S.J., P., A new scansorial species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae)... Richards, Oliver, Brown, R.M.: (plate 1) A new scansorial species of Platymantis Gunther, 1858 (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from Manus Island, Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea Stephen J. Richards 1, Paul Oliver 2, Rafe M. Brown 3 1 - Corresponding author: Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, 5000, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; [email protected] 2 - Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, VIC 3001, Melbourne, Australia 3 - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and KU Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, KS 66045-7593, Lawrence, U.S.A. Abstract: Recent surveys and examination of museum specimens have revealed at least seven new species of frogs from the remote Admiralty Archipelago off northern Papua New Guinea. This includes six species of the genus Platymantis Gunther, 1858 (Family Ceratobatrachidae) of which three, Platymantis admiraltiensis Richards, Mack, Austin, 2007, P. latro Richards, Mack, Austin, 2007 and P. manus Kraus, Allison, 2009 have been described since 2007. Here we describe an additional species of Platymantis from Manus Island in the Admiralty Archipelago. The new species is most similar morphologically to Platymantis macrosceles Zweifel, 1975 and P. citrinospilus Brown, Richards, Broadhead, 2013 both from New Britain Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, in having greatly expanded finger and toe discs and a slender body form, but differs from both of those species in a suite of morphological and acoustic characters. Frog diversity on Manus Island is high for such a small and isolated oceanic island group, and is considerably higher than the nearby and much larger New Ireland. Keywords: Amphibia, frog, new species, Ceratobatrachidae, Manus Province, New Guinea. Introduction Brown 1997). However, the presence of additional undescribed species was hinted at by Brown Isolated oceanic islands are characterized by (1997) who mentioned an unnamed Platymantis relatively depauperate frog faunas, a reflection of Gunther species from the Admiralties, but provided the poor over-sea dispersal ability of most frogs no further information about it. (Zug 2013). Melanesian islands to the north A short survey in northern Manus Island by and east of New Guinea are notable exceptions, the senior author during 2002 and additional having moderately diverse ceratobatrachid frog recent material obtained from Manus and several assemblages (e.g. Brown 1952; Foufopoulos & smaller islands in the archipelago revealed that the Brown 2004; Brown et al. 2006a & b; Foufopoulos frog fauna is far more diverse than has previously & Richards 2007; Kraus & Allison 2007; Brown et been recognized. Based on these collections al. 2013). Richards et al. (2007) described two new species The Admiralty Archipelago is situated of Platymantis, P. admiraltiensis and P. latro, both approximately 275 km north of mainland Papua New of which appear to be endemic to the Admiralty Guinea. The largest and highest island in the group Archipelago. Subsequently Kraus and Allison is Manus, with an area of approximately 2 020 km2 (2009) described P. manus based on older material and reaching 719 m elevation. Collections from the found in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. archipelago in the early twentieth century obtained Here we describe an additional new species of specimens of at least four frog species (Brown Platymantis from Manus Island. 1997) but despite the archipelago’s isolation only one of these, Discodeles vogti (Hediger, 1934), was until recently recognized as endemic (Allison 1996; 123 D. (ed.) 2014: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, volume II Telnov Material and methods follows: ALM = field collection of Andrew L. Mack, CCA = field collection of Christopher C Austin, JCU Field surveys were conducted on Manus Island = James Cook University (field collection of SJ. between 4-10 June 2002. Collecting localities Richards). are illustrated in Fig. 1. Frogs were located along forest trails using head-torches and by tracking advertisement calls. Voucher specimens were fixed Description of new species in 10% formalin and stored in 70% ethanol. Liver tissues from exemplars of all species were removed Platymantis custos sp. nov. (Figs 2-3, plate 1) and stored in 95% ethanol prior to specimen fixation Holotype SAMA R 63525 (FN = JCU 2654), Chachuau in formalin. New material is deposited in the South Camp near Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island, Papua New Australian Museum, Australia (SAMA) and the Guinea (2°01.089’ S, 146°47.807’ E) collected on 10 Papua New Guinea National Museum (PNGNM). June 2002 by S. Richards. Measurements (to the nearest 0.1 mm) were taken Paratypes 21 specimens: UPNG 10020 (FN = JCU with dial calipers and a stereomicroscope fitted 2614), 10021 (FN = JCU 2615), 10022 (FN = JCU 2633), with an ocular micrometer. They are: snout-vent 10023 (FN = JCU 2644), 10024 (FN = JCU 2652), SAMA length (SVL), tibia length (TL), head width at the R 63510-11 (FN = JCU 2610-11), R63512-13 (FN = angle of the jaws (HW), head length as a straight- JCU 2617, 2619), R 63514 (FN = JCU 2632), R63515 line distance from posterior of tympanum to tip of (FN = JCU 2634), R 63516 (FN = JCU 2636), R 63517 snout (HL), horizontal eye diameter (EYE), inter- (FN = JCU 2651), R 63518 (FN = JCU 2653), R 63519- narial distance (IN) to proximal edge, not centre 21 (FN = JCU 2656-58) UPNG 10018 (FN = JCU of naris, eye-naris distance (EN), width of 3rd finger 2613), UPNG 10019 (FN = JCU 2612), SAMA R 63518 disc at right angle to digital axis (3FD) and width (FN JCU 2653) $$, all collected by S. Richards at the of penultimate phalanx of 3rd finger (3FP), width type locality between 7-10 June 2002; SAMA R63511 of 1st finger disc (1FD) and penultimate phalanx (FN = JCU 2611) S collected by S. Richards at Tulu 1 (1FP), and of 4th toe disc (4TD) and penultimate Village, Manus Island, Papua New Guinea (1°57.530’ S, phalanx (4TP), as for 3rd finger. Vocalisations were 146°50.085’E) on 6 June 2002. recorded with a Sony TCM 5000 tape recorder and Referred specimens. SAMA R 63522-23 (FN = ALM Sennheiser ME-66 microphone, and were analysed 1369-70), Natnewai Camp, about 3.7 km NNE of Patu with the sound analysis program Avisoft SAS-Lab Mission, Manus Island (approximately 02°10’S, 147° Pro. 02’E) collected by A. Mack on 29 April 2001, SAMA R Comparative material from the following 63524 (FN = CCA 2060), Tingau Village, 27 km from institutions was examined. Abbreviations follow Lorengau, Manus Island (02°05.76’S, 147° 06.33’E) on Sabaj Perez (2013): American Museum of Natural 30 August 2001. History (AMNH), Bishop Museum, Hawaii (BPBM), California Academy of Sciences (CAS and CAS-SU), Derivatio nominis: From the Latin custos = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (MSNG), ‘guardian’, referring to the egg-guarding behaviour Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard by males of this species. University (MCZ), Natural History Museum, London Diagnosis: A moderately small (males 25.9-31.4 (BM), South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA), mm, females 29.3-32.8 mm), extremely slender Papua New Guinea National Museum (PNGNM), species that can be distinguished from congeners United States National Museum (USNM), the Texas by the following combination of characters: 1) discs Natural History Collection of the University of Texas on fingers and toes prominent, 2) limbs extremely at Austin (TNHC), the University of Wisconsin Zoology long, slender (TL/SVL 0.54-0.65), 3) snout narrow, Museum (UWZM), the University of Kansas (KU), acuminate, protruding distinctly beyond lower and Natural Sciences Resource Collection at the jaw, 4) tubercles on dorsum and tibiae small University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG). Additional but prominent in life, 5) tubercle above eye only meristic and morphological data were taken from moderately developed, 6) dorsum brown, without Foufopoulos & Brown (2004). Species in the diverse reticulate pattern and 7) advertisement call a long, Philippines radiation of Platymantis do not occur in unmusical note train containing 632 notes uttered Melanesia so comparisons presented below are at a rate of 9-16 notes/s and lasting 13 s. Dominant restricted to Melanesian taxa. Coordinates of sites frequency ranged from 3603 to 4317 Hz across the use the GPS datum WGS-84. 19 calls analyzed. FN = Field number abbreviations are as Description of holotype: Adult male with vocal 124 Richards, S.J., Oliver, P., Brown, R.M.: A new scansorial species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae)... (plate 1) slits, calling when collected. Habitus very slender, almost circular, approximately half length of inner elongate; head moderately narrow (HW/HL = tubercle; outer tubercle approximately half size of 0.34) but distinctly wider than body; snout long, inner tubercle, prominently raised and round. with distinctly pointed tip in dorsal aspect, slightly Colouration in preservative: dorsum pale rounded, nearly truncate in lateral aspect (Fig. 2); grey-brown, with numerous tiny darker brown upper jaw protrudes distinctly beyond lower jaw, maculations, particularly dense around the labial region flared and sloping; interorbital region supratympanic fold, nares and posterior edge of the and dorsal surface of snout flat, without saggital hindlimbs, eyes distinctly darker; ventral surfaces crest. Canthus rostra I is marginally curved with off white with scattered brown maculations, distinct outwards bow just prior to eyes; loreal particularly on throat, forelimbs and hindlimbs. region steep, deeply concave. Nares much closer Colouration in life similar, dorsum being slightly to tip of snout than to eyes, positioned just below more vividly, but still uniformly, grey-brown. canthal ridge, oriented laterally and visible in dorsal Measurements of holotype (in mm): SVL = 30.9, view. Choanae small and ovoid, separated by a TL = 17.4, EN = 3.8, IN = 2.2, HW - 10.5, HL = 11.5, distance approximately four times their diameter. EYE = 3.7, EAR = 1.8, 4TD = 1.1, 4TP = 0.5, 3FD = Two prominent, roughly triangular bundles of 2.0, 3FP = 0.5, 1FD = 0.9. vomerine teeth located marginally posterior to Variation in the type series: In preservative and medial of the choanae, their anterior edges dorsal colouration is highly variable, varying separated by a distance roughly 3-4 times the through shades of dark brown to grey brown; three diameter of the choanae and their posterior edges specimens (UPNG 10023-24, SAMA R63520) have separated by a distance approximately 2 times a sharply defined off white dorsal stripe and one the diameter of the choanae. Tongue lanceolate specimen has wide dorsal blaze of grey brown. with very pointed anterior tip and bifid posterior Many specimens have faint barring on both hind edge. Eyes moderately large (EYE/SVL = 0.12), and forelimbs. Ventral surfaces always have a bulbous, protruding significantly in dorsal view base colour of off-white, however there are varying and marginally in lateral view, without tubercles levels of brown maculations on the legs and throat, dorsally; pupil horizontal. Tympanum moderately ra ngi ng from a I most a bsent, especia I ly on th roat, to small (EAR/SVL = 0.058), tympanic annulus clearly very heavily mottled with brown. The four females visible except dorsal edge that is obscured by single available are on average slightly larger than the supratympanic fold extending from posterior edge males, but the ranges overlap significantly and of orbit to supra-axial region. Skin without other the sexes are very hard to differentiate without dermal folds; dorsum, throat and ventral surfaces internal investigation {SS 25.9-31.14 mm, mean = of limbs smooth, belly coarsely granular. Prominent 29.2 mm; $$ 29.3-32.8 mm, mean = 30.9 mm). spiniform, post-rictal tubercles at terminal edge Measurements and proportions of the type series of lower jaw, and small low indistinct tubercles are presented in Table 2. in rictal region, on posterior edge of tarsus, in Colouration in life: Based on photographs of scapular region and around vent. Limbs long (TL/ several individuals in life the dorsum is always a SVL - 0.56) and slender. Fingers long, unwebbed, shade of brown, ranging from pale brown to olive with very large truncate terminal discs (3FP/3FD brown or yellowish-brown, and the skin may be = 0.25) (Fig. 2); disc on finger 1 greatly reduced; somewhat transluscent ventrolaterally. There may relative lengths lll>IV>ll>l; subarticular tubercles be cream spots along the lower lip and laterally on prominent, round, one under digits l-ll, two under the body, and a narrow brown line from the snout digits lll-IV, supernumerary tubercles present at through the nostril to the eye. SAMA R63516 was base of digits lll-IV; inner metatarsal flat, oval and olive brown in life with a pale yellow mid-dorsal line elongate, outer metatarsal divided into large almost from the snout to the vent and pale yellow patches circular medial tubercle and much smaller (one laterally on the snout and dorsum. There are third size) elongate rounded outer tubercle. Toes yellowish brown and pale brown patches dorsally, long, unwebbed, relative lengths IV>I 11 >V>I I >1); toe and a narrow dark brown bar from snout to eye IV very elongate, approximately twice length of III; separates yellow in the loreal region from olive toe I very short; terminal discs expanded (4TP/4TD brown colouration dorsally on the snout. Hidden = 0.46) on all digits except I; subarticular tubercles surfaces of the thighs are transluscent. The iris is prominent, one on toes l-ll, two on lll-V and three pale brown. on IV; inner metacarpal tubercle long, ovoid and Advertisement call: The call of this species is a slightly raised; medial tubercle low, indistinct and rapidly produced train of 6-33 rather harsh notes Telnov D. (ed.) 2014: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, volume II lasting 0.5-3 seconds. Notes are 0.01-0.03 s long it was encountered it occurred in sympatry with and uttered at a rate of 9-16 notes/s. Dominant Platymantis admiraltiensis Richards, Mack, Austin, frequency is 3603-4317 Hz. Inter-note interval is 2007, P. latro Richards, Mack, Austin, 2007, P. generally slightly longer at the start of each call, manus Kraus, Allison, 2009, and two undescribed which then ‘stabilises’ to a relatively consistent call species of Platymantis. The ecology of this species rate. Structural details of 19 calls from three males is currently the subject of a detailed study (Taitibe are summarized in Table 1 and a single call is and Richards, unpublished data). illustrated in Fig. 3. The impression from observing Differential diagnoses: Platymantis custos males calling in the field was that shorter calls were is most similar to (and likely most closely related often terminated due to disturbance, or were ‘start¬ to) three shrub frogs known only from the Nakanai up’ calls. Mountains of New Britain island in the Bismark Behaviour: Males of this species called from Archipelago: P. citrinospilus Brown, Richards, elevated positions between approximately 0.5-2 m Broadhead, 2013, P. macrosceles Zweifel, 1975 above the ground on leaves in rainforest between and P. mamusiorum Foufopoulos, Brown, 2004. sea level and the summit of Mt. Dremsel (719 m), These are the only other species in the Melanesian the highest point on Manus. The new species was region to have a combination of moderate size, encountered in relatively undisturbed primaryforest slender body form and widely expanded finger and also on the edges of gardens around villages. and toe discs (Foufopoulos & Brown 2004; Brown Several males were observed guarding eggs on et al. 2013). Platymantis custos differs from the surface of leaves (Plate 1). At most sites where P. citrinospilus in never having brick reddish- Figure 1. Map of Manus Island showing collection localities for Platymantis custos sp. nov. 126 S.J., P., A new scansorial species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae)... Richards, Oliver, Brown, R.M.: (plate 1) brown ground colouration with bright yellow flank Archipelago, Platymantis custos (SVL 25.9-32.8) areolations, in lacking a distinct mid-saggital crest differs from the larger P. nakanaiorum (SVL 35.8- (both present in P citrinospilus), and in its much 38.0) and P. nexipus (SVL 39.3-43.7) and the more elongate and protruding snout. It differs much smaller P. browni and P. caesiops (SVL < 27) from P. macrosceles by its brown base colour by body size, and by its much more pointed and (homogeneous green in P. macrosceles), the protruding snout (versus rounded snout) (Zweifel absence of highly enlarged, prominent supra-ocular 1975; Allison & Kraus 2001; Foufopoulos & Brown and tarsal tubercles (present in P. macrosceles) 2004; Brown et al. 2006a; Kraus & Allison 2009). and its more elongate and protruding snout; and Platymantis custos can easily be distinguished from P. mamusiorum by its brown (vs green with fine from P. manus Kraus, Allison by its much narrower brown reticulum) dorsum, its extremely elongate, snout and from all terrestrial species of Platymantis pointed (versus rounded) snout and by its pulsed on Manus (P. admiraltiensis, P. latro), and New advertisement call (versus a stridulated series of Britain (R adiastolus Brown, Richards, Sukumaran, “croaks” or “crunches” in P. mamusiorum). Of the Foufopoulos, 2006, P. akarithymus, Brown, Tyler, other tree-dwelling shrub frogs of the Bismarck 1968, P. boulengeri (Boettger, 1892), P. bufonulus Figure 2. Platymantis custos sp. nov., holotype. A - Head; B - Right hand; C - Right foot (SAMA R63525) [scale bar 5 mm]. ''n' X 6- & i f r f f f f |f j f |~j-1 f f I f f f f f f f f f r r r u* 4* f f <D \\ (h 2- Time (sec) Figure 3. Platymantis custos sp. nov. waveform (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of a single call (SAMA R63512). 127 D. (ed.) 2014: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, volume II Telnov Kraus, Allison, 2007, P. gillardi Zweifel, 1960, P. R62799 (holotype), UPNG 10049, SAMA R62800- magnus Brown, Menzies, 1979, P. mimicus Brown, 01, UPNG 10050, SAMA R62802-03; Lorengau: Tyler, 1968, P. schmidti Brown, Tyler, 1968 , and SAMA R62804-05; Tulu 1 Village: SAMA R62808- R sulcatus Kraus, Allison, 2007) by the presence 10; Tingau Village: SAMA R62806; Natnewai Camp: of widely expanded digital disks of fingers and SAMA R62811-16; Los Negros Island, Salami toes (versus finger and toe termini non-expanded Village: SAMA R62807 (paratypes). to only slightly expanded). It differs from the other more distant Melanesian Platymantis species with Platymantis akarithymus Brown, Tyler, 1968 similarly wide digital discs in its much smaller size Material examined: 8 specimens, Papua New (Platymantis guppyi (Boulenger, 1884), Platymantis Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Island, neckeri (Brown and Myers, 1949), Platymantis West New Britain Province, S coast, ca 14 km NW parilis Brown, Richards, 2008 (Solomon Islands) Pomugu, Kandrian: CAS-SU 22875 (paratype); and Platymantis vitiensis (Girard, 1853) (Fiji) are Moramora, 3 km N, 7 km E Floskins: MCZ-A 88823; all significantly larger (> 38.6 mm for adult males)), Pomugu, SAMA R7073 (holotype), SAMA R6982 and much more slender body form (Foufopoulos & (paratype); East New Britain, Malasait (04.464oS, Brown 2004). 151.8890E), SAMA R7066, R7082; SAMA 57020- Distribution: This species is currently known only 21; Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Province, from Manus Island, Admiralty Archipelago, Papua Lamas Camp: SAMA R64679, 64680. New Guinea (Fig. 1). Platymantis batantae Zweifel, 1969 Material examined: 5 specimens, Indonesia, Specimens examined Raja Ampat Islands, Batanta Island, Warinkabom: MZB 12256; Waire Camp: MZB 12258; Yakut Platymantis acrochordus (Brown, 1965) Camp: MZB 12268; Waigeo Island, Camp near Material examined: 17 specimens, Solomon Urbinasopen: MZB 12276; Papua mainland, Islands, North Solomons, Bougainville Island, Manokwari, Gunung Meja: MZB 12299. Bougainville Province, Kunua: MCZ-A 38196 (paratype); Asesi, S. of Kunua MCZ-A 41871-72, Platymantis bimaculatus Gunther, 1999 44256-67 (paratypes); Kolopakisa Village, Isabel Material examined: 4 specimens, Indonesia, Island: SAMA R56300; Posarae, Choiseul Island, Raja Ampat Islands, Waigeo: MZB 12267, 12272, SAMA R56932. 12275, 12279 Platymantis aculeodactylus Brown, 1952 Platymantis boulengeri (0. Boettger, 1892) Material examined: 7 specimens, Solomon Material examined: 5 specimens, Papua New Islands, Bougainville Island, Bougainville Province, Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Island, Kunua: MCZ-A 36961-64; KU 98475; Posarae, West New Britain Province, ca 40 km S of Talasea, Choiseul Island: SAMA R56991; Barora Faa Island San Remo Plantation on Willaumez Peninsula: (near Isabel Island): SAMA R56838. CAS-SU 22876; “New Britain Archipelago”: MCZ-A 1729, 9372; Moramora, 3 km N, 7 km E Floskins: Platymantis adiastolus Brown, Richards, MCZ-A 92711; CAS-SU 22873 (paratype of P. Sukumaran, Foufopoulos, 2006 rhipiphalcus), SAMA R7078 (paratype paratype of Material examined: 14 specimens, Papua P. rhipiphalcus); Pomugu: SAMA R7071 (holotype New Guinea, New Britain Island, East New Britain of P. rhipiphalcus); Papua New Guinea, East New Province, Wanui River Valley, Wanui Village: SAMA Britain Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R64798. R61906 (holotype), 57014-15, R60257-59, R61907-09, UPNG 8874-76 (paratypes); East New Platymantis browni Allison, Kraus, 2001 Britain Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R64704, Material examined: 10 specimens, New Ireland 64797. Island, Weitin River Valley, 8 km N, 7 km W of river mouth, “River Camp” (04.544°S 152.964° E), 150 Platymantis admiraltiensis Richards, Mack, m: BPBM 12090, 12099, 12102, 12104, 121061, Austin, 2007 12109,12113,12115,12188,12191 (paratypes). Material examined: 16 specimens, Papua New Guinea, Admiralty Islands, Manus Province, Manus Platymantis bufonulus Kraus, Allison, 2007 Island Chachuau Camp, near Tulu 1 Village: SAMA Material examined: 1 specimen, Papua New 128 S.J., P., A new scansorial species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae)... Richards, Oliver, Brown, R.M.: (plate 1) Guinea, New Britain Island, East New Britain Island: KU 93750-54; Chachuau Camp near Tulu Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R64805. 1 Village: SAMA R62819 (holotype), UPNG 10051, SAMA R62820; Natnewai Camp: SAMA R62826; Platymantis caesiops Kraus, Allison, 2009 Lorengau: UPNG 10052-54, SAMA R62821-23; Material examined: 2 specimens, Papua New Rambutyo Island, Penchal Village: SAMA R62827; Guinea, New Britain Island, East New Britain Los Negros Island, Salami Village: SAMA R62828- Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R10730, 10732. 29 (paratypes). Platymantis cheesmanae Parker, 1940 Platymantis macrops (Brown, 1965) Material examined: 3 specimens, Indonesia, Material examined: 4 specimens, Solomon Cyclops Mountains, Wambena Camp: SJR 6212, Islands, North Solomons, Bougainville Island, 6201, 6204. Bougainville Province, Kunua: MCZ-A 38195-96 (paratypes); Aresi, S. of Kunua: MCZ-A 41864 Platymantis citrinospilus Brown, Richards, (holotype); Matsiogu: MCZ-A 78820. Broadhead, 2013 Material examined: 4 specimens, Papua New Platymantis macrosceles Zweifel, 1975 Guinea, New Britain Island, East New Britain Material examined: 4 specimens, Papua New Province, Nakanai Mountains, Tompoi Camp, 1700 Guinea, West New Britain Province, Ti, Nakanai m above sea level: SAMA R64758 (holotype), SAMA Mountains (central New Britain): BPBM 1005 R64756, R64757, PNGNM 24042 (paratypes). (holotype); Nakanai Mountains, ridge between the Ivule and Sigole Rivers: UWZM 23721, UPNG Platymantis desticans Brown, Richards, 2008 10007; Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Material examined: 4 specimens, Solomon Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R64815. Islands, Isabel Province, Barora Faa Island, (off the western tip of Isabel Island): SAMA R56849 Platymantis magnus Brown, Menzies, 1979 (holotype), and SAMA R56850-52 (paratypes). Material examined: 4 specimens, Papua New Guinea, New Ireland Island, New Ireland Province, Platymantis gillardi Zweifel, 1960 W. Coast, approx. 88 km S Kavieng (“Madina Material examined: 17 specimens, Papua New High School area”): CAS 143640, (holotype); CAS Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Island, 143639 (paratype); Utu, 1 km S, 5 km E Kavieng: West New Britain Province, S coast, ca 7 mi NW MCZ-A 92671-72 (paratypes). Pomugu, Kandrian: CAS-SU 22877-78; Papua New Guinea, West New Britain Province, northern Platymantis mamusiorum Foufopoulos, Brown, Nakanai Mountains, ridge between the Ivule and 2004 Sigole rivers on the northern edge of the Nakanai Material examined: 2 specimens, Papua New Plateau: UWZM 23787-96, 23799-800; East New Guinea, West New Britain Province, northern Britain Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R64801-02. Nakanai Mountains, ridge between the Ivule and Sigole rivers on the northern edge of the Nakanai Platymantis guppyi (Boulenger, 1884) Plateau (05°33.112’S, 151°04.269’E): UWZM Material examined: 59 specimens, Papua New 23720 (holotype), UWZM 23719, 23722, UPNG Guinea, Bougainville Island, Bougainville Province, 9992 (Paratypes); Papua New Guinea, East New Camp Torokina: USNM 120852-53; Kunua: MCZ-A Britain Province, Vouvou Camp: SAMA R64713-14. 38628, 38632-33, 38635, 38638-39, 38664- 666, 38668, 38674, KU 93736-40, 98159-65, Platymantis man us Kraus, Allison, 2009 98468; Melilup: MCZ-A 38629, 38659-60, 38667, Material examined: 2 specimens, Papua New 38669-72, 59498-501; Mutahi: CAS 106553- Guinea, Admiralty Islands, Manus Province, Manus 106565; Solomon Islands, Barora Faa Island (near Island, lorengau, MCZ-A 87512 (holotype), 87513 Isabel Island): SAMA R56839, 56840; Guadalcanal (paratopotype) Island, Tadai District, Mt. Austen, Barana Village: KU 307359, 307375-76, 307381, 307384-86. Platymantis mimicus Brown, Tyler, 1968 Material examined: 6 specimens, Papua New Platymantis latro Richards, Mack, Austin, 2007 Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Island, Material examined: 18 specimens, Papua New West New Britain Province, ca 18 mi S of Talasea, Guinea, Admiralty Islands, Manus Province, Manus Numundo Plantation on Willaumez Peninsula: CAS- D. (ed.) 2014: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, volume II Telnov SU 22874 (paratype), SAMA R6868 (holotype), Lake Sentani: CAS-SU 9709-12; Papua New R7064 (paratype); Kandrian: SAMA R 7069 Guinea, Madang Province, Naru Village: TNHC (paratype); Moramora, 3 km N, 7 km E Hoskins: 51544-46; Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, MCZ-A 88826, 89053. Baiteta cave: TNHC 51541, 51978, 51980. Platymantis myersi Brown, 1949 Platymantis pari Us Brown, Richards, 2008 Material examined: 7 specimens, Solomon Material examined: 4 specimens, Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal Island, river E Popomaneseu Islands, Isabel Province, north-western Isabel track: MCZ-A 79068-72; Papua New Guinea, Island, Kolopakisa Village: SAMA R56911 Bougainville Island, Torokina: USNM 119584; (holotype), SAMA R56908-10 (paratypes). Papua New Guinea, Bougainville Island, Kunua, AMNH 70066 (paratype). Platymantis parkeri (Brown, 1965) Material examined: 10 specimens, Solomon Platymantis nakanaiorum Brown, Foufopoulos, Islands, North Solomons, Bougainville Island, Richards, 2006 Bougainville Province, Kunua: MCZ-A 36914-22 Material examined: 8 specimens, Papua New (paratypes), 36923 (holotype). Guinea, West New Britain Province, northern Nakanai Mountains, northern edge of the Nakanai Platymantis schmidti Brown, Tyler, 1968 plateau, on a ridge between the Ivule and Sigole Material examined: 41 specimens, Papua New rivers 1640 m elevation; UWZM 23897-98, UPNG Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Island, 10010-11 (holotype and three paratypes); Papua East New Britain Province, Karat, Cherub Plantation: New Guinea, East New Britain Province, Vouvou CAS 139651-52; Baining Mountain Range, Gazelle Camp: SAMA R64806-09, SJR 10733. Peninsula: CAS-SU 22880-91 (paratypes); Talasea Plantation, Willaumez Peninsula: SAMA R6762, Platymantis neckeri (Brown, Myers, 1949) 6764, 6784, 6786, 6791, 6795, 6813, 7093, Material examined: 47 specimens, Papua New 7097 (paratypes), 7618 (holotype); San Remo, Guinea, Bougainville Island, Bougainville Province: Willaumez Peninsula: 6858, 6862, 6912, 6923 MCZ-A 30145-46 (paratypes); Bougainville Island, (paratypes); L.A.E.S., Karavat, Gazella Penninsula Kunua: USNM 217441; Melilup: MCZ-A 66853-56, (near Rabaul): SAMA R7147, 7099 (paratypes); 66849, 66849, 66851-53; Mutahi: MCZ-A 66877- Wanui, Wanui River Valley (near Wide Bay), 310 m 78, 66881-82, 66885-90, 66893; 66926-38; above sea level (05°21.638’S, 152°05.266’E), CAS 106451-106458; Solomon Islands, Barora New Britain Island, East New Britain Province: Faa island (near Isabel Island): SAMA R56792-93, SAMA R57014-16, 57040-43; Papua New Guinea, 56841-42. West New Britain Province, northern Nakanai Mountains, ridge between the Ivule and Sigole Platymantis nexipus Zweifel, 1975 rivers on the northern edge of the Nakanai Plateau: Material examined: 17 specimens, Papua New UWZM 23775-78; 23782, 23890. Guinea, West New Britain Province, New Britain Island, Nakanai Mountains, ridge between the Platymantis solomonis (Boulenger, 1884) Ivule and Sigole Rivers, 900-1200 m above sea Material examined: 29 specimens, Papua New level: UPNG 10007-09, UWZM 23893, 23895- Guinea, Bougainville Island, Bougainville Province, 23896; Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Topanas: CAS 109817; Mutahi: CAS 109825-26; Province, New Britain Island, Wanui Camp, Wanui 109829-30, 109840; Solomon Islands, Barora River Valley (near Wide Bay), 310 m above sea level Faa Island (near Isabel Island): SAMA R56843- (05°21.638’S, 152°05.266’E): SAMA 56783- 44.; Papua New Guinea, Bougainville Island, 84; East New Britain Province, Gazelle Peninsula, Kunua: KU 93762-63; 98477; Solomon Islands, Baining Mountains, St. Paul’s, 100-400 m above Western Province, Lola Island: KU 307144-25, sea level, BPBM 1009 (holotype); Papua New 307136; Guadalcanal Province, Guadalcanal Guinea, East New Britain Province, Vouvou Camp: Island, Metapono District, Keamami Village: KU SAMA R64690-91, 64806-09, SJR 10733. 307311; Tadai District, Mt. Austen, Barana Village: KU 307357, 307377, 307382, 307389, 307393, Platymantis papuensis Meyer, 1875 307411, 307428. Material examined: 12 specimens, Indonesia, Papua Province, ‘Hollandia’: CAS-SU: 8790-91; 130 S.J., P., A new scansorial species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae)... Richards, Oliver, Brown, R.M.: (plate 1) Platymantis sulcatus Kraus, Allison, 2007 New Guinea, provided invigorating discussions Material examined: 2 specimens, Papua New about New Guinea conservation and biology Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Island, through frequent downpours during our field-work East New Britain Province, Nakanai Mountains, on Manus. The curators of the following museums Vouvou Camp (859 masl): SAMA R6481819. kindly provided access to specimens in their care: Barry Clarke (Natural History Museum, London, Platymantis vitianus (Dumeril, 1853) England), Linda Ford and Darrel Frost (American Material examined: 8 specimens, Fiji, Viti Levu Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A.), Jose Islands, Viwa Island, Viwa Village, SW side of island: Rosado (MCZ, Harvard, U.S.A.), Marinus Hoogmoed CAS 172510-12; Ovalau Island, 0.5 mi N of Navuloa and Pirn Arntzen (RMNH, Naturalis, Leiden, The Village: CAS 172525-29. Netherlands), and Giuliano Doria (MSNG, Genoa, Italy). During the course of this research SJR was Platymantis vitiensis (Girard, 1853) supported in part by the Winifred Violet Scott Material examined: 13specimens, Fiji, Viti Levu Estate and manuscript preparation was supported Islands, Viti Levu Island, Savura Creek Rd., ca 1 by a grant from Conservation International. Lisa km W of Savura Creek: CAS 172437, 172439-40, Capon (Speewah, Australia) produced Figs 2-3 and 172447, 172449-50, 172452-55, 172457; Ovalau John Bird (Adelaide, Australia) assisted with the call Island, 10 km S, of Levuka, St. John’s: CAS 172531- analysis. Chris Austin (Louisina State University, 32. USA) and Andrew Mack provided several specimens of Manus Platymantis and Carolyne Kovach and Platymantis weberi Schmidt, 1932 Mark Hutchinson provided numerous courtesies at Material examined: 29 specimens, Papua New the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. Guinea, Bougainville Island, Bougainville Province, Rainer Gunther (Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin, Mutahi: CAS 106567-72, 108313-19, 110918-19; Germany) and an anonymous reviewer provided MCZ-A 64586-87, 64589-90; Kunua: KU 98478; extremely useful comments on the manuscript. Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal Island, Tadai District, Mt. Austen, Barana Village: KU 30744, 307350, 307430, 307358, 307367, 307373-74, References 307378, 307410; Barora Faa Island (near Isabel Island): SAMA R56853-54, 56856; Isabel Island, Allison A. 1996. Zoogeography of amphibians and Kolopakisa Village: SAMA R56916 reptiles of New Guinea and the Pacific region: 407-436 In: Keast A., Miller S.E. (eds) The origin and evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guinea Acknowledgements to Eastern Polynesia: patterns and processes. Amsterdam, SPB Academic Publishing: 531 pp. We are extremely grateful to Tjamei Lawrence Allison A., Kraus F. 2001. A new species of Platymantis and Obert Otto (Manus Provincial Administration, (Anura: Ranidae) from the island of New Ireland. - Papua New Guinea), who invited SJR to Manus Copeia 2001: 194-202. Island, and to the landowners of Tulu 1 Village Brown R.M., Foufopoulos J., Richards SJ. 2006a. New and Chachuau Camp for their hospitality and species of Platymantis (Amphibia; Anura: Ranidae) field assistance. Rose Singadan and Paulus Kei from New Britain and redescription of the poorly (University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, known Platymantis nexipus. - Copeia 2006: 674- Papua NewGuinea)providedsupportinPortMoresby 695. and Barbara Roy (Department of Environment and Brown R.M., Richards S.J., Broadhead T.S. 2013. Conservation, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea) A new shrub frog in the genus Platymantis approved the export permit. Jim Robins (National (Ceratobatrachidae) from the Nakanai Mountains of Research Institute, Port Moresby, Papua New eastern New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Guinea), has been most helpful with Research - Zootaxa 3710: 31-45. Visas. Field work on Manus Island was supported Brown R.M., Richards S.J., Sukumaran J., Foufopoulos by the Wildlife Conservation Society, and funding J. 2006b. A new morphologically cryptic species of for laboratory equipment was provided in part by forest frog (genus Platymantis) from New Britain the Mark Mitchell Research Foundation and the Island, Bismarck Archipelago. - Zootaxa 1334: 45- South Australian Museum Board. Andy Mack, then 68. of Wildlife Conservation Society, Goroka, Papua Brown W.C. 1952. The amphibians of the Solomon D. (ed.) 2014: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, volume II Telnov Islands. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Richards S.J., Mack A.L., Austin C.C. 2007. Two new Zoology 107:1-64. species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) Brown W.C. 1997. Biogeography of amphibians in the from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. islands of the southwest pacific. - Proceedings of - Zootaxa 1639: 41-55. the California Academy of Sciences 50: 21-38. Sabaj Perez M.FI. (ed.) 2013. Standard symbolic codes Foufopoulos J., Brown R.M. 2004. A new frog of the for institutional resource collections in genus Platymantis (Amphibia; Anura; Ranidae) herpetology and ichthyology: an Online Reference. from New Britain, with a redescription of the poorly- Verson 4.0 (28 June 2013). Electronically accessible known Platymantis macrosceles. - Copeia 2004: at http://www.asih.org/, American Society of 825-841. Ichthyologists and Flerpetologists, Washington, DC Foufopoulos J., Richards S.J. 2007. The amphibians [last accessed: 06.01.2014] and reptiles of New Britain Island: diversity and Zweifel R.G. 1975. Two new frogs of the genus conservation status. - Hamadryad 31: 176-201. Platymantis from New Britain. - American Museum Kraus F., Allison A. 2007. Two new species of Platymantis Novitates 2582:1-7. (Anura: Ranidae) from New Britain. - Zootaxa Zug G.R. 2013. Reptiles and amphibians of the 1485: 13-32. Pacific islands: A comprehensive guide. Berkeley, Kraus F., Allison A. 2009. New species of frogs from University of California Press: 306 pp. Papua New Guinea. - Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 104: 1-36. Table 1. Call characteristics of Platymantis custos sp. nov. Specimen Number Notes / Call length Note rep. Note length Inter-note Dominant number of calls call (sec.) rate (notes / length Frequency sec.) (Hz) SAMA R63512 8 10-33 0.9-3.1 9.79-10.51 0.02-0.03 0.06-0.14 3603-3823 SAMA R63513 3 15-30 1.4-3.3 8.93-9.88 0.01-0.03 0.07-0.13 3755-4128 SAMA R 63525 8 6-30 0.4-2.9 9.19-16.13 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.14 3711-4317 Mean 21.63 2.105 10.346 0.022 0.078 3835 SD 11.015 1.171 0.830 0.004 0.016 23.30 132