HISTORY ARTHUR A OF COTTERELL SOUTHEAST HISTORY A OF ASIA SOUTHEAST SA O About the Author A History of Southeast Asia is a sweeping and wide-ranging H ASIA Arthur Cotterell was formerly principal of Kingston U narration of the history of Southeast Asia told through historical College, London. He has lived and travelled widely I anecdotes and events. T in Asia and Southeast Asia, and has devoted S much of his life to writing on the region. In 1980, Superbly supported by over 200 illustrations, photographs and HT he published The First Emperor of China, whose maps, this authoritative yet engagingly written volume tells the O account of Qin Shi Huangdi’s remarkable reign was history of the region from earliest recorded times until today, E translated into seven languages. Among his recent covering present-day Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, AR books are Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, Indonesia Swift Fall 1415–1999, and Asia: A Concise History, SY and East Timor. published in 2011, the first ever coverage of the T entire continent. O “Arthur Cotterell writes in a most entertaining way A by putting a human face on the history of Asia. Far too often, “Arthur Cotterell writes in a most entertaining F history books are dry and boring and it is refreshing S way by putting a human face on the history of Asia.” to come across one which is so full of life. - to be changed” – Peter Church, OAM, author of A Short History I of South East Asia, on Arthur Cotterell – Professor Bruce Lockhart xxxxxxxxxx A M a rs h a ll C A R T H U R a ,!IS7BINJ 987HB8IS 49TO8-R1dY 4g3b61a 0c2g 6! Editionsvendish C O T T E R E L L HISTORY A OF SOUTHEAST ASIA HISTORY A OF SOUTHEAST ASIA A R T H U R C O T T E R E L L © 2014 Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited Text © Arthur Cotterell Project editor: Lee Mei Lin Design by Lynn Chin Nyuk Lin Published by Marshall Cavendish Editions An imprint of Marshall Cavendish International 1 New Industrial Road, Singapore 536196 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Requests for permission should be addressed to the Publisher, Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited, 1 New Industrial Road, Singapore 536196. Tel: (65) 6213 9300, fax: (65) 6285 4871. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.marshallcavendish.com/genref Th e publisher makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents of this book, and specifi cally disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fi tness for any particular purpose, and shall in no event be liable for any loss of profi t or any other commercial damage, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Other Marshall Cavendish Offi ces Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 99 White Plains Road, Tarrytown NY 10591-9001, USA • Marshall Cavendish International (Th ailand) Co Ltd. 253 Asoke, 12th Flr, Sukhumvit 21 Road, Klongtoey Nua, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Th ailand • Marshall Cavendish (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Times Subang, Lot 46, Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Batu Tiga, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Marshall Cavendish is a trademark of Times Publishing Limited National Library Board Singapore Cataloguing in Publication Data Cotterell, Arthur. A history of Southeast Asia / Arthur Cotterell. – Singapore : Marshall Cavendish Editions, 2014. pages cm ISBN : 978-981-4361-02-6 (paperback) Southeast Asia--Civilization. 2. Southeast Asia--Antiquities. 3. Southeast Asia--History. I. Title. DS525 959 -- dc23 OCN864455899 Printed in Singapore by Fabulous On the cover: a seventeenth-century Dutch map by William Janzsoon Blaeu. For Yong Yap contents preface xi introduction xvii list of maps xxv photo credits xxvi part one: Early Southeast Asia chapter 1 early burma 3 Th e Earliest States 7 Th e Rise of Pagan 15 City of Virtue and Merit 21 Pagan’s Fall 29 chapter 2 early cambodia 37 Funan 38 Zhenla 42 Th e Founding of Angkor 45 Th e Great Kings 51 From Angkor to Lovek 65 chapter 3 early vietnam 67 Southern Yue 69 Ma Yuan’s Legacy 72 Th e Protectorate of Annam 78 Vietnamese Independence 81 Champa 88 chapter 4 early indonesia 97 Chinese Tributary Relations 100 Srivijaya 103 Java and Bali 114 Mongol Intervention 122 Th e Empire of Majapahit 124 part two: Medieval Southeast Asia chapter 5 medieval burma 131 Th e First Toungoo Dynasty 134 Th e Restored Toungoo Dynasty 142 Th e Konbaung Dynasty 149 chapter 6 medieval thailand and cambodia 155 Ayudhya 157 Siam 170 Lovek 176 chapter 7 medieval vietnam 179 Th e Le Dynasty 180 A Divided Country 186 Th e Nguyen Dynasty 198 chapter 8 medieval island powers 205 Malacca and Aceh 206 Mataram 213 Brunei 224 Th e Philippines 227 part three: Modern Southeast Asia chapter 9 the colonial era 239 Th e British Possessions 241 Th e Dutch East Indies 256 French Indochina 259 Th e American Colony of the Philippines 265 chapter 10 the greater east asia co-prosperity sphere 269 A Sudden Rampage 270 Th e Failure of Japan’s New Order 280 Post-War Decolonization 286