Madrono, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 35-45, 2013 A NEW SPECIES OF CRYPTANTHA (BORAGINACEAE) FROM THE SIERRA DE SAN PEDRO MARTIR, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO Michael G. Simpson CA Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182 [email protected] Jon P. Rebman San Diego Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 121390, San Diego, CA 92112-1390, USA Abstract Cryptantha martirensis M. G. Simpson & Rebman is described as new, being endemic to high elevationsoftheSierradeSanPedro MartirofBajaCalifornia, Mexico. Itissparsetocommoninthe understory ofconiferous woodland and in montane arroyos, slopes, and ridges in sandy to gravelly granitic substrates. This new species is similar to C. muricata (Hooker & Arnott) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride in having nutlets with a shallow, dorsal ridge. It differs from the three recognized varieties of C. muricata in having a combination oftall and virgate primary stems with short and clustered inflorescence units; stems with mostly appressed and a few sparse, fine, spreading trichomes; a small corollalimb; andrelativelylargenutletswithdorsaltuberclesthatarelow, rounded, andfewperarea. Quantitative evidencejustifying these differences is summarized. KeyWords: BajaCalifornia, Boraginaceae, Cryptantha, Cryptanthamartirensis, Cryptanthamuricata, Mexico, Sierra de San Pedro Martir. Upon observing all known specimens ofwhat tall, giving rise to several, elongate, inclined had beenidentifiedas Cryptanthasp., C. muricata secondary (lateral) branches, those near the base (Hooker & Arnott) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride, often very thin; stem trichomes ca. 0.5—1.5 mm or C. muricatavar. denticulata I. M. Johnst. from long, whitish, thin, tapered, straight to slightly highelevations ofthe Sierrade San Pedro Martir, curved, mostly appressed, a few sparse, fine Baja California, we noticed several distinctive horizontal to ascending, all often with minute differences between these plants and any other bulbous base. Leaves simple, basal and cauline, Cryptantha species, including C. muricata and its sessile, spiral; basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, known varieties (see below). We propose that 12-30 mm long, withered at anthesis; cauline mm tphoepsueladtiifofnersenacses aarenesuwffiscpieecnitesto orfecoCgrnyipzteantthheas,e lleoanvge,s2namrmrowwlidyeo;blalalncleeaovleastewittohlisniemairl,ar15v—e4st0iture utilizing a taxonomic (morphologic) concept on both surfaces, trichomes ca. 1 mm long, (Cronquist 1978, 1988) in which taxa are whitish, thin, tapered, straight to slightly curved, circumscribed based on the discontinuity of inclined to appressed, those near leaf apex often features. with prominent, white, swollen base surrounded by tessellated rosette of often whitish, radially- Taxonomy oriented cells. Inflorescence unit a tightly clus- tered (often spheric) to elongate scorpioid cyme, Cryptantha martirensis M. G—. Simpson & Reb- 5-10 mm long, arising at nodes along length of man, sp. nov. (Figs. 1^1). TYPE: MEXICO, primary axis or apex of primary and lateral Baja California, Sierra de San Pedro Martir, branches, often with subtending inclined to SE of Vallecitos and approximately 3 mi reflexed, straight to recurved bracts, similar to (4.8 km) s of the Observatory, along the cauline leaves. Flowers ebracteate, inclined to highest ridge en route to Pedro’s Dome appressed, pedicellate. Pedicels ca. 0.5 mm long. (Fig. 4), coniferforestwith Pinusjeffreyi, Abies Calyx appearing valvate at maturity, basally mm concolor, Eriogonum wrightii var. oresbium, synsepalous, ca. 3.0 long, adaxially glabrous, Philadelphus microphyllus, and Hesperocyparis abaxially hirsutulous along lobe margins and m montana, mostly granitic substrates, 2630 scattered on surface, trichomes straight to slightly elev., 31.00803°N, 115.43591°W, 30 September cumrvmed, mostly appressed to ascending (ca. 0.5- 2008, J. Rebman 15993 with V. Marshall and 2 long), midrib raised/ridged, hirsute, bearing M. Dykens (holotype: S,D; isotypes: BCMEX, straight, mostly inclined, bulbous-based bristles RSA, SDSU, UC). ca. 1 1.8 mm long. Calyx lobes lance-ovate, Plant a terrestrial, annual, herb. Root a narrowly acute. Corolla rotate-salverform, sym- mm taproot, staining herbariumpaperpurple in some petalous, white, tube ca. 1.5 long, limb ca. specimens. Primary stem erect, virgate, 35-70 cm 1 mm wide. Stamens uniseriate, 5, epipetalous. MADRONO 36 [Vol. 60 Fig. 1. Cryptantha martirensis. A-B. Photographs in native habitat (Rebman 16022). A. Inflorescence unit in flower. B. Inflorescence unit in fruit. C. Pressed specimen (Rebman 15993, type specimen), showing elongate (virgate) primary axes and short inflorescence units. 2013] SIMPSON AND REBMAN: CRYPTANTHA NEW SPECIES 37 Fig. 2. Cryptantha martirensis (Rebman 15993, type specimen). A. Aerial stem close-up, showing thin, tapered, straight to slightly curved, mostly appressed trichomes. B-C. Inflorescence unit bract, similar to cauline leaf. B. Wholeview. C. Close-up, adaxial surface, showing tapered trichomeswith swollen base surrounded by tessellated rosette ofradially-oriented cells. D. Inflorescence unit, in flower. E. Inflorescence unit, fruiting stage. mm mm whorled, alternipetalous, distinct. Gynobase 4- accessory. Nutlets 1.8—2.0 long, 1.2—1.4 flanged, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate in wide, light tan-gray to brown, mottled, ovate, mm outline, ca. 1.4 long. Style terete, slightly base truncate, margin angled (ca. 45°) in cross- mm ridged, ca. 0.7 long beyond gynobase, section, sometimes slightly ridged and/or minute- slightly surpassing fruit at maturity. Stigma ly tuberculate or scalloped, apex acute, ventral minute, sub-capitate. Fruit a schizocarp of surface papillate and sparsely tuberculate, dorsal usually 4 nutlets with the surrounding calyx surface densely papillate and sparsely to moder- MADRONO 38 [Yol. 60 uiui £’o Fig. 3. Cryptanthamartirensis. A. Calyx in fruit, with oneoffournutlets {Rebman 16022). B-D. (Rebman 15993, type specimen). B. Calyx in fruit. C. Nutlet, in dorsal (left), ventral (middle) and lateral (right) views. Note dorsal ridge. D. Nutlet dorsal surface, close-up. Note numerous papillae and low tubercles. 2013] SIMPSON AND REBMAN: CRYPTANTHA NEW SPECIES 39 Fig. 4. Map showing the geographic distribution ofthe 13 known collections (circles) ofCryptantha martirensis from the Sierra de San Pedro Martir. Locality indicated with “X” is that ofthe type specimen, Rebman 15993. MADRONO 40 [Vol. 60 // />c'PaO"a'"// /*/ // /o/</ O' J.„<y D c.</ o^V C-V Taxa Taxa Fig. 5. Box plots of single characters, comparing C. martirensis with the three varieties of C. muricata. A. Inflorescence unit length (mm), that of C. martirensis significantly shorter (P < 0.01). B. Ratio ofprimary axis length:inflorescence unit length, that of C. martirensis significantly greater (P < 0.01). C. Nutlet tubercle number per area, dorsal face, that of C. martirensis significantly smaller (P < 0.01). D. Nutlet tubercle length, that of C. martirensis significantly smaller (P < 0.01), but with overlap of range. Note: box plots show median (middle horizontal line), first and third quartiles (lower and upperhorizontal lines, respectively), and the range ofthe data outside the first and third quartiles (vertical lines). Outliers represented by “x,” and small circles. Statistical difference between a given taxon and all other taxa (via ANOVA Tukey post hoc test) is indicated as: ** = P < 0.01, * = P < 0.05 (probability that difference between groups due to chance alone). ately tuberculate (tubercles denser at apex); mostly appressed and a few sparse, fine, spread- mm median ridge present, low (obscure), often ligh- ing trichomes; smalmlmcorollas (limb ca. 1 ter-colored, sparsely tuberculate; ventral groove wide); short (5-10 long) inflorescence axes; mm narrow, closed near apex, slightly open below, 2- and relatively large (1.8-2.0 long) nutlets forked at base, forks horizontal to slightly with dorsal tubercles that are low, rounded, and reclined; groove borders prominent, rounded, relatively few per area. slightly up-curved basally. See Figs. 1 3. Cryptantha martirensis is found in usually Cryptanthamartirensisis similarto C. muricata sandy or gravelly soil and/or soil and rocks of and varieties, differing in having a combination granitic origin. Most records describe it in the of elongate, virgate primary stems; axes with understory of conifer or mixed conifer forest , 2013] SIMPSON AND REBMAN: CRYPTANTHA NEW SPECIES 41 (Pinusjeffreyi, Abies concolor, occasionally Popu- 0.25mi(400m)NEofthe SSPWMofficeandformal lus tremuloides) with mixed shrubs and herbs entrance, about 4mi(6.4km) ofVallecitos and (including Ceanothus cordulatus, Eriogonum about 6 mi (9.7 km) SW of the Observatory, wrightii var. oresbium, Salvia pachyphylla, Silene conifer forest with Pinusjeffreyi, Abies concolor, laciniata and Symphoricarpossp.), althoughsome Ceanothus cordulatus, Salvia pachyphylla, and recordsdescribethehabitatasanarroyo,meadow Eriogonum wrightii var. oresbium, mostly granitic margin, slope, or summit ridge. The species is substrates, annual, common, 31.00302°N, cited as being scarce to common in different 1 15.55461°W, 2500 m elev., 30 September 2008, localities and habitats. Cryptantha martirensis is Rebman 16022(SD 191477); LaEncantada, about known only from high elevation (1900-2800 m) rocks at margins of meadow, 30.9030°N, locations in the Sierra de San Pedro Martir of 115.4116°Wm(lat./long. estimated from locality Baja California, Mexico. Plants flower from as data), 2200 elev., 18 September 1930, Wiggins early as May to as late as early August and 4880 (SD 67578). develop mature fruits from June to September. The specific epithet, martirensis, is after the Taxonomic Relationships Sierra de San Pedro Martir, (“mountains ofSaint Peter the martyr”), to which this species is Cryptantha martirensis appears to be a close endemic. The suggested common name for the relative of Cryptantha muricata (Hooker & species is the Sierra de San Pedro Martir Arnott) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride, Botanical cryptantha. Gazette 61:42, 1916, a species of subtribe Paratypes (all from the Sierra de San Pedro Cryptanthinae (Hasenstab-Lehman and Simpson Martir and arranged alphabetically by collector; 2012) of the Boraginaceae. Cryptantha muricata see Fig. 4 for map oflocalities): MEXICO, Baja occurs in California, Nevada, and Arizona in the California, Yerba Buena, scarce, in sandy soil of U.S. (Kartesz 2011; Kelley et al. 2012) and in m arroyo, 31.00°N, 115.45°W, 2500 elev., 16 Baja California and Sonora of Mexico (Baja- August 1967, Moran 14161 (SD 79684); Los Flora 2012; SEINet 2012). This species is the sole m Llanitos, 30.967°N, 115.433°W, 2550 elev., 17 member of section Muricatae (Johnston 1925; August 1967, Moran 14272 (RSA, SD 79685); cited in Abrams 1951). Johnston diagnosed La Grulla, scarce, under pines, 30.893°N, section Muricatae as “Nutlets 4, verrucose or 115.478°W, 2100 m elev., 22 August 1967, Moran coarsely tuberculate, triangular-ovate, decidedly 14493 (SD 79676); east slope of Cerro “2828”, homomorphous, back obtuse, and bearing a on east rim, occasional on east slope, 31.033°N, suggestion ofa medial ridge, with sides evidently 115.45°W, 2800 m elev., 24 August 1968, Moran angled and beaded; style usually surpassing the 15412 (SD 68921); north slope of Cerro “2828”, nutlets though rarely only equaling them.” Given occasional in gravelly soil, 31.033°N, 115.45°W, that C. martirensis also has four homomorphic 2800 m elev., 14 September 1968, Moran 15624 nutletsperfruit that aretuberculatewith a medial (SD 69127); south summit ridge, Cerro Venado ridge, we propose that it may be tentatively Blanco, occasional in gravelly granitic soil, placed in section Muricatae; however, molecular m 31.083°N, 115.483°W, 2750 elev., 15 Septem- phylogenetic studies are needed to verify the ber 1968, Moran 15635 (SD 69098); El Alto de monophyly ofthis group. Corona, fairly common under pines, 31.00°N, Johnston (1925) treated C. muricata as having 115.55°W, 2400 m elev., 28 July 1970, Moran three, intergrading varieties (a view upheld in 17909 (SD 76440); La Vibora, Arroyo la Grulla recent treatments, e.g., Kelley et al. 2012): var. 4.0 km SW of La Grulla, occasionalmin sand by denticulata (Greene) I. M. Johnston, var. jonesii stream, 30.867°N, 115.508°W, 1900 elev., 10 (A. Gray) I. M. Johnston, and var. muricata. August 1977, Moran 24465 (SD 97701); La Variety muricata, which is found mostly in the Tasajera region, SW of Observatory, approx. central-western mountains and Transverse Ranges 7 mi (11.3 km) S ofthe Observatory Road, Pinus ofCalifornia, isdistinctiveinhavingalargecorolla jeffreyi, Abies concolor, Populus tremuloides, limb, a stout and well-differentiated central granite rocks and sand, annual, flowers white, (primary) aerial stem axis, and relatively large m 30.94389°N, 115.49722°W, 2285 elev., 15 nutlets with a sculpturing that is muricate (having September 1998, Rebman 5569 (SD 152066); radially elongate, rounded processes that are N alongthe road to Venado Blanco, ofVallecitos longer than broad, accounting for the epithet and the main road to the Observatory, conifer name, muricata). Variety denticulata, which oc- forest with Pinusjeffreyi, Abies concolor, Eriogo- curs in higher elevation regions of the Sierra num wrightii var. oresbium, Silene laciniata, and Nevada, Tehachapi, Transverse, and White/Inyo Symphoricarpos, annual, flowers white, rare. mountains ofCalifornia, and in western Arizona m 31,03694°N, 115.48556°W, 2400 elev., 29 and Nevada, differs in having primary and September 2008, Rebman 15973 (SD 191478, secondary axes not well differentiated, a small SDSU 18625); in vicinity of the campground corolla, and large nutlets with generally low, alongtheroadtoProyectoCondorapproximately roundedtubercles(withroundedprocessesshorter MADRONO 42 [Vol. 60 C.muricatavar.denticulata C.muricatavar.jonesii jj C.muricatavar.muricata Fig. 6. Comparisons of nutlets and inflorescence axis of investigated taxa. A-B. Cryptantha martirensis. A. mNuutrliectasta(lveafrt.=denRteicbumlaatna.15C9.9N3u;tlreitghst(l=eftR=ebCmuarnra1n59s.7n3.,).CBA.SIn1f2l3o2r7e7s;cernicgehtax=isSi(Rmepsbomnan291105)9.93D).. ICn-fDlo.reCsrcyepntceanatxhias (DeDecker3354). E-F. Cryptanthamuricatavar.jonesii. E. Nutlets(left = Jones79[GH97680]; right = Howe996). , , , 2013] SIMPSON AND REBMAN: CRYPTANTHA NEW SPECIES 43 than broad). Varietyjonesii which occurs in the er, the correlated ratio of primary axis:inflores- North and South Coast Ranges, Transverse and cence unit length in C. martirensis is significantly Peninsular ranges and adjacent coastal areas, the greater than the three varieties of C. muricata eastern Sierra Nevada foothills of California, (Fig. 5B). Nutlet length of var. martirensis western Arizona, and as far south as the central overlaps with those of the other three varieties desert ofBaja California, resembles var. muricata (not shown), although C. muricata var. jonesii in aerial stem morphology but resembles var. tends to have smaller nutlets. However, both the denticulata in corolla size and has nutlets that are number of tubercles per area (Fig. 5C) and the usually smaller than either variety with a nutlet tubercle length (Fig. 5D) of C. martirensis muricate sculpturing (Kelley et al. 2012). is significantly smaller than that of the three C. muricata varieties, the former without and the Quantitative Analyses and Classification latter with overlap ofrange. We considered treating this new taxon as a Specimens of Cryptantha muricata and C. varietyofC. muricata givenitssimilarityinnutlet , martirensis from herbaria at IRVC, RENO, morphology, being four per fruit, homomorphic, RSA-POM, SBBG, SD, SDSU, UC-JEPS, and tuberculate to muricate, and with a median ridge. UNLV were studied as part of a larger project Cryptanthamartirensisdoes resembleand overlap (Simpson et al. unpublished; Appendix 1) evalu- with varieties of C. muricata in several features. ating the taxonomic validity of the recognized The branching pattern of C. martirensis is similar varieties of this species. Twenty-three specimens to that of C. muricata vars.jonesii and muricata, of C. muricata var. denticulata 97 specimens of although the primary (and often secondary) axes C. muricata var.jonesii and 83 specimens of C. are generally longer and thinner, being more muricatavar. muricata, andeight ofthe 13 known virgate(“wand-like”). Therangeofcorolla sizeof specimens of C. martirensis were included in this C. martirensisisverysimilartothatofC. muricata larger morphometric study. A statistical analysis vars. denticulata and jonesii. Nutlet size of C. ofprimary axis length, inflorescence unit length, martirensis is very similar to that of C. muricata corolla width, nutlet tubercle length, and nutlet vars. denticulata and muricata. However, C. tubercle number dorsal face (both per nutlet and martirensis is distinctive from the varieties of C. per area of the dorsal face) was conducted. To muricata in having: 1) a significantly shorter visualize character distributions by taxon, box inflorescencecymeunit,withno overlap(Fig. 5A, plots showing the median and the four quartiles B); 2)nutletswith significantlyfewertuberclesper of distribution were prepared for these charac- area (Fig. 5C) and significantly shorter tubercles, ters. Each ofthese was evaluated for statistically though overlappingwiththoseofC. muricatavar. significant differences by taxon using analysis of denticulata (Fig. 5D; see Fig. 6); and 3) stem axis variance (ANOVA), with multiple comparisons trichomes mostly appressed, with qualitatively made between the taxon means using the Tukey sparserandfinerspreadingtrichomes(Fig. 6).We posthoctest. Taxathatwere statisticallydifferent believe that these three distinctive morphological from all other taxa in a particular character are features of C. martirensis, along with its isolated indicated as such (at probabilities <0.01) in the geographic distribution having no known inter- box plot diagrams. All statistical analyses were gradation with C. muricata, warrant its species performed in SYSTAT, Version (Systat status by a taxonomic (morphologic) species 1 1 Software, Inc., San Jose, CA). concept (Cronquist 1978, 1988). Qualitative observations and quantitative mea- We speculate that C. martirensis may represent surements from all known populations of C. the descendant of a past relictual population or martirensis confirm that the species is distinctive the product of long-distance dispersal. Its isola- in the length ofthe inflorescence unit (a scorpioid tion in the Sierra de San Pedro Martir region has cyme), which in C. martirensis is significantly perhaps resulted in barriers to gene flow and the < shorter (P 0.01) than the three varieties of C. evolution ofa unique combination ofmorpholog- muricata(Fig. 5A). Cryptanthamartirensishas an ical features. However, we know nothing about the elongate primary axis, but this is not significantly phylogenetic relationshipswithin thiscomplex; that longer than other varieties (not shown). Howev- is the goal offuture molecular studies. F. Inflorescenceaxis{Boyd6316, SBBG 101675). G-H. Cryptanthamuricatavar.muricata. G.Nutlets(left = Smith 4697\right = Simpson3034). H. Inflorescenceaxis Simpson3034). * = Typespecimen. (Note: thetypespecimenof ( C. muricata var. muricata, D. Douglas s.n. (GH 00097575) is immature and lacks nutlets.) . i i MADRONO 44 [Vol. 60 Taxonomic Keyto Cryptantha Martirensis to the Sierra de San Pedro Martir, slightly over and Varieties of Cryptantha Muricata 5%. To this we add yet another species, (modified from Kelley et al. 2012) increasing the endemic flora of this interesting 2. region. mm 1 Corolla limb 3-8 in diameter C. muricata var. muricata Acknowledgments T Corol3.la limb 1-3.5 mm in diameter Nutlets 1.1-1.3(1.9) mm long, muricate, Our sincere thanks to Rebecca Bratcher, Lizette tubercles generally elongate Guzman-Zaragosa, and Lee M. Simpson for technical C. muricata var.jonesii helpwithmeasurementsandphotography,andto Mary 2' Ntuubtelrectlses1g.e8n-e2r.a0llymlmow,lroongu,ndetduberculate, AslpiecceimeKness.sleWrefotrhahneklpthweithherbgeaor-iraefoefreInRciVnCg,oRfEsNoOm,e Primary stem axis 11-53 cm long, not RSA-POM, SBBG, SD, SDSU, UC-JEPS, and UNLV obviously different from secondary for loans ofspecimens used toward this study. Finally, axes; inflorescence unit, including we thank three, anonymous reviewers for comments stalk, 12-140 mm long that greatly improved this article. C. muricata var. denticulata y Primary stem axis 35-68 cm long, Literature Cited prominent, elongate, virgate; inflores- mm cence unit, including stalk, 5-10 Abrams, L. 1951. Illustrated flora ofthe Pacific States, long C. martirensis Vol. III. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. Bajaflora, 2012. The flora of Baja California. Geography Specimen data obtained from a combined multi- herbarium specimen database called the Baja The geographic range of Cryptantha martir- California Botanical Consortium. San Diego Nat- eiSCnnrisgymipspatsinasonnoatnrh2eea0a1o2fsl.)est,.shsew(itmstheohansnsktun2roe0Hsw0atnrskiecpmntoesp2dtu(aol8fab0t-aiLnmoeyinhs2s;mpoaeFcncicige.uasp4nyo)d-.f CronhuPi—qnrtpuat.alipg:s3r/Hi-t/ci2,wus0lwttAwoiu..rnrbyeaJ.1.j9MaA7Aful8.ls.loaeRrnOuaahn.mmeoc,blredegrS&a[gagaenacOricsneDm,(sieusedewn.gdh),o,a,4tMBoMiCnioaAstsr.cyaclsahtWsieeprm2eb,0aci1tiNs2ie]Jtcs..es? Elevation range of specimen collections is 1900- 1988. The evolution and classification of 2800 m. Wiggins (1980) cited C. muricata as flo.wering plants, 2nd ed. New York Botanic occurring in Baja California but recognized no Garden, Bronx, NY. varieties for the species. Based on our current Guilliams, C. M., M. G. Simpson, and J. P. Reb- knowledge, C. muricata var. jonesii is the only man. 2011. Calyptridium parry var. martirense variety of this species known to occur in Baja (Montiaceae), anewtaxonendemictotheSierrade California, found in mountainous and coastal San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. Ma- drono 58:259-267. regions ofthe northwesternportion ofthe stateto Hasenstab-Lehman, K. E. and M. G. Simpson. as far south as the central desert (BajaFlora 2012. Cat’seyes and popcorn flowers: phylogenetic w20e12)h.avIen tdhiescSoiveerrreaddeonSlaynoPneedrcoolMlaercttiiornreogfioCn., cseyaset)e.maStyisctsemoafttihceBgoetnaunsyC3r7y:p7t3a8n-t7h5a7.s.l. (Boragina- muricata var. jonesii in an adjacent canyon Johnston, I. M. 1925. Studies in the Boraginaceae IV. (Canon del Diablo) at a lower (1550 m) elevation The North American species of Cryptantha. (Moran 25642 6 May 1978, SD 100241). Other Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Har- , Cryptantha s.l. taxa in this area include Eremo- vard University 74:1-114. carya micrantha (Torrey) Greene var. lepida J. F. Kartesz, J. T. 2011. The Biota of North America vMaarc.b/r.i(dAe. [GCrrayyp)taIn.tMh.amJ.oh(nTsotrorne]y)aIn.dM.C.Jsoihmnusltaonns hP20tr1to1pg:r/a/mwww(.BbOoNnAaPp)..orgCha[apceclessHeildl,21NC.NovWeebmsbietre Greene (Thorne et al. 2010; BajaFlora 2012). Kelley,],R. B„ M. G. Simpson, and K. E. Hasen- The Sierrade San Pedro Martiris a floristically STAB. 2012. Cryptantha. Pp. 455-468 in B. G. diverse region of great botanical importance, Baldwin, D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, having a natural fire regime and being the T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken (eds.), The Jepson southern continuous limit of the California manual: vascular plants of California, 2nd ed. Floristic Province (Riemann and Ezcurrra 2007; University ofCalifornia Press, Berkeley, CA. Thorne et al. 2010). The higher elevations Riemann,H. andE. Ezcurra. 2007. Endemicregions comprise the Parque Nacional Sierra de San of the vascular flora of the peninsula of Baja Pedro Martir, established in 1947. Thorne et al. California, Mexico. Journal ofVegetation Science 18:327-336. (2010) reviewed the vascular plant flora of the SEINet. 2012. Southwest Environmental Information “high” Sierra de San Pedro Martir, defined as m Network. Website http//:swbiodiversity.org/seinet/ being greater than 1800 in elevation. These index.php [accessed 4 March 2012], authors cited 453 species native to this region. Of Thorne, R. F., R. V. Moran, and R. A. Minnich. these taxa, 23 species and two varieties (including 2010. Vascular plants ofthe high Sierra San Pedro the recently described Calyptridium parry var. Martir, Baja California, Mexico: an annotated martirense; see Guilliams et al. 2011) are endemic checklist. Aliso 28:1-50.