Faunitaxys Revue de Faunistique, Taxonomie et Systématique morphologique et moléculaire Volume 9 ISSN : 2269 - 6016 Septembre 2021 Numéro 31 Dépôt légal : Septembre 2021 Faunitaxys Revue de Faunistique, Taxonomie et Systématique morphologique et moléculaire ZooBank : http://zoobank.org/79A36B2E-F645-4F9A-AE2B-ED32CE6771CC Directeur de la publication, rédacteur, conception graphique et PAO : Lionel Delaunay Cette revue ne peut pas être vendue Elle est distribuée par échange aux institutions (version papier) et sur simple demande aux particuliers (format PDF) à l’adresse suivante : AFCFF (Association française de Cartographie de la Faune et de la Flore) 28, rue Voltaire, F- 42100 Saint Etienne E-mail : [email protected] Elle est disponible librement au téléchargement à partir du site : http ://faunitaxys.fr/ La parution de Faunitaxys est apériodique Faunitaxys est indexé dans / Faunitaxys is indexed in: - Zoological Record Articles and nomenclatural novelties are referenced by: - ZooBank (http://zoobank.org) Imprimée sur les presses de SPEED COPIE 6, rue Tréfilerie, F- 42100 Saint-Etienne Imprimé le 29 septembre 2021 Faunitaxys, 9(31), 2021 : 1 – 7. 1 A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from the Sahelian wooded steppes of Burkina Faso (Scorpiones: Buthidae) ERIC YTHIER BYG Taxa, 382 rue des Guillates, 71570 Romanèche-Thorins, France. - [email protected] - ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/06FD0852-A88E-49E5-B8E6-E1494B86C4E1 Keywords: Abstract. – A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 is described on the basis of one male specimen collected in the wooded steppes of Sahel in Northern Burkina Faso. The new species is characterized by a small size in relation to other species of the genus, a yellowish coloration Scorpion; description; without any darker spots, and metasomal segments narrow with a moderately deep dorsal Androctonus; morphology; depression. This new scorpion taxon represents the 30th known species of the genus Androctonus. burkinensis; Sahel; Ythier E., 2021. – A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from the Sahelian wooded steppes of taxonomy; wooded steppes; Burkina Faso (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Faunitaxys, 9(31): 1 – 7. new species; Burkina Faso. ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/06FD0852-A88E-49E5-B8E6-E1494B86C4E1 Introduction and a Wacom Intuos drawing tablet. Map was made using Google Maps and Adobe Photoshop software. Measurements follow Stahnke (1970) and are given in mm. Trichobothrial notations As already outlined in several papers (Lourenço, 2005; Lourenço follow Vachon (1974) and morphological terminology mostly & Qi, 2006, 2007; Lourenço, 2008) the taxonomy of the genus follows Vachon (1952) and Hjelle (1990). Specimen studied herein Androctonus Ehrenberg has long remained confused. This is is deposited in the MHNL (Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon especially true for species showing a large range of distribution, (Musée des Confluences), CCEC, Lyon, France. like e.g. Androctonus australis (Linnaeus, 1758), Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807), Androctonus bicolor Ehrenberg, 1828 or Androctonus amoreuxi (Audoin, 1826). Composition of the genus Androctonus (in order In his work on scorpions from Northern Africa, Vachon (1948, of description) 1952) considered A. amoreuxi to present a very large range of distribution, covering most of Northern Africa. Recent - Androctonus australis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Algeria, Egypt, investigations showed that this range of distribution was Libya, Tunisia) inappropriate since several populations distributed in the peri- - Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Saharan zone (i.e. around the core region of the Sahara, presenting Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, less arid environments) or even present in less xeric refugia like Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) the Saharan massifs, proved to be distinct from A. amoreuxi and - Androctonus amoreuxi (Audouin,1826) (Algeria, Libya, led to the description of several new species (Androctonus Egypt, Mauritania, Morocco, Israel?) dekeyseri Lourenço, 2005 from Senegal, Androctonus - Androctonus bicolor Ehrenberg, 1828 (Egypt, Israel, Libya, aleksandrplotkini Lourenço & Qi, 2007 from Mauritania, Syria, Jordan?, Lebanon?) Androctonus togolensis Lourenço, 2008 from Togo, Androctonus pallidus Lourenço, Duhem & Cloudsley-Thompson, 2012 from - Androctonus aeneas C. L. Koch, 1839 (Algeria, Tunisia) Chad) or to the revalidation of species originally placed in the - Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) (Pakistan) synonymy of A. amoreuxi (Androctonus eburneus (Pallary, 1928) - Androctonus baluchicus (Pocock, 1900) (Afghanistan, Pakistan) from the Tassili N’Ajjer massif in Algeria). - Androctonus mauritanicus (Pocock, 1902) (Mauritania, Morocco) Recent discovery in the collections of the Musée d’Histoire - Androctonus liouvillei (Pallary, 1924) (Algeria, Morocco) Naturelle de Lyon, France, of a specimen collected in the 80s in the wooded steppes of Sahel in Northern Burkina Faso, has led - Androctonus eburneus (Pallary, 1928) (Algeria) to the description of another new species of Androctonus from - Androctonus hoggarensis (Pallary, 1929) (Algeria) the peri-Saharan zone. The new species described here - Androctonus barbouri (Werner, 1932) (Morocco) represents the 30th known species of the genus Androctonus. - Androctonus gonneti Vachon, 1948 (Mauritania, Morocco) - Androctonus sergenti Vachon, 1948 (Morocco) Methods - Androctonus dekeyseri Lourenço, 2005 (Mauritania, Senegal) - Androctonus maelfaiti Lourenço, 2005 (India) Illustrations and measurements were made with the aid of a Motic - Androctonus afghanus Lourenço & Qi, 2006 (Afghanistan) SMZ-1713 stereo-microscope with an ocular micrometer, together - Androctonus aleksandrplotkini Lourenço & Qi, 2007 (Mauritania) with a digital camera Tucsen HD Lite, a Canon EOS 7D camera - Androctonus togolensis Lourenço, 2008 (Togo) - Androctonus maroccanus Lourenço, Ythier & Leguin, 2009 (Morocco) Reviewer: Wilson R. Lourenço (Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Paris, France). - Androctonus pallidus Lourenço, Duhem & Cloudsley-Thompson, 2012 (Chad) 2 YTHIER. – A new Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Burkina Faso - Androctonus cholistanus Kovarik & Ahmed, 2013 (India, Pakistan) - Androctonus robustus Kovarik & Ahmed, 2013 (Pakistan) - Androctonus tenuissimus Teruel, Kovarik & Turiel, 2013 (Egypt) - Androctonus donairei Rossi, 2015 (Morocco) - Androctonus santi Lourenço, 2015 (Niger) - Androctonus simonettai Rossi, 2015 (Ethiopia) - Androctonus tigrai Lourenço, Rossi & Sadine 2015 (Ethiopia) - Androctonus tropeai Rossi, 2015 (Pakistan) - Androctonus burkinensis sp. n. (Burkina Faso) Taxonomic treatment Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 Genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 Androctonus burkinensis sp. n. (Fig. 1-10, Tab. I) ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/06FD0852-A88E-49E5-B8E6-E1494B86C4E1 Androctonus amoreuxi: Prost, 1982: 5; Fet et al., 2000: 66; Dupré, 2019: 3. Holotype, ♂, Burkina Faso (Haute-Volta according to the original 1 2 label), Sahel region, Seno Province, Dori, P. Grivot coll., 25/XII/1982, deposited in the MHNL (47023139). Etymology. – The specific epithet refers to the country where the new species was found. Fig. 1-2. Androctonus burkinensis sp. n., ♂ holotype, habitus (dried specimen) (Scale bar = 1 cm). 1. Dorsal aspect. 2. Ventral aspect. Diagnosis. – Scorpion of small size for the genus, with a total length of 48.5 mm for the adult male holotype. General coloration yellowish without spots over the body and appendages; carinae not two vestigial furrows. Metasomal segments with a weak setation; pigmented. Carinae and granulations moderately to strongly marked segment I with ten complete carinae, crenulated; segments II to IV with on carapace, tergites and metasomal segments. Metasomal segments eight carinae, strongly crenulated; lateral inframedian carinae I to V narrow and of approximately the same width; dorsal represented by 8-9 granules on distal two thirds of segment II, by 2-3 depression on segments I to IV moderately deep. Anal arc composed granules on III, absent on IV; dorsal carinae of segments III-IV with one of 12 ventral teeth and with three sharp lateral lobes followed by 2-3 bigger posterior spinoid granule; segment V with five carinae; the small latero-dorsal denticles. Fixed and movable fingers with 13 latero-ventral carinae strongly crenulate with several lobate denticles; ventral median carinae not divided posteriorly; anal arc composed of 12 rows of granules. Pectines with 33 teeth in male holotype. ventral teeth and with three sharp lateral lobes followed by 2-3 small Description (based on male holotype. Measurements in Table I). latero-dorsal denticles; all metasomal segments with intercarinal spaces slightly granular to smooth; the first four segments with a smooth and Coloration. – Basically yellowish without spots over the body and moderately deep dorsal depression. Telson with some moderate appendages. Prosoma: carapace yellowish; eyes marked with dark pigment. granulations ventrally; aculeus moderately curved and slightly shorter Mesosoma yellowish without spots; carinae not pigmented. Metasomal than the vesicle, without a subaculear tubercle. Cheliceral dentition as segments yellowish without spots; carinae not pigmented; telson vesicle defined by Vachon (1963) for the family Buthidae; external distal and yellowish, aculeus yellowish orange at its base and blackish at its extremity. internal distal teeth approximately the same length; basal teeth on Venter yellowish; genital operculum and pectines paler than the other zones. movable finger very small but not fused; ventral aspect of both fingers Chelicerae yellowish without any variegated spots; fingers yellowish orange and manus covered with long dense setae. Pedipalps with a weak with dark red teeth. Pedipalps yellowish without spots; fingers with the setation; femur pentacarinate; patella with 7 carinae but only dorso- oblique rows of granules dark red. Legs yellowish without spots. internal and internal are well marked; other carinae are weak to vestigial; chela with vestigial carinae; all faces very weakly granular to Morphology. – Carapace moderately granular; anterior margin smooth; fixed and movable fingers with 13 rows of granules, internal straight, without a median concavity. Carinae moderately to strongly and external accessory granules present, strong; three accessory granules marked; anterior median, central median and posterior median carinae on the distal end of the movable finger next to the terminal denticle. strongly granular, other carinae moderately granular. All furrows weak. Legs: tarsus with several thin setae ventrally, arranged in more or less Median ocular tubercle located slightly anterior to the centre of the two rows; tibial spur moderate on legs III and IV; pedal spurs moderate carapace; eyes separated by about two and a half ocular diameters; five to strong on legs I to IV. Trichobothriotaxy: trichobothrial pattern of Type pairs of lateral eyes, the first three of moderate size, the last two A, orthobothriotaxic as defined by Vachon (1974). Dorsal trichobothria of reduced. Sternum triangular and narrow, longer than wide. Mesosoma: femur arranged in β (beta) configuration (Vachon, 1975). tergites moderately granular. Three longitudinal carinae moderately crenulate on tergites I to VI; tergite VII pentacarinate with carinae Relationships. – By its general morphology, small size and moderately to strongly crenulate. Venter: genital operculum divided yellowish coloration without spots, Androctonus burkinensis sp. longitudinally, each plate with an oval shape. Pectines: pectinal tooth n. shows similarities with A. togolensis described from Northern count 33-33 in male holotype; middle basal lamella of the pectines not Togo, and A. eburneus described from the Tassili N’Ajjer massif dilated. Sternites without granules, smooth with elongated spiracles; in Southern Algeria. four moderate carinae on sternite VII; other sternites acarinated and with Faunitaxys, 9(31), 2021 : 1 – 7. 3 6 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 Fig. 3-10. Androctonus burkinensis sp. n., ♂ holotype (Scale bars = 1 mm). 3. Metasomal segment IV, V and telson, lateral aspect. 4-5. Cutting edge of pedipalp chela fingers with longitudinal series of granules. 4. Movable finger. 5. Fixed finger. 6-10. Trichobotrial pattern. 6. Chela, dorso-external aspect. 7. Chela, ventral aspect. 8. Patella, dorsal aspect. 9. Patella, external aspect. 10. Femur, dorsal aspect. 4 YTHIER. – A new Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Burkina Faso 11 Fig. 11. Map of Northwestern Africa showing the possible zone of distribution of A. amoreuxi (yellow area; from Lourenço, 2008) and the type localities of A. aleksandrplotkini (circle), A. dekeyseri (square), A. eburneus (rhombus), A. togolensis (triangle) and A. burkinensis sp. n. (star). 12 Fig. 12. Map of Northwestern Africa showing the main climatic zones and associated vegetation types, including the possible zone of distribution of A. amoreuxi (cross area; from Lourenço, 2008) and the type localities of A. aleksandrplotkini (circle), A. dekeyseri (square), A. eburneus (rhombus), A. togolensis (triangle) and A. burkinensis sp. n. (star). Faunitaxys, 9(31), 2021 : 1 – 7. 5 13 14 15 16 Fig. 13-16. Natural habitats of related Androctonus species discussed in this work. 13. Sahara desert (A. amoreuxi and A. aleksandrplotkini). 14. Sahel wooded steppe (A. burkinensis n. sp. and A. dekeyseri). 15. Savannah formation (A. togolensis). 16. Saharan massif (A. eburneus). These two species can however be easily distinguished from A. (iii) different morphometric ratios in pedipalps including chela burkinensis sp. n. notably by the following main features: fingers proportionally longer (movable finger length / chela palm - A. togolensis length 2.15 in A. eburneus, 1.62 in A. burkinensis sp. n. (Tab. I)), (iv) very distinct type of habitat, the Saharan massif of Tassili (i) scorpions of medium size for the genus with a total length of N’Ajjer in Southern Algeria (wooded steppes of Sahel in 57 to 60 mm in males (small size with a total length of 48.5 Northern Burkina Faso for A. burkinensis sp. n. (Fig. 11-16)). mm for the male A. burkinensis sp. n. (Tab. I)), (ii) carinae and granulations weakly to moderately marked In addition, Androctonus burkinensis sp. n. can also be easily on carapace and tergites (moderately to strongly marked in distinguished from other related yellowish species occurring in A. burkinensis sp. n.), the region by the following main features: (iii) fixed finger with 11 rows of granules, movable finger with (i) small size for the genus with a total length of 48.5 mm for the 12 rows of granules (13-13 in A. burkinensis sp. n.), male (77 mm and up to 100 mm for the males of A. dekeyseri (iv) metasoma with lateral inframedian carinae represented by 3-4 and A. amoreuxi, respectively), granules on segment II, absent on III (8-9 granules on distal two thirds of (ii) uniform yellowish coloration without spots (thin reticular spots segment II, 2-3 granules on III in A. burkinensis sp. n.) and with dorsal over the body and appendages in A. aleksandrplotkini), carinae of segments II-IV with one bigger posterior spinoid granule (spinoid granule only present on III-IV in A. burkinensis sp. n.), (iii) fixed and movable fingers with 13 rows of granules (11-12 in A. aleksandrplotkini, 12-13 in A. dekeyseri and A. amoreuxi), (v) metasoma with carinae slightly reddish (not pigmented in A. burkinensis sp. n.), (iv) metasomal segments narrow and of approximately the same width (strongly enlarged posteriorly in A. dekeyseri) and with a (vi) distinct type of habitat, the savannah-like formations of moderately deep dorsal depression (deep in A. dekeyseri, shallow Northern Togo (wooded steppes of Sahel in Northern Burkina in A. aleksandrplotkini and very feebly marked in A. amoreuxi), Faso for A. burkinensis sp. n. (Fig. 11-16)). (v) metasoma with dorsal carinae of segments III-IV with one bigger - A. eburneus posterior spinoid granule (no spinoid granules in A. aleksandrplotkini (i) pectinal tooth count 37-38 in male (33 in male of A. and A. amoreuxi), distinct type of habitat, the wooded steppes of burkinensis sp. n.), Sahel in Northern Burkina Faso (deserts of the core and peri-saharan (ii) fixed finger with 12 rows of granules, movable finger with regions for A. amoreuxi and A. aleksandrplotkini (Fig. 11-16)). 13 rows of granules (13-13 in A. burkinensis sp. n.), 6 YTHIER. – A new Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Burkina Faso Table I. Morphometric values (in mm) of the male holotype of Androctonus burkinensis sp. n., male holotype of Androctonus togolensis and male lectotype of Androctonus eburneus. A. burkinensis sp. n. A. togolensis A. eburneus ♂ holotype ♂ holotype ♂ lectotype Total length (including telson) 48.5 56.7 47.6 Carapace: - Length 6.3 7.2 6.8 - Anterior width 3.5 4.8 4.5 - Posterior width 6.4 7.8 7.2 Mesosoma length 9.9 Metasomal segment I: - Length 3.8 4.8 4.1 - Width 3.9 4.9 4.3 Metasomal segment II: - Length 4.7 - Width 3.9 Metasomal segment III: - Length 5.0 - Width 3.9 Metasomal segment IV: - Length 5.9 - Width 3.6 Metasomal segment V: - Length 6.5 8.5 7.2 - Width 3.5 4.5 3.6 - Depth 3.0 3.8 3.1 Telson length: 6.4 Vesicle: - Length 3.3 - Width 2.5 3.0 2.6 - Depth 2.2 2.5 2.3 Pedipalp: - Femur length 4.7 5.8 5.1 - Femur width 1.8 2.2 1.8 - Patella length 6.0 7.0 6.3 - Patella width 2.6 3.2 2.6 - Chela length 10.2 12.2 10.7 - Chela width 2.3 3.6 2.3 - Chela depth 2.5 3.6 2.5 - Movable finger length 6.3 7.9 7.3 Faunitaxys, 9(31), 2021 : 1 – 7. 7 References Prost A., 1982. – L'identification des scorpions de Haute-Volta. Notes et documents Voltaiques, 13 (1): 4-10. Dupré G., 2019. – Les scorpions d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Stahnke H. L., 1970. – Scorpion nomenclature and mensuration. Arachnides, 91: 1-13. Entomological News, 81: 297-316. Fet V., Sissom W. D., Lowe G. & Braunwalder M. E., 2000. – Vachon M., 1948. – Etudes sur les Scorpions. III (suite). Description Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758–1998). New des Scorpions du Nord de l’Afrique. Archives de l’Institut York, New York Entomological Society, 690 pp. Pasteur d’Algérie, 26(3): 288-316. Hjelle J. T., 1990. – Anatomy and morphology. Pp. 9-63. In: G. Vachon M., 1952. – Etudes sur les scorpions. Publications de A. Polis (ed.), The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford Univ. l’Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Alger: 482 pp. Press, 587 pp. Vachon M., 1963. – De l’utilité, en systématique, d’une Lourenço W. R., 2005. – Nouvelles considérations taxonomiques nomenclature des dents des chélicères chez les Scorpions. sur les espèces du genre Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 et Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2e description de deux nouvelles espèces (Scorpiones, Buthidae). sér., 35 (2): 161-166. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 112(1): 145-171. Vachon M., 1974. – Etude des caractères utilisés pour classer Lourenço W. R., 2008. – A new species of Androctonus les familles et les genres de Scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La Ehrenberg, 1828 from Togo (Scorpiones, Buthidae). trichobothriotaxie en arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum types de trichobothriotaxie chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Hamburg, 15(179), 37-44. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3e sér., n° 140, Lourenço W. R. & Qi J.-X., 2006. – A new species of Zool. 104: 857-958. Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Afghanistan (Scorpiones, Vachon M., 1975. – Sur l’utilisation de la trichobothriotaxie du Buthidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 38: 93-97. bras des pédipalpes des Scorpions (Arachnides) dans le Lourenço W. R. & Qi J.-X., 2007. – A new species of Androctonus classement des genres de la famille des Buthidae Simon. Ehrenberg, 1828 from Mauritania (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Académie de Sciences, Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 40: 215-219. 281 (D): 1597-1599. Résumé Ythier E., 2021. – Une nouvelle espèce d’Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 des steppes boisées sahéliennes du Burkina Faso (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Faunitaxys, 9(31): 1 – 7. Une nouvelle espèce appartenant au genre Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 est décrite sur la base d’un spécimen mâle collecté dans les steppes boisées du Sahel dans le nord du Burkina Faso. La nouvelle espèce est caractérisée par une petite taille en comparaison des autres espèces du genres, une coloration jaunâtre à jaune pâle sans taches plus foncées, et les segments du metasoma étroits avec le sillon sur la face dorsale moyennement profond. Ce nouveau taxon représente la 30ème espèce d’Androctonus décrite à ce jour. Mots clés. – Scorpion, Androctonus, burkinensis, taxonomie, nouvelle espèce, description, morphologie, Sahel, steppes boisées, Burkina Faso. Faunitaxys Volume 9, Numéro 31, Septembre 2021 SOMMAIRE Une nouvelle espèce d’Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 des steppes boisées sahéliennes du Burkina Faso (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Eric Ythier ........................................................................................................ 1 – 7 CONTENTS A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from the Sahelian wooded steppes of Burkina Faso (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Eric Ythier ........................................................................................................ 1 – 7 Illustration de la couverture : aculeus of Androctonus burkinensis sp. n. Crédits photos : © Eric Ythier : Fig. 1-11 & couverture. Fig. 12: https://www.schoolmouv.fr/cours/le-sahara-ressources-et-conflits-2/fiche-de-cours (modifié) Fig. 13: https://www.pourlascience.fr/sd/climatologie/comment-le-sahara-vert-a-disparu-12749.php (© Marion Couturier) Fig. 14: https://www.peuplesdumonde.voyagesaventures.com/lageographie/g%C3%A9ographie-de-l-afrique/afrique-de-l-ouest/afrique- sah%C3%A9lienne.html (© Peuples du monde) Fig. 15: http://www.commodafrica.com/20-10-2017-transformer-la-savane-en-richesse-agricole-dans-huit-pays-africains (© Commodafrica) Fig. 16: https://volcanspro.azurseisme.com/tassili-najjer-algerie/ (© André Laurenti) Publié par l’Association Française de Cartographie de la Faune et de la Flore (AFCFF)