tionswere madewith the assistanceofasquared Between October 1986 and July 1988, I re- eyepiece reticule. ceived eightien)B.\eLyrognathusfrom Mr. K.C. Liew, Taiping, Malaysia. This new species of Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895 Lyrognathus is a new generic record for Malay- sia and an extension ofrange for the genus. Lyrognathus Pocock,1895:170,175; Pocock,1900: 187,202; Simon,1903:954,956; Gravely,1915a: MATERIALS AND METHODS 415; Gravely,1915b:284; Gravely,1935:83; Roewer,1942:264; Bonnet,1957:2675; Brig- Measurementsare in millimetres, exceptocu- noIi,l983:132; Raven,1985:38,118; Platnick, larmeasurementsaremade atthesamemagnifi- 1989:105.. cationandeachunitis0.055mm.Measurements Selenocosmia {Lyrognathus)Gravely,1935:83. of the diameters of the median eyes are from above, those ofthe lateral eyes were made from TypeSpecies the side. Thewidth ofthe eyegroup referstothe Lyrognathuscrotalus Pocock,1895; by monotypy. distance between the two outer eyes but also includesthediametersoftheseeyes.Theratioof Diagnosis the eyes is expressed in units which are taken Alltarsi integralwith tarsi IVdividedbysetae from the divisions ofthe micrometer scale. The and tibia and metatarsus IV strongly incrassate. ; 616 MEMOIRS OFTHE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM Prolateral surface of maxillae with numerous and metatarsus IV strongly incrassate, metatar- baciiliform lyra setae acting against a line of sus IV tapering distally. Rctrolateral face of spike setae (strikers) on the retromargin of the patella, tibiaand metatarsusIVwith densebrush cheliceral furrow. of hair, tapering distally on metatarsus IV. Females with horizontally aligned short and Remarks long peg-like (thorny) setae on intercheliceral Lyrognathus differs from other Selenocos- face. Spermathecae variable, bilobed on miinae primarily by the tibia and metatarsi IV holotype female, both tri- and bilobed on being strongly incrassate. With the exception of paratype females. Males unknown. this character L. liewi is similar to female Coremiocnemisvalidus(Pocock, 1895)not only Description from the same locality but in color, size and Holotype female. Carapace 18.54mm long, possessing the same horizontally aligned peg- 15.40mm wide. Abdomen (slightly collapsed) like setae on the intercheliceral face. 20.90mm long. 14.03mm wide. Total length 39.44mm. Distribution,HabitatandBurrow Colour.Carapaceuniformbrown;legsI,IIand L. liewiisknown from thewetdipterocarpand palp light brown, all femoradark brown, legs III montane rainforests of Cameron Highlands, and IV dark brown, longer red brown hairs on Pahang, in the main range and from Baling, leg IV: chelicerae light brown on dorsal and Kedah, and Grik, Perak, in the eastern range of lateral surface; abdomen entirely dark brown west Malaysia. Female L, liewi make a silk- with longerred brown hairson dorsal andlateral linedburrow averagingSO-lOOcm in length and surfaces.Inalcoholcarapace,legsandchelicerae 3cm in diameterenlarging into a small chamber entirely dark red brown, abdomen and dense distally. The burrow usually has a leaf-lined or brush ofhairon leg IV dark brown. twigdebriscollarthatisflushwith thegroundon Carapace, Fovea broad, closed, procurved; the rainforest floor; slopingground on open for- uniformly hirsute, cuticle almost obscured; est fringes or roadsides is preferred. When dis- eight long setae in group in front of AME, two turbed L. liewi will readily bite. ‘Orang Asli' long setae between ALE-PLE, ten long setae in people call these large mygalomorphs ‘Teifoo’ a group between PLE, few short anteromedial AME or Earth tiger and believe the bite is fatal. bristles; clypeus about one diameter long; striae shallow; caput strongly arched; lateral Lyrognathus liewi sp. nov. margins with longer setae, anterior margin with (Figs 1-11, Table 1) many long bristle setae. Eyes, Tubercle rectangular, distinct, higher Etymology posteriorly, sloping in front to anterior margin; For Mr. K. C. Liew who collected the group occupies 0.26 of headwidth; group front specimensandsuppliedthenaturalhistoryinfor- width: back width: length, 49:49:21, ratio of mation. AME:ALE:PME:PLE, 10:6:5:5; MOO front width: backwidth: length, 27:37:23; interspaces Material (as diameters of an AME): AME-AME, 0.5; Holotype 9and seven paratype 9 9Cameron AME-ALE,0.4; ALE-PLE,0.6; PME-PLE,0.1 Highlands, Pahang, West Malaysia, 4'’4rN; PME-PME, 2.7. 10r52’E. Holotype 9 and two paratype 9 9 Chelicerae. Stout; rastellum absent; 14-16 QM Nos 15460, 15461 and 15462, respectively; closely set teeth on promargin of furrow, many other five paratype 9 9 in author’s collection. granular teeth basomesally; long line of short Locations 3 9 9, off 24th mi. Road, Cameron andlongspikesetae(strikers)ontheretromargin Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, Oct.-Nov. 1986, of the furrow; c. 25 modified horizontally coll. K.C, Liew; 59 9, off 24th mi. Road, aligned peg-like setae, short and stout, pointed Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, July 4- apically. 12, 1988, coll. K.C. Liew; 2 9 9(dried) Baling, Labium. 2.64 long, 3.69 wide; rectangular, Kedah, and 1 9 (dried) Grik, Perak, Malaysia, anteriorly slightly procurved; with dense group Nov. 1980, coll. H. Wong. ofover300cuspulesonanteriorthird; labioster- nal suture consisting of deep groove with two Diagnosis lateral sigilloid elongate lobes, slightly raised, Large mygalomorph spider. Femalewith tibia glabrous. ANEWTHERAPHOSID SPIDER FROM MALAYSIA 617 FIGS 1-1.Lyrognathusliewi,femalefromCameronHighlands: 1,Cephalothoraxandchelicerae,dorsalview. 2, Sternum, maxillae, labium and chelicerae, ventral view. 3, Leg IV, dorsal view. 4, Leg IV, prolateral face.5,7, Spermathecaeofparatypefemales,dorsalview.6,Spermalhecaeofholotype female,dorsalview. Scale line = 1cm (Figs 1-4),=lmm (Figs5-7). Maxillae. 8.09 length behind, 6.38 length evident; maxillae and labium covered with long front, 3.74 width; broad; average 200 cuspules erect bristles and short hairs; prolateral surface oninnercorner;anteriorlobedistinct;serrulanot 618 MEMOIRS OFTHEQUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIGS 8,9. Coremiocnemis validus Pocock,l895, female from Cameron Highlands, scanning electron micrographs. 8, Chelicerae,prolateral face showing peg- like setae. 9, Chelicerae, prolateral face showing peg-like setae enlarged. 10,11. Lyrognathus liewi, paratype female fram Cameron Highlands, scanning electronmicrographs. 10,Chelicerae,prolateralfaceshowingpeg-likesetae. 11,Chelicerae,prolateralface showingpeg-like setaeenlarged. Scaleline = 1mm (Figs 8,10), 0.1mm (Figs 9,11). with distinct area ofbacilliform setae forming a glabrousbandon 1/2tofull lengthofretrolateral lyra. face offemur I, II, III and palp; all patellaewith Sternum. 8.36 long, 8.09 wide; round; short one or two narrow dorsal glabrous bands; all brown prostrate hairs interspersed with erect metatarsi with one proximal dorsal narrow short dark brown bristles obscuring cuticle, glabrous band; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and longer marginally; posterior sigilla oval, 1.16 tarsi with shortprostrate hairs interspersedwith long,2.09frommargin;middlesigillaoval,0.94 longer more erect hairs, IV much more hirsute long, 0.66 from margin; anterior sigilla (barely than others obscuring cuticle; spines present on visible) round, 0.39 long, 0.55 from margin; all distal metatarsi. sigillaglabrous. Scopula. Deep dense pile forfull length ofall Legs. IVmuchthickerandlongerthanI,IIand tarsi,metatarsi IandII;equallydensebutdistally III; patella, tibia and metatarsi IV incrassate, for 1/2 of metatarsi III and 1/3 metatarsi IV; thicker retrolaterally with erect brush of hair metatarsi and tarsi IV divided by setae. adding to the effect; ventral coxae with dense Spines. Metatarsi I, vl; II, v3; III, v2d2; IV mat of short brown prostrate hairs interspersed v3d2. with short erect dark brawn bristles as on ster- Claws. Palpalandpairedclawsbare;unpaired num;femoralsetalmatobscurescuticleofdorsal claws absent; claws do not project beyond the and ventral surface and prolateral face ofIII and scopula. IV,femurI,II,andpalpwithwideglabrousband Trichobothria, 4-5 in a single dorsal row of on 1/2-2/3 of prolateral face, IV with wide tibia I for full length; 2-3 irregular rows, each glabrousbandon2/3ofretrolateral face, narrow row proximally retrolateral, distally dorsal; ANEWTHERAPHOSID SPIDER FROM MALAYSIA 619 TABLE 1. LegmeasurementsofLyrognathusliewiholotype female. Legl Les2 Legs Leg4 Palp Femur 14.02 11.72 10.78 14.69 9.08 Patella 9.02 7.87 6.99 8.80 5.67 Tibia 9.90 7.98 6.77 12.21 6.49 Metatarsus 8.42 7.70 8.91 15.40 Tarsus 4.95 4.57 4.40 5.50 5.94 Total 46.31 39.84 37.85 56.60 27.18 metatarsi and tarsi I trichobothrial zone marked LITERATURECITED alsobyshortsetae;70-80longfiliformandshort clavate on tarsi I in abroad band. BONNET, P. 1957. Bibliographia Araneorum. Spermathecae. Variable; usually bilobed; Toulouse,vol. 2; 1027-3026. branchesconfluentbeforevulvalchamber; inner BRIGNOLI, P.M. 1983. A catalogue ofthe Araneae branch longer than outerbranch. describedbetween 1940and 1981. Manchester, Spinnerets. Posterior medians 2.53 long; British Arachnological Society; i-xii, 1-755. basal, middle, distal and total lengthofposterior GRAVELY, F.H. 1915a. Theevolution and distribu- lateral articles3.41,2.59,2.81,8.81 longrespec- tionofIndianspidersbelongingtothesub-fami- tively. lyAviculariinae.J.AsiaticSoc. Bengal 10:411- 420. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1915b. Notes on Indian mygalomorph spiders, 1. Rec. Ind. Museum 11:257-287. I thank Dr. Robert J. Raven for encouraging 1935. Notes on Indian mygalomorph spiders, 11. me and commenting on this manuscript, Mr. IndiaZoo!. Survey, Rec. 37(l):69-84. K.C. Liew for bringing the spiders to my atten- PLATNICK, N.L, 1989. Advances in Spider tion, Mr. Lee Humble and Ms Leslie Manning Taxonomy 1981-1987: A supplement to for Scanning Electron Microscopy, Pacific Brignoli’sAcatalogueoftheAraneaedescribed Forestry Centre, British Columbia, Ms Karen between 1940 and 1981. Manchester, Udall-EkmannfortheillustrationsandMrsLynn ManchesterUniversity Press: i-vii + 1-673. West for carefully typing the manuscript. This POCOCK, R.I. 1895. On a new and natural grouping work was funded in part by the Exline-Frizzell of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomor- Fund for Arachnological Research, California phae, with descriptions of new genera and AcademyofSciences, California, andthe Royal species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 15: 165- British Columbia Museum, British Columbia. 184. 1900.ThefaunaofBritish India, includingCeylon and Burma. Arachnida.London,279p. RAVEN, R.J. 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and sys- tematics. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Flist. 182(1):1- 180. ROEWER, C.F. 1942. Katalog der Araneae. Bremen, Paul Budy Bd. 1, i-viii + 1-1040. SIMON, E. 1903. Histoire Naturelle des Araignes. Paris, Roret, 2(4): 669-1080.