-'^S^. nfiRIN COUNTY FREE LIBRARY 311110Q2888327 RMS AND ARMOR FROM THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV TO WORLD WAR I \ History ol War and Weapons, 1660 to 1918 •-'^O-' Armsand Armorfrom theageofLouis XIVto WorldWar I The evolution ofarms and armor, from the founding ofthe first modern armies by soldier kings ofthe seventeenth century to the formation ofgreat armies ofcitizen soldiers in the twentieth, is skillfully portrayed in this work, a sequel to A History C: ofWar and Weapons, 449 to 1660. Featuring 170exceptionally handsome and authentically detailed line drawings, this book focuses on the ordinary soldier in the ranks and the weapons he has used through the centuries. The author shows ''i^ how new inventions in weaponry have influenced the tactics oftheir day and helped to determine the course ofworld history. Alongside descriptions ofweapons ofall kinds, from bayonet, saber, and musket to machine gun, tank, and Zeppelin, are accounts ofgreat commanders, how they trained their Loops, and the key i battles they fought. :i The history begins at a time when the golden age ofcavalry and pikemen was giving way to artillery and musketeers. The contributions ofSweden's King Gustavus Adolphus, who established the first truly modern army; ofOliver Cromwell, who reorganized England's military forces; and ofSebastian de Vauban, who designed or rebuilt more than one hundred fifty fortresses for Louis XIV (one ofwhich held out for fourteen days against the Germans in 1914), are described and assessed. Here, too, are Maurice de Saxe, Marshal ofFrance, the first general to train his troops to march in step; Louis XIV's Inspector General ofthe Infantry, Jean Martinet, whose name became a byword for the enforcement ofstrict discipline; Frederick the Great; the Duke ofMarlborough; and Napoleon. There (continuedon backflap) A HISTORY OF WAR AND WEAPONS 1660 to 1918 A HISTORY OF WAR AND WEAPONS 1660 to 1918 Arms and Armour from the Age of Louis XIV to World War I G. A. Shepperd Thomas Y. Crowell Company New York Estabhshed 1834 First published in the United States of America in 1972. Originally published in Great Britain under the title Arms and Armour 1660-1918. © Copyright 1971 by G. A. Shepperd All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization ofthis work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system is forbidden without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in Great Britain L.C. Card 78-158711 ISBN 0-690-39367-9 Contents 1 The Soldier King 7 2 Rise of National Armies 17 3 Great Captains 43 4 Lessons from the New World 66 5 Nations in Arms 90 6 From Waterloo to the Crimea 110 7 The First Modern Wars 129 8 A Time for Change 148 9 Total War and Stalemate 172 10 The Return ofArmour 202 Glossary 219 Index 222 To my Grandsons Alastair and James