: MemoirsofMuseumVictoria61(2):217-227(2004) ISSN 1447-2546(Print) 1447-2554(On-line) http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs/index.asp A new species of Quinquelaophonte (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Laophontidae) from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia GeneforK.Walker-Smith Marine Invertebrates Section, SouthAustralian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia and Marine BiologyLaboratory,MuseumVictoria,GPOBox666E,Melbourne,Vic.3001,Australia Presentaddress:InvertebrateZoology,TasmanianMuseumandArtGallery,GPOBox 1164,Hobart,Tasmania7001, Australia and School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia ([email protected]) Abstract Walker-Smith, G.K. 2004.Anew species ofQuinquelaophonte (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Laophontidae) fromPortPhillipBay,Victoria,Australia.MemoirsofMuseumVictoria61(2):217-227. A new species of Quinquelaophonte Wells, Hicks and Coull, 1982 from Port Phillip Bay, is separ- atedfromitscogenersbythepresenceoffiveelongatesetaeonPI exopod-2.ThePI exopod-2ofallotherspeciesof Quinquelaophontehastwolongsetaeandthreeshorterspines.Inaddition,thePI endopod-2ofthenewspecieshasan accessorysetathatislongerthantheterminalclaw.ThisconditionisalsopresentinQ.wellsi,theonlyotherspeciesof QuinquelaophontedescribedfromAustralia.ThenewspeciesbringsthetotalnumberofspeciesofQuinquelaophonte toten. Keywords Quinquelaophonte,Laophontidae,Harpacticoida,marineCopepoda,PortPhillipBay,Victoria,Australia Introduction Seagrass and sediment samples were collectedby hand (Walker- Smith,2003)andfixedin4%bufferedformalininsea-water.After(at Australia’sharpacticoidfaunaisdiverse. Inarecent survey of least) 48hours samples were washed over a 63-pm mesh sieve and harpacticoidsfromPortPhillipBaymorethan50specieswere retainedmaterialwastransferredto70%ethanol.Sampleswereexam- identified fromthe shallow subtidal seagrass and surrounding inedunderaZeissStemiSV 11 oraWildM8 stereomicroscopeand sandy areas (Walker-Smith, 2003). Itis estimated that only a harpacticoids were extracted using fine forceps. Harpacticoids were small percentage ofAustralian harpacticoid species has been dissectedinadropofglycerolonamicroslide,usingelectrolytically- described;94specieshavebeendescribedfrommarine,estuar- sharpened tungsten needles. Appendages were mounted in glycerol. ianreeianndexbcreascskiosfh3w0a0t0erspeeccoiessys(tGeimesr,e,al1t9h9o3;ugHhuwyosrletdwali.d,e19t9h6e)r.e McaoinncdtrroLasseltii,cdaeLesDiwtMzeRrDeicaeolxumaxpmoi2un2enddcoumsmiipcnorgoustnhcdroepmeeismcirwcoirstochospcNeoo)pm.easrIl(slOkulistyrimantptiueosrnfseBrwXeen5rc0ee Sixty-four of the species found in Australia are considered made with the aid ofa camera lucida. Once appendages were illu- endemic. strated, they were permanently mounted in Gurr’s Aquamount and Nine species ofQuinquelaophonteWells, Hicks andCoull, coverslips were sealed with clear nail varnish. Scanning electron 1982havebeendescribedfromaroundtheworld (Lee, 2003), micrographs were taken using a Philips XL20 scanning electron includingQ.wellsi(Hamond, 1973),whichwasdescribedfrom microscope(KV=10,spotsize3). a saline lake in South Australia. During a survey of Terminology used follows that of Huys and Boxshall (1991). Harpacticoida in Port Phillip Bay, a new species of Abbreviationsusedare:Al,antennulesorfirstantennae;A2,antennae Quinquelaophonte commononthe surface ofthe unvegetated orsecondantennae;Mxl,maxillules;Mx,maxillae;P1-P4,swimming sediment adjacent to the subtidal seagrass, Heterozostera legs1-4.IndividualsegmentsofP1-P4ramiarewritten(forexample) tasmanica(MartensexAscherson)denHartog,wasdiscovered. asPIexopod-3,whichreferstothethirdorterminalsegmentofthePI This new species was rarely found among the seagrass itself uerxoepmoedn.tsPa5reanfdroPm6trheefbearsteootfhethfeifrtohsatnrdumstioxtthhelepgoss.teTroitoarlmlaernggtihnmoefatsh-e (Walker-Smith, 2003). Several other species of Quin- caudal rami (caudal setae are excluded). Armature formulae (also quelaophonte are considered to be sediment-surface dwellers; knownasthesetalformulae)forswimminglegs areconstructedfol- Q. wellsi, Q. candelabrum Wells, Hicks and Coull, 1982 and lowingthemethodsofLang(1934)(alsoseeHuysandBoxshall,1991 Q. longifurcata (Lang, 1965) (Hamond, 1973; Wells et al., 29). The term “armature” is used to refer collectively to setae and 1982;Lang, 1965). spines.TypematerialisheldinMuseumVictoria(NMV)andtheSouth AustralianMuseum(SAM). . 1 218 GeneforK.Walker-Smith Table 1.DistributionofQuinquelaophontespecies Species Distribution Reference Q.brevicomis(T.Scott, 1894) Ghana T.Scott, 1894 Q.quinquespinosa(Sewell, 1924) India:ChilkaLake,Orissa Sewell, 1924 Egypt:LakeMenzaleh Gurney, 1927 Bermuda Willey, 1930;Lang, 1948 Tunisia:Goulette Monard, 1935 Reunion Chappuisetal., 1956 Angola:Benguela Candeias, 1959 USA:PugetSound,Seattle,WashingtonState Wieser, 1959 France:Marseilles Bodin, 1964;Hamond, 1973 Mozambique:InhacaIsland Wells, 1967 Seychelles:Aldabra WellsandMcKenzie, 1973 AndamanIslands WellsandRao, 1987 Q.capillata(Wilson, 1932) USA: KatamaBay,MarthasVineyard,Massachusetts; Wilson, 1932;Coull, 1976, 1986 NorthInlet,Georgetown,SouthCarolina Coull, 1986 Bahamas:Eleuthera;CrookedIsland Fiers, 1986 Q. longifurcata(Lang, 1965) USA:California Lang, 1965 Q.parasigmoides(Bozic, 1969) Reunion:StPhillippe Bozic, 1969 Q.wellsi(Hamond, 1973) Australia:RobeandBeachport,SouthAustralia Hamond, 1973 Q.candelabrumWells,HicksandCoull, 1982 NewZealand:RaionPoint,PauatahanuiInlet,Porima Wells,HicksandCoull, 1982 Harbour,Wellington;PapanuiInlet,OtagoPeninsula; WhangateauHarbour,Northland;Avon-HeathcoteEstuary, Christchurch;Hobson’sBay,WaitemataHarbour,Auckland Q.bunakenensisMielke, 1997 Indonesia: Sulawesi Mielke, 1997 Q.koreanaLee,2003 Korea:Taean Lee,2003 Q.prolixasetaesp.nov. Australia:PortPhillipBay,Victoria presentstudy QuinquelaophonteWells,HicksandCoull, 1982 should be considered synonymous with it. However, Lee (2003)rejectedthis,insteadbelievingconfirmationofthesyn- QuinquelaophonteWells,HicksandCoull,1982: 178-179. onymy required examination of more specimens, from more Typespecies.LaophontequinquespinosaSewell, 1924. localitiesandIagree. In his catalogue of marine harpacticoids, Bodin (1997) Diagnosis. A1 of female with 5 or 6 segments; A2 exopod listedParonychocamptuswilsoni Coull, 1976 as ajunior syn- reduced, 1-segmented; P2-P4exopods ofmale stronglymodi- onym of Q. capillata but Lee and Huys (1999) recognized fied;P2endopodofmalenotmodified(sameasforfemale);P5 P. wilsoni as a valid species and I support this. Inspection of ofmale reduced to 4-5 setae arising fromthe somitemargin; Coull’s (1976) illustrations ofP. wilsonirevealed distinct dif- caudal rami with 3 terminal setae, only one ofwhich is well ferences betweenthis species and Q. capillata. Firstly, the P3 developed(setaV). endopod-2ofmaleP. wilsoniis modified andhas a spine-like Species. Quinquelaophonte brevicomis (T. Scott, 1894); distal outgrowth and this modification does not occur in Q.quinquespinosa(Sewell, 1924);Q.capillata(Wilson, 1932); Q. capillata.Secondly,theP5exopodofthemaleiswelldevel- Q. longifurcata(Lang, 1965);Q.parasigmoides(Bozic, 1969); opedandhasfoursetaeinP wilsonibutisreducedandrepre- Q. wellsi (Hamond, 1973); Q. candelabrum Wells, Hicks and sented by five setae in Q. capillata. For all other species of Coull, 1982; Q. bunakenensis Mielke, 1997; Q. koreana Lee, QuinquelaophontetheP5exopodofmaleisreduced.TheP5of 2003; Q.prolixasetaesp.nov. femaleP. wilsonihasonlyfoursetaeonthebaseoendopodand five setae on the exopod, while in Q. capillata there are five Distribution. SeeTable 1 setae on the baseoendopod and six setae on the exopod. The Habitat.Marine,intertidalandshallowsubtidal;insalinelakes; caudal setae ofthe two species also differ; P. wilsonihas two sandandmud.Frequentlyrecordedindetritus-richhabitats. well developed terminal setae but Q.—capillata has only one welldevelopedterminalseta(setaV) thepossessionofonly Remarks. Fiers (1986) discovered specimens of Q. quinque- one well developed caudal seta is a character state defining spinosa(fromtheWestIndies)andnotedthespecimenshadan Quinquelaophonte. The setal formula for the swimming legs “interesting feature”: the inner distal edge of P3 endopod- alsovariesbetweenthesespecies(Table2).Lastly,whenCoull withafew“longandfragilehairs”(Fiers, 1986: 142).Because (1986) re-examined Wilson’s type material he discovered the Fiers(1986)believedthese“hairs”resembledtheinnersetaof A2 exopod of Q. capillata had three setae, and not two as Q. parasigmoides, he suggested Q. parasigmoideswas within originally reported. The A2 exopod of P. wilsoni has only the range of variability of Q. quinquespinosa and therefore twosetae. Newspeciesofharpacticoidcopepod 219 Table 2. Comparison of the setal formulae of Quinquelaophonte capillata and Paronychocamptus wilsoni. Endp = endopod; exp=exopod. Segmentsofswimminglegs P2endp-2 P3exp-3 P3endp-3 P4exp-3 P4endp-2 Q. capillata 1.2.0 1.2.3 2.2.1 1.2.3 1.1.1 P. wilsoni 2.2.0 2.2.3 3.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.0 Quinquelaophonteprolixasetae sp.nov. Figures 1-8 Materialexamined. Holotype.NMVJ52388 (ovigerousfemale, on8 slides).Australia,Victoria,PortPhillipBay:attheendofGrandScenic Drive, in front of the Sands Caravan Park, Moolap (38°09.92'S 144°28.42'E). Collected from the surface ofunvegetated sediments, adjacentto subtidalseagrassbedsofHeterozostera tasmanica (water depthapproximately 1m),G.K.Walker-Smith, 17Nov1997. Paratypes. NMV J52389 (1 male, allotype, on 6 slides), NMV J53020 (1 femaleon5 slides),NMVJ53110 (1 femaleon5 slides), NMVJ53111(1femaleon1 slide),NMVJ53112(1maleon 1slide), NMV NMV J53021 (20 adult females and 2 juveniles), J53022 (9males),SAMC6096(20females,including2ovigerousand4juve- niles),SAMC6097(9males),SAMC6098(8femalesonaSEMstub), SAMC6099(4malesonanSEMstub).Allparatypescollectedwith theholotype. NMV NMV Other material. J48528 (13 specimens), J48529 (3 NMV NMV specimens), 48530(5specimens), J48531(12specimens), NMV NMV NMV J48532 (29 specimens), J48533 (3 specimens), J48535(103specimens).Collectiondataasforholotype. Diagnosis.A1offemale6-segmented;A2exopodwith3setae; PI exopod-2 with 5 thin, elongate setae; PI endopod-2 acces- sory setae longer than terminal claw; P3 exopod-3 offemale with 1 inner seta; P3 endopod-2 of female with 5 setae; P4 exopod-3 of female without inner seta; P4 endopod-2 with 3 setae; P5 exopod offemale with 6 setae; P5 ofmale with 5 setae. Adultdimensions. Females: meanlength0.85 mm±0.05 mm (n=22).Males: meanlength0.82mm±0.03mm(n=21). Description offemale. Body taperingposteriorly (Fig. 1A-B). Figure 1. Quinquelaophonteprolixasetae sp. nov., female, paratype Rostrumfusedto cephalothorax, with2 sensillae. Cleardelin- (NMVJ53020):A,habitus,dorsalview;B,habitus,lateralview. eation ofbody somites. Somite margins with setules. Hyaline frillpresentonsomiteprecedinganalsomite.Analsomitewith anal operculum (Figs 3D, 8D). Caudal rami length 3 times laterallyand3geniculatesetaeand2pinnatespinesterminally. width(Fig. 3D); 3 setaeonlateralmargin(Figs3D, 8C), setaI Endopod also with spinules laterally and a subapical hyaline minute (difficultto seeundercompoundmicroscope), setaIV frill. reduced, seta V well developed and covered with minute Mouthparts. Labrum with setules along anterior margin spinules (onlyvisibleviaSEM)(Figs3D, 8C),terminalacces- (Figs 2G, 7A). Paragnaths as infigures 2Hand7A. Mandible sory seta (VI) on inner subdistal corner, dorsal seta (VII) with well developed gnathobase (Fig. 2C), palp 1-segmented triarticulateatthebase. andwith4setae(endopodandexopodfusedtobasis),endopod Antennule 6-segmented (Fig. 2A), aesthetasc fusedbasally representedby3 setae,exopodrepresentby 1 seta,basalarma- tosetaonsegment4,terminalsegmentwithsmalleraesthetasc turerepresentbyalargerpinnateseta.Maxillule(Figs2D,7A) fused basally to 2 setae (i.e. tritheck). Antenna with allo- arthrite with 6 spines and a row of setae on the posterior basis (Fig. 2B), abexopodal seta reduced to a small spine no surface,alsowith 1 setaonlateralmargin;coxawith 1 smooth different from the surrounding spines, exopod reduced to seta, 1 long spine and a row of spinules on upper sur- single segment with 3 setae. Endopod with 2 pinnate spines face; endopod and basis fused, endopod represented by Newspeciesofharpacticoidcopepod 221 Figure3.Quinquelaophonteprolixasetaesp.nov.,female,holotype(NMVJ52388):A,PI;C,P2.B,P2Q.wellsi(redrawnfromHamond, 1973). Female,paratype(NMVJ53020):D,caudalramiandanalsomite. 2 setae, basis endite with 2 smooth setae and 1 long spine; Basis with2rows ofspinules and2 spinulose spines. Exopod exopod 1-segmented and with 2 smooth setae. Maxilla (Figs 2-segmented, exopod-1 with 3 rows ofspinules and 1 unipin- 2E,7B)syncoxawith3endites,firstenditewith1 spinoseseta, nate spine, exopod-2 with 5 elongate, smooth setae. Endopod middle endite with 2 setae and 1 pinnate spine, distal endite 2-segmented, endopod-1 withfine setules along innermargin, with 1 pinnatespineand2 setae; allobasiswithapinnateclaw endopod-2with 1 spinuloseclaw,3 setaeonlateralmarginand and2smoothsetaeinsertedatthebaseoftheclaw,alsowith3 2 shortsetaeatthebaseoftheclaw,terminalaccessory setais lateralsetaethatareremnantsoftheendopod.Maxilliped(Fig. morethantwicethelengthoftheclaw. 2F), prehensile, syncoxa with 2 setae, basis without orna- P2-P4 exopod 3-segmented, endopod 2-segmented (Figs mentation, endopod represented by terminal claw with 1 seta 3C, 4A-B). P2endopodreachingjustbeyonddistalmarginof andsomedistalspinules. P2exopod-2(Fig. 3C).P3endopodnotreachingbeyonddistal PI (Figs 3A, 8A-B) coxa with spinules on outer margin. margin of P3 exopod-2 (Fig. 4A). P4 endopod not reaching 222 GeneforK.Walker-Smith Figure 4. Quinquelaophonteprolixasetae sp. nov., female, holotype (NMVJ52388):A,P3;B,P4. beyond distal margin of P4 exopod-2 (Fig. 4B). P3 and P4 endopod-2withouttubepore. Armatureformulaeforswimminglegs: Figure 5. Quinquelaophonte prolixasetae sp. nov. male, paratype Exopod Endopod (NMVJ52389): A, PI andintercoxal sclerite; B, P2 andintercoxal sclerite; D, section of urosome, ventral view showing P5 and P6. P2 0.1.123 0.120 Female,holotype(NMVJ52388):C,P5. P3 0.1.123 0.221 P4 0.1.023 0.120 Distribution. Australia,Victoria,PortPhillipBay, specifically: P5 baseoendopod (Fig. 5C), outer setophore with 1 seta, Blairgowrie,StLeonards,GrassyPoint,PointRichards,Clifton endopodal lobe with 2 serrate spines and 3 smooth setae, SpringsandMoolap. endopodal lobe not reaching to distal margin on exopod. Remarks. Although all appendages ofthe holotype have been Exopodlonger than wide, with 3 pinnate setae and 3 smooth mounted on microscope slides, the orientation ofthe mouth- setae,aswellassomespinules. parts didnotallowforclearillustration, thus mouthpartshave Description ofmale. Male same as for female except for the been illustrated using paratypes. Careful comparison of the following:A1 subchirocerandwithoutsetaonsegment-1 (Figs holotypeandparatypesweremade. 21,7C-F);P2-P4largerandmorechitinised(Figs5B, 6A-B), lateral spines longer, exopod-3 almost at right angles to exo- Discussion pod-2. P4 endopod-2 more than 2 times length ofendopod-1. Quinquelaophonte prolixasetae is the second species of the P5reducedto5 setae(Fig. 5D). genus described fromAustralia and is distinguished from its Etymology. Prolixus (Latin): stretched out, long; plus setae cogenersbythepresenceoffiveelongatesetaeonthePI exo- (Latin): bristles; referring to the five elongate setae on PI pod-2. All other species of Quinquelaophonte have two long exopod-2. setae and three spines on PI exopod-2 (Pig. 3B). Newspeciesofharpacticoidcopepod 223 Quinquelaophonte prolixasetae is most closely related to Q. appears exactlylikethe otherallobasis spinules. I was unable wellsi (the otherAustralian species) sharing theunusual char- to distinguished the abexopodal seta of Q. prolixasetae from acter ofthe PI endopod-2 accessory seta longer than the ter- the other spinules on the ventralmargin ofthe allobasis. The minal claw. Character states separating Q. prolixasetae from abexopodal seta of Q. bunakenensis, Q. candelabrum and Q. wellsi are: P3 exopod-3 with one inner seta (two in Q. wellsi is longer than the neighbouring allobasis spinules Q. wellsi), P4 exopod-3 without an inner seta (with one in (Mielke, 1997;Wellsetal., 1982; Hamond, 1973). Themaxil- Q.wellsi)andthesetationofPIexopod-2asmentionedabove. lule of Q. prolixasetae also differed from that of Q. koreana ManyillustrationsofspeciesofQuinquelaophontelackfine having a shortlateral setaonthe lateralmargin ofthe arthrite detail, however, in arecentpaper (Lee, 2003) several smaller insteadofalongone, asfoundin Q. koreana. Theillustration features,possiblyomittedbypreviousauthors,wereillustrated. ofthe maxillule arthrite ofQ. wellsi did notinclude alateral Lee(2003)notedtheabexopodalsetaontheA2ofQ. koreana seta (Hamond, 1973). Quinquelaophonte bunakenensis and wasa“tiny...pinnateseta”.InmostillustrationsoftheA2(of Q.parasigmoidesbothhavealongsetaonthedistalendofthe otherQuinquelaophontespecies)nodistinctionhasbeenmade maxillule arthrite (Mielke, 1997; Bozic, 1969). Lee (2003) between the abexopodal seta and the other spinules on the noted P3 and P4 endopod-2 of Q. koreana possessed a tube allobasis.Thislackofdistinctionmaybebecausethedifference pore. This characterstatewas notobservedin Q. prolixasetae went unnoticed or it may simply be that the abexopodal seta and has not been illustrated for any other species of 224 GeneforK.Walker-Smith Figure7.Quinquelaophonteprolixasetaesp.nov.Female(SAMC6098):A,mouthparts:a,labmm;b,paragnath;c,Mxl;Mx;B,Mx.Male(SAM C6099):C,A1 (open)dorsalview;D,A1dorsalview;E,A1ventralview;F,A1 ventralviewcloseup. Quinquelaophonte. The possession a single well developed Some ofthecharacterstates distinguishing Q. prolixasetae terminal seta (V) onthecaudalrami is adiagnostic feature of fromallotherspeciesofQuinquelaophontearelistedintable3. Quinquelaophonte. SetaVand setaIV arefusedbasallyin Q. koreanabutarenotfusedinQ.prolixasetae.Thedistalhalfof Acknowledgements setaVofQ. koreanahastinyspinulescoveringthesurfacebut the entire length ofsetaV ofQ. prolixasetae, is covered with This work was supported (in part) by a grant from the minutespinules. Australian Biological Resources Study. I would like to thank Newspeciesofharpacticoidcopepod 225 226 GeneforK.Walker-Smith Figure8. Quinquelaophonteprolixasetaesp.nov.female(SAMC6098):A,PI dorsalview;B,PI endopod-2andclaw;C,caudalrami,ventro- lateralview;D,analoperculumandcaudalrami,dorsalview. two anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments lead to douce a la Reunion. Memoires de I’Institut Scientifique de the improvement ofthis manuscript. Thanks to the staff and Madagascar11A:51-78. students from the Marine Biology Laboratory at Museum Coull, B.C. 1976. On the two laophontid harpacticoid copepods Victoriaforallowingmetousetheirmicroscopes.Thanksalso describedbyWilsonasLaophontecapillata,withkeystothegenus to Lyn Waterhouse from Adelaide Microscopy for her Paronychocamptus. Transactions ofthe American Microscopical assistancewiththeSEM. CoulSlo,ciBe.tCy.951(918)6:.3A5-n4e5w.speciesofPseudobradyaandtherediscovery References and correction of Quinquelaophonte capillata (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). Transactions of the American Microscopical Bodin, P. 1964. Recherches surlasystematiqueetladistributiondes Society105(2): 121-129. CopepodesHarpacticoidesdessubstratesmeublesdesenvironsde Fiers,F. 1986. HarpacticoidCopepodafromtheWestIndianislands: Marseille. Recueil des travaux de la Station marine d’Endoume. Laophontidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Bijdragen tot de FacultedesSciencesdeMarseille51(35): 107-183. Dierkunde55(2):331-426. Bodin,P. 1997. Catalogueofthenewmarineharpacticoidcopepods. Giere, O. 1993. Meiobenthology: the microscopicfauna in aquatic L’lnstitutRoyaldesSciencesNaturellesdeBelgique:Bmssels.304 sediments. Springer-Verlag:Berlin.328pp. pp. Gumey,R.1927.ZoologicalresultsoftheCambridgeexpeditiontothe Bozic,B. 1969.CopepodesHarpacticoidesdelaReunion.Bulletindu SuezCanal, 1924. 23. ReportontheCrustacea-Copepoda(littoral MuseumNationald'HistoireNaturelle41(4): 867-882. and semi-parasitic). Transactions of the Zoological Society of Candeias,A. 1959.Contributiontotheknowledgeoftheharpacticoids London22:451-577. (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the littoral ofAngola. Publicagoes Hamond, R. 1973. The harpacticoid copepods (Crustacea) of the CulturaisdaCompanhiadeDiamantesdeAngola45:77-104. saline lakes in southeast Australia, with special reference to Chappuis, P.A., Delamare Deboutteville, C., and Paulian, R. 1956. the Laophontidae. Records of the Australian Museum 28(17): Cmstaces des eaux souterraines littorals d’une resurgence d’eau 393-420.