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A new species of Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA), parasitoid of the mealybug Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) PDF

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Preview A new species of Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA), parasitoid of the mealybug Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Dugesiana, Año 28, No. 1, (enero-junio, primer semestre de 2021), es una publicación semestral, editada por la Universidad de Guadalajara, a través del Centro de Estudios en Zoología, por el Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez # 2100, Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Tel. 37771150 ext. 33218, http://148.202.248.171/dugesiana/index.php/DUG/index, [email protected]. Editor responsable: José Luis Navarrete-Heredia. Reserva de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo 04-2009-062310115100-203, ISSN: 2007- 9133, otorgados por el Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor. Responsable de la última actualización de este número: José Luis Navarrete-Heredia, Editor y Ana Laura González-Hernández, Asistente Editorial. Fecha de la última modificación 15 defebrero 2021, con un tiraje de un ejemplar. Las opiniones expresadas por los autores no necesariamente reflejan la postura del editor de la publicación. Queda estrictamente prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de los contenidos e imágenes de la publicación sin previa autorización de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Dugesiana 28(1): 3-7 ISSN 1405-4094 (edición impresa) Fecha de publicación: 15 de febrero 2021 ISSN 2007-9133 (edición online) ©Universidad de Guadalajara http://zoobank.org/F84C37E7-F0DD-40F8-8C5C-4D85E528BFD0 Artículo A new species of Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA), parasitoid of the mealybug Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Una nueva especie de Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) de la Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico (EE.UU.), parasitoide del piojo harinoso Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Serguei Vladimirovich Triapitsyn Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA, [email protected], ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-7847 ABSTRACT A new species of the genus Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A. belenaguirreae sp. n., is described from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA) as a primary parasitoid of the mealybug Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Achyranthes aspera var. aspera (Amaranthaceae) and Portulaca sp. (Portulacaceae). An identification key to females of Acerophagus species in the New World with dark cross bands on the gastral dorsum is provided. A lectotype is designated for Acerophagus californicus Rosen, which is illustrated. Key words: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, Acerophagus, Vieques Island, parasitoid, mealybug, Hypogeococcus. RESUMEN Se describe una nueva especie del género Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A. belenaguirreae sp. n., de la Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico (EE.UU.) como un parasitoide primario del piojo harinoso Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) sobre Achyranthes aspera var. aspera (Amaranthaceae) y Portulaca sp. (Portulacaceae). Se proporciona una clave para la determinación de las especies de Acerophagus en el Nuevo Mundo con bandas cruzadas oscuras sobre el dorso abdominal. Se designa un lectotipo para Acerophagus californicus Rosen, el cual se ilustra. Palabras clave: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, Acerophagus, Isla de Vieques, parasitoide, piojo harinoso, Hypogeococcus. A new species of the genus Acerophagus Smith California, USA (UCRC). (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is described herein from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA) as a primary parasitoid of TAXONOMY Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on chaff- Acerophagus belenaguirreae Triapitsyn sp. n. flower, Achyranthes aspera var. aspera (Amaranthaceae), (Figs 2-7) and purslane, Portulaca sp. (Portulacaceae). It was http://zoobank.org/D33D33D7-4F84-4FBB-8F55- discovered in the course of the recent survey for natural A4F6C6CB17E8 enemies of Hypogeococcus spp. mealybugs in Puerto Rico Acerophagus sp. near nubilipennis Dozier: Triapitsyn et and the smaller, adjacent Caribbean islands (Triapitsyn et al. 2020: 371-373 (diagnosis, illustrations, comparison with al. 2020). The mealybug host of this new Acerophagus A. nubilipennis Dozier and A. luteolus Rosen). sp. is a different species (Triapitsyn et al. 2020) from the Type material. Holotype female [UCRC] on slide (Fig. Harrisia cactus mealybug, Hypogeococcus sp., which is an 1) labeled: 1. “Puerto Rico: Vieques Island 18.096533°N invasive pest devastating native cacti (Cactaceae) in Puerto 65.524992°W 24 m, 30.iii.2019, S. V. Triapitsyn from Rico (Carrera-Martínez et al. 2015; Triapitsyn et al. 2018; Hypogeococcus sp. on Achirantes [sic] aspera var. aspera Poveda-Martínez et al. 2019, 2020). (Amaranthaceae), emerged 8.iv.2019, Y. Rodríguez Reyes, All the specimens had been initially preserved in 80% M. J. West Ortiz”; 2. “Mounted by V. V. Berezovskiy ethanol; later most of them were dried using a critical 2019 in Canada balsam”; 3. “Acerophagus ♀ sp. near point dryer, point-mounted, and then one female was slide- nubilipennis Dozier, luteolus Rosen Dry body L: 0.66 mounted in Canada balsam. Terms for morphological mm Det. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2019”; 4. [red] “Acerophagus features in the description are mostly those of Gibson belenaguirreae Triapitsyn HOLOTYPE ♀”; 5. [barcode (1997). Measurements are given in micrometers (µm) as database label] “UCRC UCRC_ENT 00542147”. The length or length: width (for the wings). An abbreviation holotype is dissected under 4 coverslips. Paratypes: same used is: F = antennal funicular segment. Type specimens data as the holotype [2 females: one on point (UCRC_ENT of Acerophagus spp. are deposited in the Entomology 00542149) and the other in ethanol in a freezer, UCRC Research Museum, University of California, Riverside, (UCRC_ENT 00542150)]; same data except on Portulaca © 2021 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dugesiana 28(1): 3-7 3 Serguei Vladimirovich Triapitsyn sp. (Portulacaceae) [1 female on point, UCRC (UCRC_ MALE. Unknown. ENT 00542148)]. Diagnosis. In Rosen (1969), A. belenaguirreae keys Description. FEMALE (holotype). Color. Body and to couplet 12 together with A. nubilipennis Dozier, appendages (Figs 2, 3) mostly yellow except for two distinct originally described from Puerto Rico (Dozier 1926), and dark cross bands on gastral dorsum from cercal plates and A. californicus Rosen from California, USA, both of which one inconspicuous, incomplete lighter band anterior to have two narrow, dark cross bands on the gastral dorsum them; flagellum of antenna partially dirty yellow (more so from the cercal plates (Rosen 1969). Triapitsyn et al. F5 and clava); eyes gray, ocelli pink; mesoscutum, axilla (2020), who diagnosed A. nubilipennis and illustrated its and scutellum darker yellow than the rest of body, tegula holotype, mentioned the following morphological female white, tip of ovipositor sheaths brown. features that separate A. belenaguirreae (as Acerophagus Sculpture. Head with reticulate sculpture; scape smooth; sp. near nubilipennis) from A. nubilipennis: the latter mesoscutum, axilla and scutellum with inconspicuous has very different proportions of the antennal segments, sculpture. particularly of the scape, F4, F5 and clava being notably Pubescence. Mesosoma (except propodeum) dorsally longer and relatively narrower, and its fore wing disc is with numerous dark setae. more sparsely setose behind the submarginal vein anterior Head (Fig. 4) about as wide as high. Frontovertex about to linea calva (figs 4c and 4d, respectively, in Triapitsyn 1.5× as long as wide and 0.35× head width. Toruli just et al. 2020, p. 374) than in the former (Figs 5 and 7, below level of lower eye margin. Ocelli in an equilateral respectively). The female antenna and fore wing of A. triangle; minimum distance between posterior ocelli (POL) belenaguirreae are more similar to those of A. luteolus 3.5× greater than that between posterior ocellus and eye Rosen from Trinidad and Tobago, known as a parasitoid margin (OOL); distance between posterior ocellus and of Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Pseudococcidae) (Rosen occipital margin about 2× ocellar diameter. Maxillary 1969). However, in the latter the gaster is uniformly pale palpus 3-segmented, labial palpus 2-segmented. yellow (Rosen 1969). Acerophagus belenaguirreae is Antenna (Fig. 5) with radicle 3.0× as long as wide, also similar to A. flavus Rosen from Jamaica, known as a rest of scape 4.1× as long as wide; pedicel 2.1× as long as parasitoid of an undetermined mealybug on an Acalypha sp. wide, much longer than any funicular segment; funicular (Euphorbiaceae), but in the latter the fore wing is entirely segments all wider than long, F2 the shortest and F5 the hyaline and the female gaster is entirely about “cadmium longest, only F5 with a multiporous plate sensillum; clava yellow”, without dark cross bands (Rosen 1969). 3-segmented, 1.9× as long as wide and about 1.4× as long Females of A. californicus and A. belenaguirreae, as funicle. which also have similar antennae and fore wings, differ in Mesosoma (Fig. 6). Mesoscutum about 1.6× as wide as the following: in the former, the antennal clava (Fig. 10) is long; scutellum about as long as mesoscutum. relatively longer and narrower, 2.4-2.7× as long as wide, Wings (Fig. 7) not abbreviated, extending far beyond and dark cross bands on the gastral dorsum are relatively apex of gaster. Fore wing 2.6× as long as wide, with disc narrower and less conspicuous (Fig. 9) than in the latter mostly hyaline except for a more or less triangular-shaped, species (Figs 2, 6), in which the antennal clava (Fig. 5) is relatively shorter and wider, about 1.9× as long as wide. conspicuous dark cloud behind stigmal vein; linea calva Acerophagus belenaguirreae differs from A. papayae not interrupted, closed posteriorly by 2 lines of setae, filum Noyes and Schauff, originally described from Mexico spinosum with 3 setae; costal cell about 14× as long as (Noyes and Schauff 2003), in having a relatively wider wide, with setae on dorsal surface arranged in 1 incomplete frontovertex, as indicated in the key below. row; marginal vein punctiform, postmarginal vein very In Noyes (2010), who provided a diagnosis of short. Hind wing 4.8× as long as wide, with disc hyaline. Acerophagus, an account of its use in biocontrol, and a key Legs. Mesotibial spur slightly shorter than to females of Costa Rican species, A. belenaguirreae keys mesobasitarsus. to couplet 32 together with A. diux Noyes and A. charino Gaster (Fig. 6) longer than mesosoma. Ovipositor Noyes, both of which lack the two distinct, dark cross bands occupying about 0.6 length of gaster, exserted beyond its on the gastral dorsum; also, their flagella of the female apex by about 0.2× total length of ovipositor, and 1.2× as antennae are differently colored (the clavae are lighter long as mesotibia. colored). Measurements (µm) of the holotype. Body (of the critical point-dried, point-mounted specimen prior to slide- Key to species of Acerophagus in the New World mounting) 660; mesosoma 314; metasoma 397; ovipositor with at least two distinct dark cross bands on gastral 277. Antenna: radicle 18; rest of scape 124; pedicel 55; F1 dorsum from the cercal plates (females). 12; F2 11; F3 14; F4 15; F5 21; clava 106. Fore wing 603: 1. Fore wing disc more sparsely, less uniformly setose 233; longest marginal seta 24. Hind wing 436: 91; longest behind submarginal vein anterior to linea calva (Fig. marginal seta 36. 12) …………........................… A. nubilipennis Dozier Variation (dry-mounted, critical point-dried paratypes). – Fore wing disc more densely, uniformly setose behind Body length 690-760 µm. 4 © 2021 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dugesiana 28(1): 3-7 A new Acerophagus from Puerto Rico (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) submarginal vein anterior to linea calva (Figs 7, 11) of the remaining 20 paralectotypes are unknown although ………….....................................…………………… 2 they could be in Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, 2. Frontovertex about 2.0× as long as wide Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (TAU); Rosen (1969, ……................………. A. papayae Noyes and Schauff p. 69) indicated that some syntypes were in “the author’s collection”, which is now in TAU. – Frontovertex at most 1.7× as long as wide …….. 3 The only known host of A. californicus is Spilococcus 2. Antennal clava (Fig. 10) relatively longer and narrower, pressus Ferris (Pseudococcidae) on oleander, Nerium 2.4-2.7× as long as wide; dark cross bands on gastral oleander (Apocynaceae), from which the original syntype dorsum relatively narrower and less conspicuous (Fig. series was reared; the type locality of this species is El 9) ….....................................….. A. californicus Rosen Centro, Imperial County, California, USA (Rosen 1969). On – Antennal clava (Fig. 5) relatively shorter and wider, about the lectotype slide, one of the labels provides a street address 1.9× as long as wide; dark cross bands on gastral dorsum of the type locality (omitted in the original description), relatively wider and the two apical ones more conspicuous which corresponds to 32°47’29’’N 115°32’25’’W, -13 m; (Figs 2, 6) …………………. A. belenaguirreae sp. n. the original sample with mealybugs had been apparently collected by R. A. Flock, and the emerged parasitoids were Host. Hypogeococcus sp. (Pseudococcidae). then reared by P. DeBach and S. C. Warner. More recently, Etymology. This species is named after M. Belén Zuparko (2015) mentioned several additional specimens Aguirre (FuEDEI, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina) from California that may be conspecific with A. californicus. for her outstanding contributions to research on Hypogeococcus spp. mealybugs and their natural enemies ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and biological control. I thank Christian W. Torres Santana (at that time with Remarks. I examined part of the original syntype series Arboreto Parque Doña Inés, Fundación Luis Muñoz Marín, of A. californicus which remained in UCRC, mounted San Juan, Puerto Rico) and Mike Barandiaran (Vieques on one of the two original slides in Hoyer’s mounting National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, medium (Rosen 1969). A lectotype is here designated to Vieques Island, Puerto Rico) for help with applications clear up confusion about status of the type specimens of A. for the required collecting permits, Yorelyz Rodríguez californicus: while Rosen (1969, pp. 68-69) described this Reyes and Michael J. West Ortiz (Department of Biology, species from 26 female syntypes, Noyes (2019) indicated University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto a “holotype” in UCRC, which was an invalid designation. Rico) for help with rearing of the parasitoids, and also Lectotype female [UCRC] on slide (Fig. 8) labeled: 1. Vladimir V. Berezovskiy (UCRC) for mounting specimens. “LOC 283 E. StatE St. El CEntro, Calif. DATE 22 apr. This research was supported by the Cooperative Agreement 1966 HOST SpilococcuS preSSuS DET R. floCk 1966 ON with the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural olEandEr r [faint, in pencil]”; 2. “CO-TYPES [in red Research Service to develop biological control for the ink] NAME Pseudaphycus [crossed out] Acerophagus Harrisia cactus mealybug (USDA-APHIS Farm Bill californicus, n. sp. [in red ink] DET D. Rosen 1966 COLL funding for Fiscal Year 2019). DeB, Warner NO”; 3. [database barcode label] “UCRC ENT 023323”; 4. [a small white circle] “W. A. ♀”. The LITERATURE CITED following red (for the lectotype, on the upper side of the Carrera-Martínez, R., L. Aponte-Díaz, J. Ruiz-Arocho and slide) and light blue (for the paralectotypes, on the underside D.A. Jenkins. 2015. Symptomatology of infestation of the slide) labels have been added to the original ones: by Hypogeococcus pungens: contrasts between host “Acerophagus californicus Rosen, 1969 LECTOTYPE species. Haseltonia, (21): 14-18. ♀ Des. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2020” and “Acerophagus Dozier, H.L. 1926. Some new Porto Rican scale parasites californicus Rosen, 1969 PARALECTOTYPES 5 ♀♀ Des. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Proceedings of the by S. V. Triapitsyn 2020”. The lectotype (Fig. 9), marked by Entomological Society of Washington, 28 (5): 97-101. an arrow in India ink on the coverslip, is in good condition, Gibson, G.A.P. 1997. Chapter 2. Morphology and complete; it is the specimen in the middle of the top row of terminology. (pp. 16-44). In: Gibson, G.A.P., J.T. Huber three females when viewed under a dissecting microscope and J.B. Woolley (Eds.). Annotated keys to the genera of (with their heads up). Paralectotypes: 5 females on the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research same slide. Specimens on this lectotype/paralectotype slide Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. (Fig. 8) are too overcleared to be remounted in Canada Noyes, J.S. 2010. Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: balsam without having potential quality problems; at least Chalcidoidea), 3. Subfamily Encyrtinae: Encyrtini, for now, the slide remains to be in good original condition, Echthroplexiellini, Discodini, Oobiini and Ixodiphagini, with the water-soluble mounting medium holding well; the parasitoids associated with bugs (Hemiptera), insect eggs coverslip seems to be double-ringed, first with Zut® as the (Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera) and primary ringing compound (Triapitsyn and Kim 2008) and ticks (Acari). Memoirs of the American Entomological then with Canada balsam on top of that. The whereabouts Institute, 84: 1-848. © 2020 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dugesiana 28(1): 3-7 5 Serguei Vladimirovich Triapitsyn Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea database. The Acerophagus E. Smith with descriptions of new species Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Hilgardia, 40 (2): 41-72. ac.uk/chalcidoids. Accessed 8 June 2020. Triapitsyn, S.V., M.B. Aguirre, G.A. Logarzo, S.D. Noyes, J.S. and M.E. Schauff. 2003. New Encyrtidae Hight, M.A. Ciomperlik, P.F. Rugman-Jones and (Hymenoptera) from papaya mealybug (Paracoccus J.C. Verle Rodrigues. 2018. Complex of primary and marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink) secondary parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae and (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae). Signiphoridae) of Hypogeoccoccus spp. mealybugs Proceedings of the Entomological Society of (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the New World. Washington, 105 (1): 180-185. Florida Entomologist, 101 (3): 411-434. Poveda-Martínez, D., M.B. Aguirre, G. Logarzo, L. Triapitsyn, S.V., S.D. Hight, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre, Calderón, A. de la Colina, S. Hight, S. Triapitsyn, H. J.C. Verle Rodrigues, V.A. Trjapitzin, Z. Rivera Diaz-Soltero and E. Hasson. 2019. Untangling the Ocasio, M.L. Rivera-Vázquez, M.J. West Ortiz and Hypogeococcus pungens species complex (Hemiptera: Y. Rodríguez Reyes. 2020. Natural enemies of the Pseudococcidae) for Argentina, Australia, and Puerto Harrisia cactus mealybug and other Hypogeococcus Rico based on host plant associations and genetic species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Puerto Rico: evidence. PLoS One, 14 (7): e0220366 (https://doi. Identification and taxonomic notes on primary and org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220366). secondary parasitoids. Neotropical Entomology, 49 (3): Poveda-Martínez, D., M.B. Aguirre, G. Logarzo, S.D. 369-391. Hight, S. Triapitsyn, H. Diaz-Soltero, M.D. Vitorino Triapitsyn, S.V. and J.-W. Kim. 2008. An annotated and E. Hasson. 2020. Species complex diversification catalog of the type material of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: by host plant use in an herbivorous insect: The source Aphelinidae) in the Entomology Research Museum, of Puerto Rican cactus mealybug pest and implications University of California at Riverside. University of for biological control. Ecology and Evolution, 10 (19): California Publications in Entomology, 129: i-viii + 10463-10480. (https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6702). 1-124. Rosen, D. 1969. A systematic study of the genus Zuparko, R.L. 2015. Annotated checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 4017 (1): 1-126. Recibido: 25 de junio 2020 Aceptado: 5 de septiembre 2020 Figures 1-3. Acerophagus belenaguirreae (female): 1. Holotype Figures 4-7. Acerophagus belenaguirreae (holotype slide. 2. Habitus of paratype in dorsal view. 3. Habitus of holotype female): 4. Head in frontal view. 5. Antenna. 6. Mesosoma in dorsolateral view. and metasoma. 7. Fore and hind wings. 6 © 2021 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dugesiana 28(1): 3-7 A new Acerophagus from Puerto Rico (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Figures 8-9. Acerophagus californicus (lectotype female): 8. Slide. 9. Habitus. Figures 10-11. Acerophagus californicus (lectotype female): 10. Antenna. 11. Fore wing. Figure 12. Acerophagus nubilipennis (holotype female): fore wing. © 2020 Universidad de Guadalajara, Dugesiana 28(1): 3-7 7

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