THE NAUTILUS 120(4):150-155, 2006 Page 150 A new species of Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) from the Atlantic Ocean Marta Dominguez Francisco J. Garcia Jesus S. Troncoso Area de Biologi'a Animal Departamento de Fisiologfa y Zoologia Area de Biologia Animal Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Facultad Biologia; Universidad de Sevilla Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad de Vigo Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla Universidad de Vigo Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo SPAIN Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo SPAIN [email protected] SPAIN [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT SYSTEMATICS Diseodoridid nudibranchs belonging to the genus Hoplodoris Family Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Bergh, 1880 have not been recorded previously from Atlantic Genus Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 waters. In the present paper a new species found in Ilha de Cabo Frio (Cabo Frio Island), Brazil (Arraial doCabo, State of Hoplodoris hansrosaorum new species RiodeJaneiro),isdescribedandillustrated. The newspeciesis compared with other species of Hoplodoris. The new species (Figures 1—14) can be distinguished from other species byits distinctive body colorpattern andbycharacters ofthe reproductive system and Description: ExternalAnatomy (Figures 1, 2): Liv- radular morphology. ing animal measuring 27 mm length. Body oval, mantle covered with rounded tubercles. Coloration on central Additional Keywords: Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, sea slug, dorsum of living animal orange-brown, becoming whit- Discodorididae, Hoplodoris hansrosaorum. ish-orange toward mantle edge. Bounded orange-brown spots around median dorsum, among rounded tubercles. Opaque white ring present at base of tubercles, tubercle tip pale-orange. Bliinophores orange, terminally with INTRODUCTION pale-cream tip. rhinophores with approximately 15 lamellae. Branchial leaves six, tripinnate. Two anterior Up to now, seven species ofHoplodoris Bergh, 1880 are leaves yellowish-cream, two posterior leaves orange. Me- known (Fahey and Gosliner, 2003). Some species had dian leaves with orange base, upper half yellowish- been previously assigned to the genus Carminodoris cream. Foot narrow and elongated, with notch on ante- Bergh, 1889. The original descriptions of the genera rior side. Oral tentacles two, short. Color of mantle un- Hoplodoris and Carminodoris were done by Bergh (in derside whitish, with severalbrown orange spots on each 1880 and 1889, respectively). However, the incomplete side of foot. descriptions of type species and the lack oi additional Buccal Armature (Figures 3-13): Radular formula specimens since the original descriptions are some ofthe 24x31.0.31. Lateral teeth hook-shaped with denticles reasons for the difficulties in undertaking taxonomic re- along outer margin ofcusp (Figure 3, 9). Middle radular search in this group (Fahey and Gosliner, 2003). Since teeth with a more elongate cusp with approximately 14 the 1880s, different authors have compiled a list oi the denticles. Inner side ofcusp devoid of denticles (Figure distinguishing characters of Hoplodoris (Thompson, 8). Approximately eight outermost lateral teeth usually 1975; Miller, 1991; Valdes, 2002). Fahey and Gosliner Hat, shaped as elongate plates; plates closely packed to- (2003) examined discodorid specimens from the type lo- gether (Figure 10, 11). Each plate surrounded by very calities and concluded that the genus Carminodoris is a fine denticles, plates becoming smaller toward external junior synonym oi Hoplodoris; however, later, Dayrat side of radula (Figures 4, 12). Labial cuticle with elon- ami Oosliiier (2005) retained both genera. gate jaw rodlets, some rodlets with rounded tips and The genus Hoplodoris lias thus far only been found in other irregularly tipped (Figures 5, 13). the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The present study is the Reproductive System (Figures fi, 7, 14): Bulbous lirsl record oiHoplodoris from the Atlantic Ocean. ampullafolded into itself. Prostate rounded, lyingnextto An abbreviation used in the text is MZUSP, for Museu ampulla, narrowing into deferent duct. Deferent duct de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo (lira/ill. widening into penial bulb. Bursa copulatrix large, ovate. M. Dominguez et al., 2006 Page 151 Figure 1-2. Hoplodoris hansrosaorum. Living holotvpe. nil length. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. Figures 3-7. Hoplodoris hansrosaorum. 3. Middle lateral tooth showing the denticles. 4. The three outer lateral teeth. 5. [aw rodlets. 6. Reproductive system (ag: accessory gland; amp: ampulla; be: bursa copulatrix; dd: deferent duct; fg: female gland; ga: genitalatrium;hd:hermaphroditeduct;pb:penialbulb;pr:prostate; rs:receptaculumseminis;st: stylet;vd:vaginalduct). 7. Detail ofthe accessory gland duct with the stvlet. Scale lines (3-5) = 10 |xm; (6) = 0.5 mm. Paee 152 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 120, No. 4 Figures 8-14. Hoplodoris hansrosaorum. S. Inner lateral teeth, showing the inner margin ol tile cusp. 9. Middle lateral teeth. 10-12. Outer lateral teeth. 13. law rodlets. 14. Stylet with broken tip Scale lines (8, 9. 11. 13) = 20 |xm; (1(1, 14) = 5(1 u,m; (12) = 10 |xm. Bursa about three times as large as reeeptacuhiin semi- Type Locality: Collected in the intertidal zone at Ilha nis. Vagina) duct emerging from base ofbursa, thick and de ( labo I'Yio (Caho brio Island), Arraial do Cabo, State limped. (Dissection ol the only available specimen did of Rio de faneiro, Brazil. not revealthe presence ol genital armature.) Large, elon- Etymology: The species is named alter Hans Bertsch, gate accessory gland present, opening into genital great friend and malacologist, and his wile Rosa. atrium. < damI lias narrow duel armed with long, tapering stylet (Figures 7, 14). DISCUSSION Holotype: MZUSP 52190, 27 mm length, colls. Jesus Several characters allocate the species into the genus S. Troncoso and Francisco |. Garcia, 28 |ul\ L999 Hoplodoris: species in this genus are characterized by M. Domfnguez et al„ 2006 Page L53 Table 1. Diagnostic characters in species ol Hoplodoris. II. hansrosaorum II. aniuiln II. bifurcata H bramale References Dominguez et al. Baba, 1993 Fahey and Gosliner, Fahey and Gosliner, (present study) 2003 2003 Distribution Brazil Japan Hawaii, Japan, Pacific Coast ofCosta Philippines and Rica Okinawa Ground color ol Brown orange central Yellowish gray with some (Jray with mottled Brown or tan dorsum dorsum, and whitish brown Hecks shades ol darker grays orange towards the and reddish- mantle edge browns. Central red-brown band Tubercle coli Brown orange, with a Brown with a white ring With a white ring at the Brown with a white ring white ring at the base basallv. Some base, followed by a at the base specimens prominently reddish-brown or tan capped with chocolate ring, and a white tip brown Tubercles Rounded Bounded ol different Large, round and Large and rounded morphology sizes tapered Rhinophore color Orange with cream tip Dark yellowish gray Tan color with white tip Brown with a white tip Branchial leaf Anterior leaves, yellow Darker yellowish gray Tan with whitish flecks Light tan color and middle and leaves the anterior leaves. posterior leaves orange Red-brown the posterior Radula Formula: 24 x 31.0,31. Formula: 45 x Formula: 25 x 31.0.31. Formula: 28 x 38.0.38. Middle lateral teeth 50-60.0.50-60. Innermost lateral tooth Innermost and middle with about 14 Smooth teeth bifid. Middle radular teeth smooth. Two denticles. The eight teeth with 5-8 outermost teeth outermost lateral teeth denticles. Two or smaller and are elongated plates three outermost teeth denticulate widi denticles. No shorter and denticlate hamate. aw rodlets With rounded and Fibrous Irregularly tipped Irregularly tipped and | irregular tip with irregular edges Accessory gland One long large gland Two glands One large and bulbous Two bulbous glands gland Receptaculum Much smaller than the Small and elongate Much smaller than the About the same size as seminis bursa copulatrix bursa copulatrix the bursa copulatrix Ampulla Bulbous, doubled on Elongated Long, thin and tubular Lone, thin and tubular itself presence of simple, rounded tubercles covering the dor- particularly in relation to their radular teeth. Hoplodoris sum, head with two conical oral tentacles, anterior bor- hansrosaorum has teeth with denticles on the outer mar- der of the loot groined and notched, labial armature gin, and jawelements with rounded tip, whereas H bra- armed with jaw elements, radula composed of denticu- male has teeth devoid of denticles, except for the two late hamate teeth, and reproductive svstem with a large outermostones; the jawrodlets areirregularlytipped and andpedunculatedaccessoryglandarmedwitheopulatory haveirregularedges. Differences inthe reproductive sys- spine (Valdes, 2002). tem also distinguish the two species. Hoplodoris bramale Hoplodoris hansrosaorum new species is externally has long and tubular ampulla, two accessory glands, and similar to H. bramale Fahey and Gosliner, 2003, and H. the receptaculum seminis is about the same size as the grandiflora (Pease, I860) from Indo-Pacific. The bursa copulatrix. However, H. hansrosaorum has a thick mandes ofbothH. bramale andH. grandiflora arebrown ampulla, one accessory gland, and the receptaculum and have tubercles surrounded In a white ring, but // seminis is about a third the size ofthe bursa copulatrix. hansrosaorum has abrown-orange central dorsum and is The radular teeth ofH. hansrosaorum and H. grandi- white-orange toward the mantle edge. Hoplodoris bra- flora are similar. Both species have lateral teeth with up male and H. grandiflora have tan or brown rhinophores to 14 denticles on the outer edge of the cusp, and the and gill leaves, whereas the rhinophores of H. hansro- outerlateralteeth have small denticles. Hoplodoris hans- saorum are orange and the gill leaves are cream and rosaorum has approximatelyeightoutermost lateral teeth orange. as plates, which arc very close to each other, and each Internallv. H. hansrosaorum differs from H hi plate is surrounded by very fine denticles. However, H. Page 154 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 120, No. 4 Table 1. Continued. H. estrelyado H. flanunea H. grandijlora H. nodulosa Gosliner and Behrens, 1998; Fahey and Gosliner, 2003 Fahey and Gosliner, 2003 Fahey and Gosliner, 2003 Fahey and Gosliner, 2003 Philippine Islands, Western Indonesia Hawaii, Philippines, Eastern Australia, Western Australia, Vietnam, Tanzania, Palau, Australia and Indonesia, Marshall Mauritius, Kerama Island NewZealand Islands, Solomon Islands, and Madagascar Coral Sea Tan with brown and white Reddish-mottled brown or Brown or tan. Some Gray to yellows and specks tan. Bright red central specimens with dark spots reddish-browns, with dorsum, with white areas near the mantle edge. mottled shades ofdarker around them Others with a dark ring of hues. Color more distinct tubercles on dorsum on the central dorsum White patch with yellow Bright red in the center of Some specimens with areas On the central dorsum the center, surrounds a the dorsum, with white ofwhite tubercles as tubercles have the same medial group ofbrown ring at the base. Reddish- perpendicular rays along coloration ofmantle. tubercles. Some white, brown tubercles along the the mantle edge Tubercles with white ring and tan tubercles. mantle edge, some of at base towards the them with white tip. mantle edge Large tapering tubercles Large and rounded Large and rounded Large, round and tapered Reddish brown with white Tan and brown with white Light tan with white tip Tan with a white tip specks tip Tan with brown and white Light gray with tan tips Light tan with frosted tips Tan anterior leaves with specks whitish flecks. The posterior leaves can be a darker color Formula: 26 x 65.0.65. Formula: 31 x 50.0.50. Formula: 26—40 x Formula: 25 x 53.0.53. Innermost lateral teeth Innermost lateral tooth 40-116.0.116-40. Smooth innermost and with two denticles on with a secondary cusp. Innermost lateral teeth middle teeth. Four outer edge. Middle teeth Middle lateral teeth with with or without denticles. outermost lateral teeth with up to 11 denticles. about 8 denticles. Five Middle lateral teeth with short and denticulate Outermost teeth with outermost teeth small and up 14 denticles. Two or 6-] denticles denticulate three outermost teeth I hamate with denticles. Irregularly tipped Irregularly tipped and with Irregularly tipped Irregularly tipped knurls along the length One very large irregularly- One bulbous gland One long and tubular gland Two long and bulbous shaped gland glands Smaller than the bursa About halfthe size ofthe Much smaller than the Much smaller than the copulatrix bursa copulatrix bursa copulatrix bursa copulatrix Thick and tubular Long, thin and tubular Thick and tubular Long and tubular grandiflora has outer lateral teeth with small denticles, have awhite ring at the base ofthe dorsal tubercles, but andthetwoorthreepenultimatelateralteetharehamate H. bifurcata has also a red-brown or tan ring on the and much shorterthan the rest. The reproductive system tubercles and a white tip. Hoplodoris bifurcata has tan ol the two species are similar, but the ampulla and the and white rhinophores, the anterior gill leaves are tan accessory gland of H. grandiflora are long and tubular with whitish flecks ofcolor, and the posterior leaves are (bulbous in H. hansrosaorum). red-brown. This coloration differs from that ol H. hans- There are differences between Hoplodoris hansro- rosaorum, because the rhinophores are orange with a saorum and other Hoplodoris species. For example, the pale cream tip, and the gill leaves are yellow-cream and coloration of Hoplodoris bifurcate (Baba, 1993) is com- orange. Further, the radular morphologydiffers between plex and variegated (Fahev and Gosliner, 2003). 'flic these species. Theinnermost lateraltooth ol H. bifurcata background color in this latter species is gray with is bifid, the middle teeth have a cusp with 5-8 denticles, mottled shades ofdarker grays and reddish-browns scat- and the 2-3 outermost lateral teeth are denticulate tered over the mantle, whereas //. hansrosaorum has plates Hoplodoris hansrosaorum has an innermost lat- whitish-orange background color. Hoplodoris bifurcata eral tooth with one cusp, the middle teeth have a cusp has a red-brown band of color band on the central dor- with about 14 denticles, and the eight outermost lateral sum, which is lacking in //. hansrosaorum. both species teeth are denticulate plates. M. Dommeiiez et al., 2006 Page 155 The background color ofHoplodoris nodulosa (Angas, has been partially supported by the projects PHB2002- Slip ranges from gray to yellow and reddish-brown; a 0045-PC and CGL2004-20366-E7BOS, ofthe Ministerio I white ring mav be present at the base on the tubercles. de Educacion y Ciencia (MEC, Spain). That species differs from //. hansrosaorum by its tan- colored rhinophores and tan gill leaves with whitish LITEBATUBE CITED flecks. Furthermore, the four outermost radular teeth of // nodulosa are denticulate (the rest are smooth), and Bergh, R. 1880. Malacologische Untersuchungen. Theil 4, there are two accessory glands in the reproductive sys- Suppl. 2. In: C. Semper(ed.) ReisenimArchipel der Phil- tem. ippinen. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, pp. 51-56. Main internal and external morphological characters Bergh, R. 1889. Malacologische Untersuchungen.Theil 3, Heft that can be used to distinguish among the species of 16. In: C. Semper (ed.), Reisen im Archipel der Philip- Hoplodoris are compiled in Table 1. pinen. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, pp. 815-872, pis. 82-84 In relation to geographic distribution, the species H. Davrat, B. and T. M. Gosliner. 201)5. Species names and meta- grandiflora, H. bifurcata. H. nodulosa, H. bramale, H. phvly: a case study in Discodorididae (Mollusca, Gas- tropoda, Euthyneura, Nudibranchia, Doridina). Zoological estrelyado Gosliner and Behrens, 1998, H. flammea Fa- Scripta 34: 199-224. khenxowanndonGolsylifnreorm, 2t0he03P.acainfdic//a.nadrmIantdaia(nBaObcae,an1.99T3)h,eraer-e Faheyt,heS.DJi.saconddorGoisdliidnaeer,gTe.neMr.a 2H0o0p3l.odMoirsitsakBeenrgihd,ent1it8i8e0s:aOnnd tore. H. hansrosaorum is the first record of Hoplodoris Carminodoris Bergh, 1889 (Opisthobranchia, Nudibran- from the Atlantic Ocean. chia). Proceedings of the California Academy ofSciences 54(10): 169-208. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Miller. M. C. 1991. On the identity of the dorid nudibranch Homoiodoris novaezelandiae Bergh, 1904 (Gastropoda: The authors are very grateful to Dr. Paulo Marcio Costa Opisthobranchia). Journal ofNatural History25: 293-304. and Dr. Benata Gomes for assistance in collecting nudi- Thompson, T. E. 1975. Dorid nudibranchs from eastern Aus- tralia (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). [ournal of Zoology branchs; the Bear-Admiral Napoleao Gomes, director of 176: 477-517. the Instituto de Estudos do Mar of the Brazilian Navy, Valdes,A. 2002. Aphylogeneticanalysisandsystematicrevision forfacilitatingthetransportbvboatinthe zone ofArraial of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, An- do Cabo, and Jesus Mendez for the scanning electron thobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society micrographs at CACTI of Vigo University. This paper 136: 535-636.