Moll. Res. 18: 69-72 (1997). A luminescent eulimid (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from New Zealand Bruce A. Marshall Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand A new species of Melanella is described from New Zealand. The last turn of the body emits a lime yellow glow, the first record of luminescence in Eulimidae and the first record of yellow luminescence in a gastropod (otherwise blue). It is parasitic on the holothurian Ocnus brevidentis (Hutton, 1872). Melanella archeyi (Finlay, 1928) and M. aucklandica (Suter, 1909) are recognised as distinct species, and outer lip profiles of the holotypes are illustrated. Ke words: Bioluminescence, Eulimidae, Melanella, New species, Parasite, Holothurian, Ocnus, ew Zealand. Introduction hDrCeIalleEain dn,a g thrW ee ecleallanns tit n agtvbtuiusroninndt ) a ontfto ,c tPohlresle mesasceoltrflevt,da tpiraoserndtp s e chIgniolllmeooett,wn hesudF ri ioaolrnfud lmaia(nn Fdei,esg uc.l eNinme1t)iw .d lTiZhmteeeha altay lneivdlhi,lan odgw C .betDeuh.elr inom Puiagduphslr ienvt phireo( ouMvtsuerldasyn e sulesumaecs eeynn o tf t otN shheeserewleel eee Dd. Paultio n,t he pelrasst. (wchoimtme. )i.n alTchoeh oll) umtiurnne socfe ntchee bo(dayp,p arwehnetrley noi ntsrpaecceilfliucl asri)t e wwaass acpopnatrienntu.o usT hisa nids e first record of luminescence in a eulimid, and the first record of lime yellow luminescence in a Beth dGew r Zea(aoltah nedr wiD(sePena dwybs,lo une, 1 9(cid:8212)0 199N)7i 0c)fo,ol r,m a n1do9 f6 4aO)bc.u nnudTsah netb rheiovnli odPetrnhetusiresir avn(a Htuiwtoatnso n,Ii ndlee1tn8,t7 i2fF)ii,eo dr wdhl(iabcnydh , D iLst .hwe i Pdteaylwpyes odlnio)scta rliiatbsyu ttehodef (cid:8364) new eulimid. Systematics Family Eulimidae H. and A. Adams, 1853 Genus Melanella Bowdich, 1822 M elanella Bowdich, 1822: 27. Type species (monotypy): Melanella dufresnii Bowdich, 1822. Melanella luminosa n. sp. (Figs 1-5) Description. Shell up to 5-75 mm high, tall, slender, narrowly and evenly conical, straight, height/ Ser ratio 0.36-0.41 (mean 0.38), stout, perfectly smooth, translucent, colourless. Protoconch of Rn L.5 convex whorls, 530 um wide, exposed part 630 um high, contour perfectly continuous with hee en demarcated from teleoconch by growth scar. Teleoconch of up to 8.8 weakly convex orls, 4 or 5 incremental scars at varying positions. Aperture small, ovate. Outer lip profile eel prosocyrt-opisthocline. Columella almost straight. Last whorl of soft parts (white in thanol) of living animal glowing luminescent lime yellow through translucent shell. 70 _B.A. Marshall Figures 1-4. Melanella luminosa. 1. Holotype, apertural view, 5.75 x 2.25 mm. 2. Protoconch (height 630 um) of paratype, NMNZ M.131687. 3. Holotype, lateral view showing outer lip profile. 4. Two adults parasitising Ocnus brevidentis (Hutton, 1872) at type locality (from colour slide courtesy P. Ryan). Luminescenteulimid é 7 5 6 Figures 5-7. C7h.ea imMgeehrltaa n 1e.ll8ul0c ai mdmaa .rc ohu6et.yl iiMn ee(lsFa innoelfla lyo,au te1ar9u 2c8kl)il,pa nphdroiolcfoiatl yeps(e S,uo tfeC rh,M aetl1ha9n0a9em)l ,l aIs hloalsnopdtescy,ip eesl,.i p Ah5u.e cigkMhletal ann1d.e 1l5Il salm amn.dls u,m ilniops hae,i ghhotl ot1.y8p5e , mml.i p TNSLGytoMponnNecg kZ h d Soaotl1au(m.91n 02d,9,H( ) o2 )lM:Pfo. rot1er4y3sm6p1e° e6r0 8vo3a7f.Mt )2uit,'ohsE en,e uAhumIo1snl lt6oer6ttoa°,hfl4 u i4rSaN.inoIea u'nwEt ,hM luOZacsen(cid:8220)naedSulu,tas mrn a,dNw ,bebr eweSrvW yrieddylZen leneiatyFnlii gasent ldo(d1,(ns) H (cid:8221),u, ta (ltSNiowovnMpee,,pdN oiZssp1 ih8at7r Me2a )s.M,i1Au t3ids1s1aei75mnu3-g 1m8 8) Ht hemoeaa,f dn ,drN e1ad8t1 Nu5aA(r rucapgralauro rnswaltH tei yyspBet1eeno9snsr9 diy6,,s,(cid:8212) D, Paulin. OIPCSU1stoohn6lhiua6naennl°nart4dkd ,ms3,y ,e.m D 8aduFI0td isse'elorkEaIarid,ysnda, dlll ,aa n(cid:8220)S2nd3o3edC 8u8,xh n aaadnmlfm,ddik,a e yntah eFdB1oi,dr Iom eFnr aled5ek(bl3t2sbr,a 5ae un yaamdF(cid:8221),,rs,i, y po erDd1dIceu61lsia s9atmd5knhFe,4dyme n,, ubs 2sr 2mS ud.-oaNevu2rSaM.ny7do Nd, uZ ,nAm l)d13,e,9:7 dr8 et78a m,P d,4 (r,J 41e a°s,s6n c0e3/uMu4r75ab'.v /arS1a1,y,m0t9 ,5i5 o60G11n,7.797 )/5S55;2.°mI/, H.2n1 lva39(cid:8220)e.r.m5tT .5d,0hv 'y,eA.W l F ,eim Gr(oA.t1urlvE 2tde.,(cid:8221) lr ( ,ta1o n,MfA d. Bl(,M1F3ea .,or3u 1tr1zd M3t7aey.9 4a( 174d048I,,F)s 6) o;l9;Mua r3 .1ns)1d0o,,4;3-f 6 81f° 85CD0b 5ohP2eu)aa.tmb;st9,wts 5h efa'aeugoS2mnlfe,5 f March 1993, scuba, A.L. Stewart, C.D. Paulin & C.D. Roberts (4, M.131737). DAliisvter iabtu ti1o5n-.1 8 Somu;t heexrtne rnafli orpdas rasoift eS oouft htlhae ndh oloatnhdu riCahna thOacmn usI slbarnedvsi,d enNteisw (HZuetatloann,d , 181702)-.2 38 m, taken R(MASEtneeiirdgman.o an lnr iag6knyl)0 s,y .b .3ie 51npi)9 rMn.2oesg 8sil )Izoa.tesc n lyreirIrelgttehsl lteraalme tiybsin vl elememup sobrmo rlitfeenoi sMol .setb, ah rM eao .brac ucndlthluao eysumyae cbillkesc ylroo a (n nrhiideoconisalf loec a tmatwyb th(plaohee(ire snhlii osgAnl,hgubo t oct/tkyawshpnlli deaid. gn tMhdh.Ctd laiyfnra Iftaunetessrcirtsmkoi ba ltluaum0lrtna.eyed3ir i6n c-alMsa0nyui .d zs4 e(1ei MS,nuu(u mthste,emhrei ea,guta h Cmnt1ht 9rhe0i50A .9s.K7)3to587 cu,;ht0a eun2rcrcd8f fc ..8h lM i60.p..M (cid:8212) 13 S5ia45s Fr -4ic0mmg8h..mo9e3 r)y 7e7i,,(cid:8212)) 72 B.A. Marshall Auckland, Antipodes and Chatham islands, 0-140 m; M. archeyi from Stewart Island, outer coast of southern Fiordland, and the Chatham Islands, 0-15 m; M. luminosa from southern Fiordland and the Chatham Islands, 10-238 m. The host of M. aucklandica and M. archeyi is unknown, but as with other Melanella species it is sure to be holothurian (Warén, 1984), perhaps Ocnus brevidentis, which has a similar distribution in southern New Zealand (Pawson, 1970). M. luminosa, M. aucklandica and M. archeyi are similar to the type species of Melanella (Heppell, 1995) and to other species referred there by Warén (1984). Bioluminescence is rare in marine gastropods, and has been recorded only from some species of Planaxidae (Haneda, 1958; Houbrick, 1987; Ponder, 1988), a Tonna species (Tonnidae) (Haneda, 1958), and a few nudibranchs (Harvey, 1952; Nicol, 1964). Precisely which part of the anterior anatomy luminesces, the mode of light generation, the reason for luminescence, and the significance of lime yellow over blue light emission in Melanella luminosa, remains to be determined. Etymology. Full of light (Latin). Acknowledgements lam grateful to Chris Paulin (Museum of New Zealand, Wellington) for the specimens, Paddy Ryan (Greymouth) for use of the slide for Figure 4, Bruce Hayward (Auckland Institute and Museum) and Denise Nicholls (Canterbury Museum, Christchurch) for the loan of type material, David Pawson (National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.) for identification of the holothurian, Anders Warén (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm) for comments on the manuscript, and Anton Van Helden for inking the camera lucida outlines. Literature cited Bowdich, T.E. 1822. Elements of Conchology. 1. Treuttel and Würtz, Paris. 79p. Haneda, Y. 1958. Studies on luminescence in marine snails. Pacific Science 12: 152-156. Harvey, E(cid:8218)N. 1952. Bioluminescence. Academic Press, New York. 649p. Heppell, D. 1995. The identity of Melanella dufresnii Bowdich, 1822, and other species of Eulimidae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) described earlier. Journal of Conchology 35: 193-222. Houbrick, R.S. 1987. Anatomy, reproductive biology, and phylogeny of the Planaxidae (Cerithiacea: Prosobranchia). Smithsonian Contributions in Zoology 445: 1-57. Nicol, J.A.C. 1964. Special effectors: luminous organs, chromatophores, pigments, and poison glands. Chapter 11, pp- 353-381 in K.M. Wilbur and C.M. Young (eds), Physiology of Mollusca, 1. Academic Press, New York. Pawson, D.L. 1970. The marine fauna of New Zealand: sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoire 52. 69p. Ponder, W.F. 1988. Bioluminescence in Hinea brasiliana (Lamarck) (Gastropoda: Planaxidae). The Journal of Molluscan Studies 54: 36. Powell, A.W.B. 1979. New Zealand Mollusca. Marine, land and freshwater shells. Collins, Auckland. 500p. Warén, A. 1984. A generic revision of the Eulimidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). The Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 13: 96p.