PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 116(2):487-496. 2003. A new species of the genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan Junji Okuno and Masako Mitsuhashi (JO) Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 123 Yoshio, Katsuura, Chiba 299-5242 Japan, e-mail: [email protected]; (MM) Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo; Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3-23-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073 Japan, e-mail: [email protected] — Abstract. A new species of pontoniinid shrimp, Periclimenes dolichoster- num, is described and illustrated on the basis of 21 specimens collected from sublittoral zones of the Ryukyu Islands at depths of 1.5-30 m. This new species may be readily distinguished from all previously known species of Pericli- menes Costa, 1844 by the long third thoracic sternite, and long intermediate segment of the antennular peduncle. Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes Cos- nus Exoclimenella Bruce, 1994, and P. pe- ta, 1844, are widely distributed through titthouarsii (Audouin, 1826) and P. spini- tropical to warm-temperate marine and ferus De Man, 1902 to the genus & & brackish waters worldwide (Chace Bruce Periclimenella Bruce, 1994 (see Duris 1993). Most species of the genus are asso- Bruce 1995). More recently, Wicksten ciated with a range of marine invertebrates, (1995) and Spotte (1999) pointed out that although considerable numbers are free-liv- Periclimenes anthophilus Holthuis and & ing (Bruce 1994). Chace Bruce (1993) Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1964 should be considered recognized 165 valid species of Pericli- as ajunior synonym of P. pedersoni Chace, menes at the time, and subsequently 17 ad- 1958. Thus, currently there is a total of 174 ditional species have been described: four valid species of Periclimenes known world- from the Atlantic Ocean (see Heard & Spot- wide. On the basis of a bibliographic sur- te 1991, 1997; d'Udekem d'Acoz 1999; Li vey, Li (2000) provided illustrations for 148 2000), two from the Mediterranean Sea (see of these species. d'Udekem d'Acoz 1999, Li 2000), one In 1998, an ovigerous female shrimp of from the eastern Pacific region (see Vargas an unfamiliar free-living pontoniinid spe- 2000) and ten from the Indo-West Pacific cies was found. The specimen was collected & m region (see Berggren 1994, Bruce from the sublittoral zone (4.0 depth) of Coombes 1997, Bruce 1998, Li 2000, Hay- Iriomote Island (southwestern Ryukyu Is- ashi & Otomi 2001, Okuno & Nomura lands). Subsequently, additional specimens 2002). Bruce (1994) transferred three spe- collected from Kume Island and Iriomote cies, P. gorgonicola Bruce, 1969, P. frank- Island, the Ryukyu Islands were examined. lini Bruce, 1990a, and P. setirostris Bruce, These specimens clearly belong to an un- 1991 to the newly erected genus Paracli- described species of Periclimenes, and are menes Bruce, 1994 on the basis of absence here described as a new species. of the antennal spine. Periclimenes denti- Illustrations were made with the aid of a culatus Nobili, 1906 and P. sibogae Hol- camera lucida mounted on both dissecting thuis, 1952 have been transferred to the ge- microscope and compound microscope. For 488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON microstructural observations under the mm, USNM 1006977, Amitori Bay, 25-30 scanning electron microscope (SEM), the m, 2 Jul 2000, coll. Y. Ikeda and K. Hagi- telson and appendages of two of the spec- wara. — imens (NSMT-Cr 1988, 1989) were dis- Diagnosis. Size small (CL 1.5—4.4 sected and freeze dried. The postorbital car- mm), body slender. Carapace usually armed apace length is abbreviated as CL in the with epigastric spine. Rostrum slender, text. The term 'bee ocellaire' is used for the straight, falling slightly short of distal mar- anteromedian process on the ophthalmic gin of proximal segment of antennular pe- somite. The specimens examined in this duncle, dorsal margin dentate, ventral mar- study are deposited in the Coastal Branch gin with 0-2 vestigial teeth subapically. of Natural History Museum and Institute, Third thoracic sternite about 3 times as long Chiba (CMNH), Nationaal Natuurhistorisch as fourth sternite. Third abdominal somite Museum, Leiden (RMNH), National Mu- with median carina posterodorsally pro- seum of Natural History, Smithsonian In- duced. Sixth somite distinctly longer than stitution, Washington, D.C. (USNM), Na- postorbital carapace length. Intermediate tional Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT), segment of antennular peduncle about twice and the Queensland Museum, South Bris- as long as distal segment. Third maxilliped bane (QM). without arthrobranch. First and second pe- reiopods slender, each with carpus consid- Family Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 erably longer than chela. Chela of second Subfamily Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878 pereiopod with fingers about twice as long Genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844 as palm, cutting edges armed mesially with Periclimenes dolichosternum, new species numerous recurved fine teeth. Third to fifth Figs. 1-5 pereiopods slender, with dactyli biunguicu- — late. Endopod of male first pleopod without Type series. Holotype: $ CL 2.6 mm, appendix intern—a. Ou-shima Harbor, Kume Island, Ryukyu Is- Description. Carapace (Fig. 1) smooth, lands, 26°20.rN, 126°49.2'E, 1.5 m, 19 glabrous, lacking supraorbital spine; orbit Dec 2001, coll. J. Okuno and T Takahashi, feebly developed, inferior orbital margin CMNH-ZC 00855. Paratypes: Ryukyu Is- strongly produced, semiquadrate; antennal lands. 1 ovig. 9 CL 2.4 mm, 1 $ CL 1.5 spine well developed, slender, submarginal, mm, same locality as holotype, 12 Jul 2001, arising distinctly ventral to orbital margin; coll. T. Kawamoto, CMNH-ZC 00791; 1 S hepatic spine large, arising slightly ventral CL 2.1 mm, CMNH-ZC 00802, 1 $ CL 2.2 to level of antennal spine; epigastric spine mm, CMNH-ZC 00801, 1 S CL 2.0 mm, usually present, feebly articulated with me- 1 ? CL 1.9 mm, RMNH-D 49858, same dian carina; pterygostomian margin round- T locality as holotype, 19 Oct 2001, coll. ed. Kawamoto; 2 S CL 1.6, 2.8 mm, CMNH- Rostrum (Fig. 2A, B) slender, straight, ZC 00856, 1 ? CL 2.4 mm, QM-W 26570, 0.5-0.6 times as long as carapace, falling same data as holotype; 1 ovig. 9 CL 2.3 short of level of distal margin of proximal mm, Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Yaeya- segment of antennular peduncle; dorsal ma Group, 24°19.6'N, 123°42.2'E, 4 m, 25 blade low, with 5-7 (usually 6) equidis- May 1998, coll. R. Minemizu, CMNH-ZC tantly spaced, small, acute teeth, inter- 00767; 1 ovig. ? CL 3.1 mm, CMNH-ZC spaced by short setae; ventral blade poorly 00931, 1 6 CL 2.6 mm, 2 9 CL 2.1, 2.9 developed, proximally with row of short se- mm, 4 ovig. 9 CL 2.2-4A mm, NSMT-Cr tae, with 0-2 vestigial or minute teeth sub- CL mm, NSMT-Cr 1981, 1 ovig. 9 3.6 apically. 1988, 1 ovig. 9 CL 3.7 mm, NSMT-Cr Second thoracic sternite (Fig. 2C) with 1989, 1 9 CL 3.0 mm, 1 ovig. 9 CL 4.4 median longitudinal ridge; third sternite VOLUME 116, NUMBER 2 489 Fig. 1. Periclimenes doUchosternum, new species. Holotype female, CMNH-ZC 00855. Entire animal in lateral view. about 1.5 times as long as second, 3 times slightly longer than maximum corneal di- as long as fourth; fourth to eighth sternites ameter, maximum width less than maxi- mum (Fig. 2D) unarmed, fourth sternite with low corneal diameter. transverse ridge, median notch shallow. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 2A) slender, Abdomen (Fig. 1) smooth, glabrous; slightly overreaching apex of lamella of pleura of first to third somites broad, round- scaphocerite; proximal segment with disto- ed; those of fourth and fifth somites poste- lateral margin strongly produced, lateral riorly produced, but blunt; posterodorsal margin straight, terminating distally in large tergum of third somite produced posterior- acute tooth, slightly overreaching disto- ly, slightly elevated dorsally, compressed lateral margin; ventromesial margin armed laterally (Fig. 2E); sixth somite slender, with small acute tooth; stylocerite short, elongate, 1.2—1.8 times as long as carapace, slender, acute, reaching level of proximal posterolateral process blunt, posterolateral third of length of proximal segment; stato- margin produced. Telson (Fig. 2F) tapering cyst well developed, rounded; intermediate posteriorly, posterior margin convex, with segment about twice as long as distal seg- 3 pairs of spines, intermediate pair longest, ment, with distolateral margin strongly pro- mesialmost pair plumose, lateral and inter- duced, lateral lobe well developed, slightly mediate pairs simple (Fig. 5A); 2 pairs of depressed, laterally setose; distal segment small, subequal dorsolateral spines posi- short, feebly setose mesially. Upper flagel- tioned midlength of telson and midway be- lum biramous, proximal 11 or 12 segments tween these spines and posterior margin of fused, shorter free ramus 3 or 4 segmented; telson. lower flagellum more slender than upper Ophthalmic somite without 'bee ocellai- flagellum. re'. Eye (Fig. 2A) with large, globular, pig- Antenna with stout basicerite armed ven- mented cornea, bearing small ocellus; stalk trolaterally with acute tooth, dorsal margin 490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 2. Periclimenes dolichosternum, new species. A, B, F, G, holotype female, CMNH-ZC 00855; D, male paratype, CMNH-ZC 00802; C, E, ovigerous female paratype, CMNH-ZC 00931. A, anterior carapace, rostrum and cephalic appendages, dorsal; B, anterior carapace and rostrum, lateral; C, second and third thoracic sternites, ventral; D, fourth to eighth thoracic sternites, ventral; E, dorsal part ofthird abdominal somites, lateral; F, telson and right uropod, dorsal; G, right antennal scaphocerite, dorsal. C, D, F, G, setae omitted. Scales: 1.0 mm. VOLUME NUMBER 116, 2 491 Fig. 3. Periclimenes dolichosternum, new species. Female paratype, NSMT-Cr 1988. A, left mandible, ex- ternal; B. left maxillule, external; C. left maxilla, external; D, left first maxilliped, external; E, left second maxilliped, external; F, left third maxilliped, lateral. Scale: A, 0.5 mm; B-F, 1.0 mm. with small raised lobe; scaphocerite (Fig. Maxillule (Fig. 3B) with feebly bilobed 2G) slender, with lateral margin feebly con- palp, inner lobe with long simple seta; up- cave, terminating in strong tooth reaching per lacinia broad, distal margin truncated, distal fifth of length of scaphocerite, lamella armed with simple spines and few simple strongly tapering distomesially in dorsal setae; lower lacinia sparsely furnished with view, 3.4-5.4 times as long as width at base plumose setae marginally. Maxilla (Fig. of lateral tooth; carpocerite reaching prox- 3C) with slender, tapering palp; distal en- imal fourth of length of scaphocerite. dite developed, simple, narrow, distally fur- Epistome unarmed. nished with sparse simple setae; proximal Mandible (Fig. 3A) without palp; incisor endite obsolete; scaphognathite well devel- process well developed, distal margin trun- oped, marginally furnished with numerous cated, armed with 7 or 8 small teeth; molar plumose setae, anterior lobe slightly taper- process truncated distally, with stout teeth. ing distally. First maxilliped (Fig. 3D) with — 492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table L Periclimenes dolichosternum, new species. Branchial formula. Maxillipeds Pereiopods I II III III IV Pleurobranchs — — — Arthrobranchs — — — Podobranchs Epipods 1 1 Exopods 1 1 1 long, slender, simple palp; distal endite fur- veloped, small, 0.4-0.6 times as long as nished with long, simple and plumose setae; carapace; palm slightly swollen; dactylus proximal endite developed, rounded; cari- (Fig. 5C) elongate, 2.2-2.3 times as long as dean lobe broad, low; exopod with well de- palm, terminating in hooked, acutely point- veloped flagellum; epipod large, feebly bi- ed unguis, cutting edge with large, acute lobed. Second maxilliped (Fig. 3E) with subterminal tooth and 43-76 laterally situ- normal endopod; ischium and basis fused; ated, recurved, fine teeth; fixed finger (Fig. exopod with well developed flagellum; 5C) similar to dactylus. Carpus elongate, coxa inflated mesially; epipod small, sub- slightly widened distally, unarmed, 1.1-2.0 quadrate, without podobranch. Third max- times as long as chela. Merus elongate, un- illiped (Fig. 3F) with endopod slender, armed, 1.05-1.14 times as long as carpus. overreaching distal margin of antennal basi- Ischium slender, unarmed 0.9-1.0 times as cerite by full length of ultimate segment; long as carpus. ultimate segment tapering distally, ventral Third pereiopod (Fig. 4C) slender, over- surface with 5 transverse rows of simple se- reaching distal margin of scaphocerite by tae; penultimate segment 1.7-2.3 times as distal half of propodus and dactylus. Dac- long as ultimate segment, sparsely with tylus (Fig. 5D) slender, ventral margin simple setae mesially; antepenultimate seg- armed with 1 accessory tooth, unguis not ment with tufts of long simple setae on ven- clearly demarcated, about 2.5 times as long tral surface; coxal plate semiquadrate; ar- as accessory tooth. Propodus (Fig. 4C) 0.8- throbranch absent. 1.0 times as long as carpus, 4.0 times as Branchial formula as in Table 1. long as dactylus, with 2 long distoventral First pereiopod (Fig. 4A) slender, falling spines and equidistantly spaced set of 3 slightly short of distal end of scaphocerite. spines on ventral surface, dorsal surface Chela (Fig. 5B) 0.2-0.3 times as long as with few short setae. Carpus unarmed. Mer- carapace; palm slightly compressed, slight- us 1.4-1.5 times as long as carpus. Fourth ly longer than dactylus, with 3 transverse and fifth pereiopods similar in form to third. rows of short serrulate glooming setae Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 4D) proximally, with sparse setae anterior to short, slender, tapering distally, reaching rows of glooming setae; fingers each ter- proximal fifth of exopod, without appendix minating in small, hooked unguis, cutting interna. Endopod of male second pleopod edges situated laterally, entire. Carpus 1.6- (Fig. 4E) with appendices interna and mas- 2.2 times as long as chela, slightly widened culina arising from proximal third of mesial distally, with longitudinal row of serrulate margin; appendix interna slender, slightly glooming setae distomesially. Merus un- overreaching tip of appendix masculina, armed, 1.1-1.3 times as long as carpus. with few distal cincinnuli; appendix mas- Second pereiopods (Fig. 4B) slender, sim- culina slender, distally with 2 long setae ilar, overreaching distal margin of scapho- with fine setules. cerite by length of dactyli. Chela well de- Uropod (Fig. 2F) with protopodite pos- VOLUME NUMBER 116, 2 493 Fig. 4. Periclimenes dolichosternum, new species. A-C, holotype female, CMNH-ZC 00855; D, E, male paratype, CMNH-ZC 00802. A, right first pereiopod, lateral; B, right second pereiopod. lateral; C, right third pereiopod, lateral; D, male right first pleopod, dorsal; E, male second pleopod, dorsal. D, E, marginal setae omitted. Scales: A-C, E, 1.0 mm; D, 0.5 mm. terolaterally produced; exopod broad, dis- covered with dark brown spots. Posterior tinctly overreaching posterior margin of tel- part of uropod—s white. son, lateral margin straight, terminating in Etymology. From the Greek, dolichos small acute tooth, with larger mobile spine meaning long and the Greek sternon mean- proximesial to distolateral tooth; endopod ing breast, in reference to the characteristic, oval, slightly shorter than exopod. long third thoracic sternite of the new spe- — Color in life. Body and appendages cies. — generally transparent. Lateral part of cara- Ecological notes. Field notes taken at pace with oblique white band. Dorsal sur- Kume Island show the following: the spe- face of median carina of third abdominal cies lives beneath large pieces of coral rub- somite with large, white semiquadrate cir- bles (about 20 cm diameter) on a silty bot- cle. Posterior margin of sixth abdominal tom at a depth of 1.5 m. Any sessile inver- somite white. Antennular peduncle yellow- tebrates possibly being the host of shrimps ish brown. Scaphocerite whitish yellow. do not appear on surface or vicinity of the 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 5. PericUmenes dolichosternum, new species. A, ovigerous female paratype, NSMT-Cr 1989; B—D, ovigerous female paratype, NSMT-Cr 1988. A, tip of telson, dorsal; B, chela of right first pereiopod, mesial; C, fingers of right second pereiopod, mesial; D, dactylus of right third pereiopod, mesial. Scales: 100 ixm. — rubble. One to four individuals were found Distribution. Known only from the underneath one piece of rubble. When the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. — rubble was removed, shrimps always clung Remarks. Currently, the genus PericU- to the underside. The small and transparent menes is morphologically distinguished body of the shrimp is almost invisible in from other pontoniinid genera by the fol- muddy water. The specimens collected from lowing features (see Chace & Bruce 1993, Iriomote Island in 2000 lived around the Bruce 1994, Holthuis 1993): body slightly Halimeda green algae bed on sandy bottom compressed laterally; carapace armed with at depths of 25-30 m. well developed antennal and fixed hepatic VOLUME NUMBER 116, 2 495 Spines; dorsal and ventral blades of rostrum material available for this study. The Japa- dentate, with proximal part of rostrum not nese skillful divers, T Kawamoto and T. forming a supraorbital eave; pleura of first Takahashi kindly supported one of us (JO) five abdominal somites lacking acute pos- in capturing the specimens at Kume Island. teroventral angles; mandible lacking palp; We thank Y. Ikeda and K. Hagiwara for col- third maxilliped with or 1 arthrobranch; lecting the specimens from Iriomote Island exopod of third maxilliped well developed; during a short stay by one of us (MM) at dactyli of third to fifth pereiopods lacking the Tokai University, Okinawa Regional We hoof-like protuberances. Research Center, Iriomote Island. are Periclimenes dolichosternum can be sep- grateful to M. Takeda for his encourage- arated from other species of Periclimenes ment during this study, and S. De Grave, by the long third thoracic sternite, and long R. Lemaitre and two reviewers for their intermediate segment of the antennular pe- kind review and valuable comments to the duncle. The third thoracic sternite is about draft. four times as long as the fourth somite; therefore, in lateral view, the interval be- Literature Cited tween the third maxilliped and first pereio- Audouin, V. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches pod is wide. Although the length of third de Crustaces de FEgypte et de la Syrie, publiees thoracic sternite has previously been over- par Jules-Cesar Savigny, membre de I'lnstitut; looked, the space between third maxilliped offrant un exopose des caracteeres naturels des and first pereiopod can be used to distin- genres, avec la distinction des especes. Descrip- tion de TEgypte, ou recueil des observations et guish P. dolichosternum from other con- des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypt—e pen- generic species. The intermediate segment dant rExpedition de I'Armee Frangaise. His- of the antennular peduncle is about twice as toire Naturelle 1:77-98. (not seen) long as the distal segment, and the anten- Berggren, M. 1994. Periclimenes nomadophila and nular peduncle overreaches the distal mar- Tureariocaris sarec, two new species of pon- toniine shrimps (Decapoda: Pontoniinae), from gin of the scaphocerite. — Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Journal of Crus- The posterior protrusion of the tergum of tacean Biology 14:782-802. the third abdominal somite is found in some Bruce, A. J. 1969. Preliminary descriptions of sixteen Periclimenes species of the 'P. aesopius new species of the genus Periclimenes Costa, species group' (see Bruce 1990b, Okuno & 1844 —(Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia, Pontoni- Nomura 2002). In addition to the features inae). Zoologische Mededelingen 43:253- 278. mentioned above, P. dolichosternum is . 1990a. Periclimenesfranklini sp. nov., a new readily distinguished from species of 'P. deep-sea shrimp from the Coral Sea (Crustacea: — aesopius species group' by having the long- Decapoda: Palaemonidae). The Beagle, Re- er and slenderer pereiopods, numerous re- cords ofthe Northern Territory Museum ofArts and Sciences 7:55-64. curved teeth on the cutting edges ofthe sec- 1990b. A new cnidarian-associatedpalaemon- . ond pereiopodal fingers, the considerably id shrimp from Port Essington, Cobourg Pen- — wider corneal diameter than maximum insula, Australia. Indo-Malayan Zoology 6: width of eyestalk, and lacking a reflected 229-243. inner flange on the inferior orbital angle. . 1991. Crustacea Decapoda: further deep-sea palaemonid shrimps from New Caledonian wa- Thus, we did not consider P. dolichoster- ters. Pp. 299-411 in A. Crosnier, ed., Resultats num as the member of the 'P. aesopius spe- des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 9. Memoires cies group'. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (A) 152, 520 pp. 1994. A synopsis of the Indo-West Pacific Acknowledgments . genera of the Pontoniinae (Crustacea: Decapo- da: Palaemonidae). Koeltz Scientific Books, Our thanks go to the Japanese underwa- Konigstein, 172 pp. ter photographer, R. Minemizu, for making 1998. 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