The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words, by Walter William Skeat This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words especially from the dramatists Author: Walter William Skeat Editor: Anthony Lawson Mayhew Release Date: August 1, 2020 [EBook #62809] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) A G L O S S A RY OF TUDOR AND STUART WORDS ESPECIALLY FROM THE DRAMATISTS COLLECTED BY WALTER W. SKEAT Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Cambridge, 1878-1912 EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY A. L. MAYHEW M.A., Wadham College, Oxford O X F O R D AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1914 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [Transcriber’s Notes] EDITOR’S PREFACE In the summer of 1910 I was staying at Llandrindod, and had the pleasure of meeting there my old friend Professor Skeat. Of course we had many a long talk about our favourite studies, and about his literary plans. He was always planning some literary task, for before he had finished one work, he had either begun another, or had another in prospect. I said to him one day, ‘You’re always working, do you ever find time for recreation?’ ‘Well,’ he said, ‘when I want to amuse myself, I take up some old play.’ This story explains the genesis of this book. Like John Gilpin’s wife, it seems that though on pleasure he was bent, he had a frugal mind. He did not forget business. When reading Ben Jonson or Beaumont and Fletcher he had pencil in hand, and whenever he came to a word that might prove a stumbling-block to the general reader, he noted that word, and eventually wrote it on a separate slip (note-paper size) with exact reference and explanation. In July, 1911, in Oxford, when we were together for the last time, the professor told me about the book he was preparing—mainly consisting of the words he had collected in reading the Tudor and Stuart dramatists. He did not intend it to be a big book. When I asked whether it would contain quotations like Nares’ Glossary, he said it would contain only a few quotations, and those short ones, and would consist mostly of explanations and references, with brief etymologies. I heard no more of the book during his lifetime. But frequent letters passed between us on the etymologies of English words, many of which he was meeting with in the material he was collecting. On October 6, 1912, that eager, enthusiastic spirit passed away, to the regret of all who work in the field of English philology, of all who love the English tongue, wherever on this habitable globe they may chance to live. Not long after, in November, I heard from Mrs. Skeat that her husband had left material for a Glossary of Rare Words, in slips amounting to nearly 7,000, arranged in alphabetical order, and that Professor Skeat’s executors would be very glad if I would be able to edit and prepare the work for publication. I agreed to do this, on condition that the executors should ask the advice of a pupil of Dr. Skeat, an eminent English scholar, and also, of course, that the Delegates of the Clarendon Press would consent to the arrangement. On December 4 I received a letter from the Clarendon Press, informing me that the Delegates accepted my offer. A day or two after the box containing the MS. arrived, and on December 9 I addressed myself to the task. With the exception of a short intermission in July, the work has had my continuous and undivided attention for one year. On examination of the MS. it appeared that, although Professor Skeat had arranged the material in the form of a Glossary, he had not put the finishing touches to the book (many slips were practically duplicates or triplicates), and had not even finally limited the scope: the title of the book was not settled. And now it will be proper to state as clearly as possible what the Editor thought it his duty to do in preparing his friend’s work for publication. In the first place he did not think that it fell within his province to make any considerable addition to the Word-list. The Vocabulary remains much as Professor Skeat left it. But it was found necessary, in going over the work, to make additions in many articles, in order to explain the history of the word, or to illustrate its meaning; connecting links had to be supplied, where the meanings of a word apparently had no connexion with one another. In this part of the work the Editor found great help in the New English Dictionary; and it will be seen that there is hardly a page of this book on which there does not occur the significant abbreviation (NED.). With the same help the definitions have been revised, and in many cases made more definite and explicit in order to explain the passage referred to. Professor Skeat’s plan was to give, as a rule, only references; it has been thought advisable to add many quotations, especially in cases where a quotation appeared necessary to illustrate a rare meaning of a word. In order to secure uniformity in arrangement many of the articles had to be re-written. For the illustrative matter, outside the literary English of the Tudor and Stuart period; the comparison of Tudor and Stuart words with provincial words found in the English Dialect Dictionary (EDD.); the exact references to earlier English—Middle English (ME.) and Old English (OE.); as well as the citation of cognate foreign forms, the Editor is responsible. In giving this additional matter he believes that he would have had the cordial approval of Professor Skeat, and hopes that he has added to the usefulness of the book. If I may be allowed I would end on a personal note. I have thought it a great privilege to have been invited to complete the work of one held in such honour and esteem as Professor Skeat. And it has been a great pleasure to do something which might show, however inadequately, my gratitude for a friendship of nearly forty years. I wish the work that has been done on his book had been better done; I wish that it could have been undertaken by some one better equipped for the task, by one who had a more intimate acquaintance with the literature of the period dealt with. I hope that the imperfections of the book as it leaves my hands will be treated leniently. No one can be more conscious of them than he who is now bidding farewell to the task. I have been fortunate in obtaining the help of two scholars who are masters of their subjects. My friend of many years, Dr. Henry Bradley, one of the Editors of The New English Dictionary, has taken an interest in the work from the first, which has been most encouraging. His views of what had to be done with the material I found, after I had made some progress in my task, coincided with those I had independently formed. He has most kindly read the proof-sheets throughout, and has made many valuable suggestions which I have gladly adopted. Mr. Percy Simpson, who has made a special study of the dramatists of the period treated, and particularly of Ben Jonson, has also kindly read the proof-sheets, and from his familiarity with the textual criticism of these authors has been able to correct some errors in the texts cited. I cannot conclude without expressing my thanks to the ‘reader’ for the accuracy with which the proof-sheets represented the MS., as well as for his judicious and conscientious use of the blue pencil. A. L. MAYHEW. Oxford, Dec. 9, 1913. BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK Aasen, Ivar; Norsk Ordbog, 1873. Alphita, a Medico-Botanical Glossary, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1887). Aneren Riwle, c. 1230; ed. J. Morton (Camden Soc., 1873). Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat. The Gospels in West-Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian Versions, 1871-87. Ascham, Roger; Toxophilus, 1545, ed. Arber, 1868. Awdeley, John; Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1565, ed. E. Viles and F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra series, 1869). Aydelotte, F.; Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds (Oxford Historical and Literary Studies, vol. 1, 1913). Babee’s Book, 15th cent.; ed. F. J. Furnivall (EETS., 1868). Bacon, Francis; Essays, 1597, ed. W. Aldis Wright, 1871. Life of Henry VII, 1621, ed. J. R. Lumby, 1876. Baldwyne, William; chief editor of the Mirrour for Magistrates, first issued in 1559. Ballads. English and Scottish Popular Ballads, ed. from the Collection of F. J. Child by H. C. Sargent and G. L. Kittredge, 1904. Barbour’s Bruce, 1375; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1870-7). Barclay, Alexander; Ship of Fools, 1508, a translation of Sebastian Brandt’s Narrenschiff, c. 1494 (Navis Stultifera, 1488); ed. Jamieson, 1874. Bardsley, Charles W.; English Surnames, 1875. Baret, John; Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580. Barnes, R.; Works, see Tyndale. Barnfield, Richard; The Affectionate Shepherd, 1594; ed. J. O. Halliwell (Percy Soc., 1845). Bartsch, K., et A. Horning; La Langue et la Littérature françaises depuis le ixe siècle jusqu’au xive siècle. Textes et Glossaire, 1887. Beaumont and Fletcher; Works, ed. G. Darley, 1859; also, ed. W. Gifford with a Biographical Memoir (reprint, Routledge, 1860). [Francis Beaumont born 1586, died 1615.] Berghaus, H.; Der Sprachschatz der Sassen, 1880-3. Berners, Lord (John Bourchier); tr. of the Chronicles of Froissart (Pynson, 1523). [Born 1467, died 1533.] Bibbesworth, Walter de; The Treatise, c. ann. 1325; printed in Wright’s Vocabularies (ed. 2, 1882). This is probably the correct spelling, not ‘Biblesworth’. See Wright, Thomas. Bible, English. Authorised Version, 1611 (exact reprint. Clarendon Press, 1911). Bible Word-Book; see Wright, W. A. Blount, Thomas; Glossographia, a Dictionary of hard words, 1656; ed. 3, 1670. Boke of St. Albans, printed in 1486; facsimile reprint, 1881. Contains a Book on Hawking, a Book on Hunting (by Dame Juliana Barnes), and a Book on Coat-Armour. Bosworth and Toller (B. T.). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary begun by J. Bosworth, and completed by T. N. Toller, 1882- 98. Boyle, Roger (Earl of Orrery); Parthenissa, 1676; Guzman, c. 1679; Mr. Anthony, 1689. Bozon, Nicole; Les Contes Moralisés, c. 1350; ed. L. Toulmin Smith and Paul Moyer, 1889. Brand, John; Observations on Popular Antiquities, 1813; Arranged and revised by H. Ellis; reprint, 1887 (Chatto and Windus). Brathwaite (or Braithwait), Richard; Barnabae Itinerarium (Drunken Barnaby’s Four Journeys), Latin and English, ed. 1, 1648; reprint, 1822. Brewer, Antony; Dramatist, fl. 1655. [To him was formerly ascribed ‘Lingua, or the Combat of the Five Senses for Superiority, 1607’; see DNB.] Brome, Alexander; Poet, Satirist, and Dramatist; Wks. ed. 1873. [Born 1620, died 1666.] Browne, Sir Thomas; Works, ed. S. Wilkin. 1852 (Bohn’s Standard Library). —— Religio Medici and Christian Morals, ed. by W. A. Greenhill; 1881. [Born 1640, died 1680.] Browne, William; Britannia Pastorals, see English Poets. [Born 1590, died c. 1645.] Brunne, Robert of; Handlyng Synne, c. 1303; ed. F. J. Furnivall (Roxburghe Club, 1862). Bullokar, John; An English Expositor, by J. B., 1616; sixth ed., 1680. Bunyan, John; Pilgrim’s Progress, First Part, 1678. Burton, Robert; Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621. Butler, Samuel; Poems, ed. R. Bell, 1855; Hudibras, ed. H. G. Bohn, 1871. [Born 1612, died 1680.] Calisch, J. M.; Nederlandsch-Engelsch en Engelsch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek, 1875. Campion, Thomas; poems printed first in 1595; ed. Bullen, 1889. Cartwright, William; Preacher, Poet, Dramatist. [Born 1611, died 1643.] Catholicon Anglicum, 1483; ed. Herrtage, EETS., 1881. Caxton, William; The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, c. 1474; reprint by H. O. Sommer, 1894. —— Game of the Chesse, printed in 1474; facsimile of the 2nd ed., V. Figgins, 1860. —— see Reynard. Chanson de Roland; Bodleian MS., c. 1180; ed. L. Gautier, 1881. Chapman, George; Dramatic Works, ed. 1873. The Iliad of Homer, 1611; Odyssey, 1614; Chapman’s Homer, ed. R. Hooper, 1857; R. H. Shepherd, 1875. Chaucer, Geoffrey; Complete Works; ed. W. W. Skeat, 1894. [Born 1328, died 1400.] Child, F. J.; see Ballads. Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon; ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, 1892-9. Cocke Lorell’s Bote, a humorous and sarcastic poem, printed by Wynkyn de Worde, c. 1515; ed. 1843. Coles, Elisha; English Dictionary, 1677. —— Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English, fourth ed. enlarged, 1699. Congreve, William; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1670, died 1729.] Cook, A. S.; Biblical Quotations in Old English Prose Writers, 1898. Cooper, T.; Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, 1565. Cotgrave, Randle; A French and English Dictionary. First edition 1611. The edition of 1673 is the one usually cited. Court of Love, a late poem first printed with Chaucer’s Works, 1561; reprinted in Chaucerian and Other Poems, ed. by W. W. Skeat, 1897. Coverdale, Miles; Translator of the Bible; first printed in 1535. Cowell, John; The Interpreter of Words and Terms, 1607; ed. 1637; also ed. augmented and improved, 1701. Cursor Mundi, c. 1300; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1874-92). Dähnert, J. C.; Platt-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1781. Davenant, Sir William; Dramatist and Poet-Laureate, see English Poets. [Born 1605, died 1668.] Davies, T. L. O.; A Supplementary English Glossary, 1881. Dekker, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. by E. Rhys, 1873. [Born c. 1570, died c. 1637.] Delesalle, Georges; Dictionnaire d’Argot Français, 1896. Destruction of Troy, c. 1390; ed. G. A. Panton and D. Donaldson (EETS. 1869 and 1874). Dialoge Gregoire lo Pape, 12th cent.; ed. Foerster, 1876. Dict.: Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by W. W. Skeat, ed. 4, 1910. Dict. M. & S.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle English, by A. L. Mayhew and W. W. Skeat, 1888. Dictionarium Rusticum Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726. Didot: Glossaire Français de Ducange, dans l’édition du Glossarium publiée par M. Ambroise Firmin Didot, 1887. Digby, George, Earl of Bristol; Elvira, a Comedy. [Born 1612, died 1676.] Dinneen, P. S.; An Irish-English Dictionary, 1904. Dodsley, Robert; A Select Collection of Old English Plays, originally published 1780; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1876. Dozy, R.; Glossaire des Mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l’Arabe; ed. W. H. Engelmann, Leyde, 1869. Drant, Thomas; tr. of Horace, Satires, 1566. Drayton, Michael; Poems; see English Poets. [Born 1563, died 1631.] Drummond, William, of Hawthornden; Cypresse Grove, 1623. Dryden, John; Poetical Works, ed. 1851. [Born 1631, died 1701.] Ducange: Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis, conditum a Carolo du Fresne, Domino Du Cange; ed. Henschel, 1883-7. Dunbar, W.; Poems, ed. Small and Gregor (Scottish Text Soc., 1883-93). [floruit 1500.] Earle, John; Micro-cosmographie, 1628; ed. Arber, 1868. Earle, John; A Hand-book to the Land-Charters and other Saxonic Documents, 1888. Echard, Laurence; tr. of Plautus, 1694. EDD.: English Dialect Dictionary, with English Dialect Grammar, edited by Dr. Joseph Wright, 1905. Eden, R.; The First Three English Books on America, 1511-55; ed. Arber, 1885. Edwards, Richard; Damon and Pithias, 1564; in Dodsley’s Old English Plays. Elyot, Sir Thomas; The Boke named The Governour, 1531; ed. H. H. S. Croft, 1883. —— The Castel of Helthe, 1533 (ed. 1539). English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper, ed. A. Chalmers, 1810. 21 vols. Estienne, Henri; La Précellence du Langage François, 1579; ed. Huguet, 1896. Etherege, Sir George; Dramatist. [Born 1635.] Fabyan, Robert; Chronicles of England and France; ed. Henry Ellis, 1811. [Died 1512.] Fairfax, Edward; Godfrey of Bulloigno or the Recoverie of Hierusalem, 1600, a translation of Tasso’s poem. Fanfani, Pietro; Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana, 1898. Farquhar, George; Dramatist; Works, ed. 1840. [Born 1678, died 1707.] Ferrex and Porrex; see Gorboduc. Field, Nathaniel; Dramatist [floruit 1610]. Fitzhorbert, John F.; Book of Husbandry, 1534; ed. W. W. Skeat (Eng. Dialect Soc., 1882). Fletcher, John; Dramatist. [Born 1576, died 1625.] See Beaumont. Florio, John; A Worlde of Wordes, Dictionarie in Italian and English, 1598. —— Italian and English Dictionary, and English and Italian Dictionary, by G. Torriano, ed. 1688. This is the edition usually cited. —— tr. of the Essays of Montaigne, 1603. Ford, John; Plays; ed. W. Gifford, 1827. [Born 1586, died 1639.] Foxe, John; Acts and Monuments (Book of Martyrs), 1563. Franck, J.; Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 1892. Fritzner, Johan; Ordbog over det gamle norske Sprog, 1883. Gamelyn, the Tale of; 14th cent.; ed. Skeat, 1893. Gascoigne, George; Poet and Dramatist. Works, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, 1869. [Born c. 1536, died 1577.] Genesis and Exodus, c. 1250; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1865). Geneva Bible (English), 1562. Godefroy, F.; Dictionnaire de l’Ancienne Langue Française et de tous ses Dialectes du ixe au xve siècle, 1881-1902. Godwin, Francis, Bishop of Hereford; Man in the Moone, ed. 1638. [Born 1561, died 1633.] Golding, Arthur, tr. of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 1567; ed. 1603. Googe, Barnaby; The Zodiac of Life, 1560-5; The Popish Kingdome, 1570; Four Bokes of Husbandrie, tr. from Heresbach. Gorbodue, The Tragedy of, by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton, produced 1561, printed 1565; authorized ed. 1571, under the name of Ferrex and Porrex. Gosson, Stephen; The School of Abuse, 1579; ed. Arber, 1868. Gouldman, F.; A copious dictionary (Latin-English), founded on Holyoak, 1678. Gower, John; Complete Works; ed. G. C. Macaulay, 1902. [Died 1402.] Greene, Robert; The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Rob. Greene and Geo. Peele; ed. A. Dyce, 1883. [Born 1560, died 1592.] Grieb-Schröer; Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch, 1902. Grimald, Nicholas; Poet; translator of ‘Tully’s Offices’. [Born c. 1519, died 1562.] Grimm, Jacob; Teutonic Mythology; tr. by J. S. Stallybrass, 1880-8. Grose, Francis; A Provincial Glossary with a Collection of Local Proverbs and Popular Superstitions, ed. 2, 1790. Habington, William; Castara, 1640; ed. Arber. Hall, Edward; Chronicle; printed by Grafton, 1548; ed. 1809. [Died 1547.] Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich; Satires in Six Books, 1598; ed. 1753. Halliwell, J. O.; A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words; Fifth edition, 1865. Hampole, Richard Rolle of; The Psalms of David, c. 1330; ed. H. R. Bramley, 1884. Harington, Sir John; Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, 1591; in English Poets. Harman, Thomas; A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursetors, vulgarly called Vagabones, 1566, ed. E. Viles and F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra series, 1869). Harrison, William; A Description of England, edited from the first two editions of Holinshed’s Chronicle, 1577, 1587, by F. J. Furnivall (New Shakspere Society, 1878). Hatzfeld: Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, par MM. A. Hatzfeld, A. Darmesteter, et A. Thomas, 1890-6. Hawes, Stephen; Passetyme of Pleasure, c. 1506; reprinted for the Percy Soc., 1846. Hazlitt, W. Carew; Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England, 1864-6. —— see Dodsley. Hearne, Thomas; Reliquiae Hearnianae (ed. P. Bliss, 1857). [Born 1678, died 1735.] Hellowes, Edward; Familiar Epistles of Sir Anthonie of Guevara, 1574. Herbert, George; The Temple, 1633; facsimile reprint, 1885. Herbert, Sir Thomas; Travels, 1665; ed. 1677. Hero and Leander, a paraphrase of the poem ascribed to Musaeus by Marlowe, completed by Chapman, 1598; see NED. (s.v. Imperance). Herrick, Robert; Poetical Works; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1869. [Born 1591, died 1674.] Hexham, H.; A large Netherdutch and English Dictionarie, Rotterdam, 1648. Heylin, Peter; Microcosmus, 1621. Heywood, John; English Proverbs, 1546; ed. John S. Farmer, 1906. Heywood, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. 1874. [Temp. 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S.; Old English Glosses (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1900). Nares, Robert; A Glossary to the Works of English Authors, particularly Shakespeare and his contemporaries, 1822; a new ed. by J. O. Halliwell and Thomas Wright, 1859, reprinted 1876. [Born 1753, died 1829.] NED.; The New English Dictionary. Editors, Sir James Murray, Dr. Henry Bradley, and Dr. William Craigie. The Clarendon Press, Oxford. North, Sir Thomas; Translation of Plutarch’s Lives, 1595. —— Shakespeare’s Plutarch, being a Selection from North’s Plutarch, by W. W. Skeat, 1875. Norton, Thomas; Collaborator with Thomas Sackville in writing the first English tragedy of Gorboduc, 1561; and of Sternhold and Hopkins, in a version of the Psalms, 1562. Translator of Calvin’s Institutes, 1561. Notes on English Etymology, W. W. Skeat, 1901. Occleve; see Hoccleve. O’Curry, E.; Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, 3 vols., 1873. Oldest English Texts; ed. H. Sweet (EETS., 1886). Oldham, John; Poetical Works, ed. by Robert Bell, 1871. [Born 1653, died 1683.] Oxford Records: Selections from the Records of the City of Oxford, 1509-83; ed. W. H. Turner, 1880. Palsgrave, Jehan; Lesclaircissement de la Langue Françoyse, 1530; reprint, Paris, 1852. Paston Letters, 1422-1509; ed. J. Gairdner, 1872-5. Paul, H.; Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1897. Peele, George; Dramatic and Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1839. [Died 1597.] Pepys, Samuel; Diary, 1659-69; ed. Lord Braybrooke. Phaer, Thomas; The Nyne First Books of the Æneid of Virgil, 1562; the translation was finished by Twyne. [Born c. 1510, died 1560.] Phillips, Edward; The New World of Words, or Universal English Dictionary, 1706. Piers Plowman, 1362-1400; ed. W. W. Skeat, with Notes and Glossary, 1877-84. Plantin, Christophe; Thesaurus Theutonicae Linguae, 1573. Plowman’s Tale, The, c. 1400; printed in The Works of Jeffrey Chaucer, ed. Th. Speght, 1687; reprinted in Political Poems and Songs; see below. Political Poems and Songs, ed. Thomas Wright (Rolls Series, 1859-61). Pollard, A. W.; English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes, 1890. Prompt.: Promptorium Parvulorun, c. 1440; ed. A. Way (Camden Soc., 1843-65); also, A. L. Mayhew (EETS., extra series, CII, 1908). Proverbs. A Handbook of Proverbs, collected by H. G. Bohn, containing Ray’s Collection, with Large Additions, 1870. Proverbs. Early English Proverbs, collected by W. W. Skeat, 1910. Proverbs of Hendyng, 1272-1307; printed in Reliquiae Antiquae (ed. Wright and Halliwell), and in J. M. Kemble’s Appendix to ‘The Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn’ (Ælfric Society, 1848). Psalter (Anglo-Norman), 12th cent.; ed. by F. Michel from a Bodleian MS., Oxford, 1850. Psalter of the Great Bible, 1539; ed. John Earle, 1894. Psalter, Old English; see Vespasian Psalter. Puttenham, G.; The Arte of English Poesie, 1589; ed. Arber, 1869. Quarles, Francis; Argalus and Parthenia, 1621; Emblems Divine and Moral, 1635. Rabelais, Œuvres de, avec un Glossaire par M. Pierre Jannet, 1874. Randolph, Thomas; Dramatist; The Muses’ Looking-Glass, 1638. Ray, John; A Collection of English Proverbs, 1670; ed. 5, H. G. Bohn, 1870. —— A Collection of English Words, 2nd ed. 1691; rearranged and edited by W. W. Skeat (EDS., 1874). Return from Parnassus, The; Pt. i acted in Cambridge, 1601; ed. W. D. Macray, 1886; Pt. ii, acted 1602. The whole edited by Arber, 1870. Reynard the Fox, translated and printed by William Caxton, 1481; ed. Arber, 1878. Richard the Redeles, printed with the C text of Piers the Plowman; ed. W. W. Skeat, 1886. Rietz, J. E.; Svenskt Dialekt-Lexicon, 1867. Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, c. 1298; ed. T. Hearne, 1724; reprinted, 1810; ed. W. Aldis Wright (Rolls Series, 1887). Robynson, Raphe; tr. of More’s Utopia, 2nd ed. 1556; ed. J. R. Lumby, 1879; ed. Arber. See More, Sir T. Rogers, Daniel; Divine Naaman the Syrian, 1642. Roister Doister, see Udall. Rollo, Richard, of Hampole; died 1349; see Hampole. Romaunt of the Rose. A translation of the French Roman de la Rose; Part A by Chaucer; Part B in Northern (Lincoln) dialect; Part C of unknown origin; ed. Skeat (Student’s Chaucer). Rönsch, Hermann; Itala und Vulgata, 1875 (Die Römische Volkssprache). Roquette, J. I.; Dictionnaire Portugais-Français, Paris, 1855. Rough List: of English Words found in Anglo-French, in Skeat’s Notes on English Etymology, 1901. Rowley, William; Comedian and Playwright. A Search for Money; or the Lamentable Complaint for the Losse of the Wandering Knight, Monsieur l’Argent, 1609. Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst [born 1536, died 1608]; see Gorboduc, Mirrour for Magistrates. Works ed. by R. W. Sackville-West, 1859. Sainéan, L.; L’Argot ancien, 1907. Sandys, George; A Relation of a Journey, 1610; ed. 3, 1632. Schade, Oskar; Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 1872-82. Schmid, Johann Christoph von; Schwäbisches Wörterbuch, 1844. Schmidt, Alexander; Shakespeare-Lexicon, 1874-5. Sewel, W.; Dictionary, English and Dutch, Dutch and English, 1727; ed. 5, 1754; augmented and improved by Egbert Buys, 1766. Shadwell, Thomas; Dramatist, Poet Laureate. [Born 1640, died 1692.] Shakespeare. The Globe Edition; ed. by W. G. Clark and W. Aldis Wright, 1864. References generally as in Schmidt’s Lexicon. His Dramas and Poems are referred to by the name of the Play or Poem alone. Sherwood, Robert (‘Londoner’); A Dictionary. English and French, 1672 (serves as an English index to Cotgrave, ed. 1673). Shirley, James; Dramatic Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1833. [Born c. 1594, died 1666.] Sidney, Sir Philip; Arcadia, 1581, published 1590; Apology for Poetrie, 1595; ed. Arber, 1868. Sin. Barth.: Sinonyma Bartholomei, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1887). Skelton, John; Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1843. [Born c. 1460, died 1529.] Skinner, S.; Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, 1671. Spenser: The Complete Works of Edmund Spenser. The Globe edition, ed. by R. Morris. Shepherds’ Calendar [Shep. Kal.], 1579; Faery Queen [F. Q.], 1590-6. Stanford: The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases; ed. C. A. M. Fennell, 1892. Stanyhurst, Richard; tr. of Aeneid, bks. i-iv, 1582; ed. Arber, 1880. Stevens, John; Spanish and English Dictionary, 1706. Stow, John; Survey of London, 1598; ed. Thoms, 1842. Strutt, Joseph; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, 1801; ed. W. Horne, 1834. Stubbes, Philip; Anatomy of the Abuses in England, 1583; ed. F. J. Furnivall, 1877-9. Student’s Pastime, A; Selections of Articles reprinted from ‘Notes and Queries’, by W. W. Skeat, 1896. Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard) [died 1547]. Poems; in Tottel’s Miscellany. Sweet, Henry; The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, 1897. Tarlton, Richard; Satirist; Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, publ. 1590. [Died 1588.] Thersites, An Interlude, first performed in August, 1537; 1st ed. c. 1560; reprinted 1820, included in Hazlitt’s ed. of Dodsley’s Old English Plays; extracts printed in English Miracle Plays, ed. A. W. Pollard, 1890. Thomas, Antoine; Essais de Philologie Française, 1897. Tomkis (or Tomkys), Thomas; Plays in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Albumazar, 1615. Topsell, Edward; The History of four-footed Beasts and Serpents, 1608. Tottel, Richard; Printer of Tottel’s Miscellany, a collection of verses, known in society, but never before published, by the Earl of Surrey, Sir Thomas Wyatt, and others, 1557; ed. Arber, 1870. Tourneur, Cyril; Plays and Poems; ed. J. Churton Collins, 1878. [Born c. 1575, died 1626.] Towneley Mysteries, c. 1450; printed for Surtees Soc., 1836; also ed. G. England and A. W. Pollard (EETS., extra series, 1897). Trench, Richard C. (Archbishop); Select Glossary, ed. 7, 1890 (revised by A. L. Mayhew). Trevisa, John of; Translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, 1387; ed. J. R. Lumby (Rolls Series, 1865-6). Tuke, Sir Samuel; Dramatist. Adventures of Five Hours, 1663; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Turbervile, George; see English Poets. —— Booke of Venerie [Hunting], 1575. Tusser, Thomas; Five hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie; first ed. 1573; ed. Payne and Herrtage (EDS., 1878). Twyne, Thomas; Completion of Phaer’s translation of the Aeneid, 1573. Tyndale, William; The Whole Workes of W. Tyndale, John Frith, and Doctor Barnes, printed by John Daye, 1572. Tyndale’s Translation of the New Testament into English was first printed in 1525. Udall, Nicholas; Roister Doister, c. 1553; ed. Arber, 1869. Translation of the Apophthegmes of Erasmus, 1532. Vanbrugh, Sir John; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1666, died 1726.] Vespasian Psalter, the OE. (Mercian) interlinear version, printed in ‘Oldest English Texts’ (q.v.). Voc.: Wright’s Old English Vocabularies; ed. Wülcker, 1884; see also Wright, Thomas. Warner, William; Albion’s England, 1586; see English Poets. Weber’s Metrical Romances, 1810. Vol. 1 contains King Alisaunder, c. 1310. Webster, John; Works; ed. A. Dyce; new ed. 1857. [Born 1607, died 1661.] Weigand, Friedrich; Deutsches Wörterbuch; ed. 3, 1878. Westward Ho, a play by Dekker and Webster, 1607. Wever, R.; An Enterlude called Lusty Juventus, 1550. Wilkins, George; Miseries of Inforst Marriage, 1607; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 533. William of Palerne, The Romance of, c. 1350; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1867). Withals, John; A Short Dictionarie for yonge beginners, 1556. Worlidge, J.; Dictionarium Rusticum, 1681. Wright, Thomas; A Volume of Vocabularies, 1857; ed. 2, privately printed, 1882. Wright, William Aldis; The Bible Word-Book, 2nd ed., 1884. Wyatt, Sir Thomas; Poetical Works; ed. R. Bell, 1854. [Born 1503, died 1542.] Wycherley, William; Dramatic Works; ed. 1840, with those of Congreve, Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. [Born c. 1640, died 1715.] Wyclif, John; The Holy Bible, 1382-8; ed. Forshall and Madden, 1850. —— New Testament, with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat. —— Job, Psalms, &c., with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat. Wynkyn de Worde (Jan van Wynkyn), native of Worth in Alsace. Printer. Came to England with Caxton from Bruges 1476, died c. 1534. York Plays, c. 1430; ed. Miss L. Toulmin Smith, 1885. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS berry. In the Malone Society’s Reprint, 1. 1432, of Quarto 1599, the text is: ‘A berrie of faire Rooes I saw to day Down by the groves, and there I’ll take my stand, And shoot at one.’ Probably the correct reading would be ‘a bevie of faire Rooes’ (i.e. a number of fair roe-deer). But see NED. (s.v. Berry, sb.3), where the word is used as the special name for a company of rabbits. bulk, the trunk, body of a person; cp. Richard III, i. 4. 40, ‘The envious flood Stopt in my soul . . . smother’d it within my panting bulk.’ Burgullian. Perhaps a contemptuous form of Burgundian (or Burgonian), a native of Burgundy, with reference to John Larrosse, ‘a Burgonian by nation and a fencer by profession’, who challenged all comers in 1598. forslow. For Macilense read Macilente. Napier’s bones, invented by John Napier, eighth laird of Merchiston [not Lord Napier]. skibbered. The reading of the Bodleian MS. skybredd shows that the meaning of the word is sky-bred. sothery. The play referred to is The Four P’s. spargirica. B. Jonson’s spelling spagyrica may be defended from French usage; cp. Dict. de l’Acad., 1672: ‘Spagyrique ou Spagirique. Il se dit de la Chimie qui s’occupe de l’analyse des métaux, et de la recherche de la pierre philosophale. C’est la même chose que la Chimie métallurgique ou la Métallurgie’. The word spagyrique in the phrase ‘un philosophe spagyrique’ occurs frequently in Anatole France’s ‘La Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque’. strummel. Strummel-patch’d (so Gifford). The 1616 Folio reads ‘whoreson strummel, patch’t, goggle-ey’d Grumbledories’. trash. For Othello, ii. 1. 132, read ii. 1. 312; and see Schmidt’s note on the word. turm. Milton, P. R. iv. 66. warden. Dele or (from the arms of Warden Abbey). A aband, to abandon. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 65; Mirror for Magistrates, Albanact, st. 20. abatures, the traces left by a stag in the underwood through which he has passed. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 26, p. 68. F. abatture, a throwing down. See NED. abeare, reflex., to demean oneself. Only in Spenser in this sense, F. Q. v. 12. 19; vi. 9. 45. abiliments, ‘abiliments of war’, warlike accoutrements, things which made ‘able’ for war. More, Richard III (ed. 1641, 414). OF. (h)abillement, ‘tout ce qui est propre à quelque chose, machines de guerre’ (Didot). able, to warrant, vouch for. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio); King Lear, iv. 6. 173. ablesse, ability. Only in Chapman, Iliad, v. 248. abode, to forebode, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 93. An announcement, Chapman, Iliad, xiii. 146, 226. Cp. OE. ābēodan, to announce (pp. āboden). abodement, a foreboding, presage, omen. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 13. abord, used by Spenser for abroad, adrift. Ruins of Rome, xiv; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 324. aborde, to approach. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 99, back, l. 8; lf. 103. 6; ‘I aborde, as one shyppe dothe an-other’, Palsgrave. F. aborder, to come to the side of; from à, to, bord, side. abraid, abray, in Spenser, to start out of sleep, a swoon, to awake; ‘I did out of sleepe abray’, F. Q. iv. 6. 36; ‘Sir Satyrane abraid Out of the swowne’, F. Q. iv. 4. 22; to arouse, startle, ‘For feare lest her unwares she should abrayd’, F. Q. iii. 1. 61; ‘The brave maid would not for courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade’, F. Q. iii. 11. 8. ME. abreyde, to start up, start from sleep, awake (Chaucer); OE. ābregdan. abraid, to upbraid. Greene, Alphonsus, ii (Belinus), ed. Dyce, 231; ‘I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe’, Palsgrave. A n. Yorks. form (EDD.). Abram-colour’d, auburn. Said of a beard. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Curvetto); Coriolanus, ii. 3. 21. See Nares. Abram-man, Abraham-man, a sham patriarch, a begging vagabond. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 5; Massinger, New Way, ii. 1 (Marrall); ‘An Abraham-man is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and fayneth hymselfe mad, . . . and nameth himselfe poor Tom’, Awdeley, Fraternity of Vagabonds, p. 3. abron, auburn. ‘Curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished’, Hall, Satires, v. 8. A Shropsh. pronunciation (EDD.). OF. auborne, Med. L. alburnus, ‘subalbus’ (Ducange). abrook, to brook, endure. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 10. abrupt, separated, parted asunder. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (Maria); as subst., an abrupt place, a precipice over an abyss, Milton, P. L. ii. 409. absey-book, a spelling-book, primer. King John, i. 1. 196. For A-B-C book. aby, to pay the penalty for. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 175; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 33. ME. abye, to pay for (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393); OE. ābycgan. acates, provisions that are purchased. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Sad Shepherd, i. 3. 19. Norm. F. acat, purchase (Moisy). accent, misused with the sense of ‘scent’. ‘The vines with blossoms do abound, which yield a sweet accént’, Drayton, Harmonie of the Church; Sol. Song, ch. ii. l. 28. access, an attack of illness. Also spelt axes, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 315; accesses, pl., Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 822. Access is used in Kent and Sussex for an ague-fit (EDD.). F. accès, cp. ‘un accès de fièvre’. accite, to summon. 2 Hen. IV, v. 2. 141; Titus Andron. i. 1. 27; Chapman, tr. Iliad, ii. 376, has ‘summon’ (his first version had accite); pt. t. accited, id. xi. 595; accite, imp., Heywood, Dialogue iv; vol. vi. p. 163. L. accitare, to summon. accite, to excite. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Underwoods (ed. 1692, p. 563). accloye, to stop up, choke (with weeds). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 15; ‘accloyed, as a Horse, Accloy’d or Cloyed, i.e. nail’d or prickt in the shooing’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. F. encloyer, ‘to cloy, choak, or stop up’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. inclavare, to lame a horse with a nail while shoeing (Ducange); L. clavus, a nail. accomplement, accomplishment. Shaks. (?), Edw. III, iv. 6. 66. See NED. accourt, to entertain courteously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 16. accoy, to daunt, tame, soothe. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 48; F. Q. iv. 8. 59. OF. acoier, to quiet; deriv. of coi, quiet; cp. Med. L. acquietare (adquietare), ‘quietum reddere’ (Ducange). accoyl, to assemble, gather together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30. OF. acoillir, to assemble; Med. L. accolligere (Ducange). accumber, acomber, to encumber, oppress. ‘That my sowle be not acombred’, Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber, p. 34). Anglo-F. encumbrer, ‘accabler’ (Ch. Rol. 15). achates, provisions, purchased as required. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 31. See acates. acknown, pp. acknowledged. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 229; to be acknown on, to confess knowledge of, Othello, iii. 3. 320; to be acknowen of, to acknowledge, Puttenham, English Poesie, iii. 22 (p. 260). OE. oncnāwen, pp. of oncnāwan, to acknowledge. a-cop, on high; sticking up. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Drugger). OE. copp, top, summit. acopus, a restorative plant, mentioned by Pliny. Middleton, The Witch, v. 2 (Hecate). L. acopus, Gk. ἄκοπος; ἀ, not + κόπος, weariness. acquest, an acquisition, gain. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 90, 172). OF. aquest, Med. L. acquistum (Ducange), L. acquisitum, a thing acquired. acquist, Milton, Samson Ag. 1755. Directly from the Latin, or from the Ital. acquisto. acroche, to grasp, try to acquire. ‘I acroche, as a man dothe that wynneth goodes or landes off another by sleyght, Iaccroche’, Palsgrave. acton; see haqueton. actuate, to act. Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2 (Paris). Med. L. actuare, ‘perficere’ (Ducange). aculeate, pointed. Bacon, Essay 57, § 5. L. aculeus, a sting, sharp point. L. acus, a needle. adamant, a load-stone, magnet. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 195; Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 (Arundel). ME. adamaunt, the loadstone or magnet (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1182). Adamite, a member of a sect that dispensed with clothes at their meetings. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4 (Mis. Car.). Cp. The Guardian, no. 134 (Aug. 14, 1713), § last. adaunt, to quell, subdue. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8. 11; leaf 79, back, l. 5. OF. adonter, donter, L. domitare, to tame (Virgil). adauntreley, error for ad[u]aunt-relay, lit. a relay in front; a laying on of fresh hounds to take up a chase. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). From aduaunt (avaunt) and relay; see Avant-lay in NED. adaw, to daunt, suppress, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13; iv. 6. 26; v. 9. 35; Shep. Kal., Feb., 141. A word due to the ME. adv. adawe, in phr. do adawe, to put out of life (lit. day), to quell. The ME. adawe = OE. of dagum, out of days. addulce, to sweeten, render palatable. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 84). adelantado, a Spanish grandee, a lord-lieutenant. Spelt adalantado; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Puntarvolo); Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Span. adelantado, promoted, advanced, pp. of adelantar, to advance. See lantedo. adjection, addition. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 6. 5. L. adjectio. adjouste, to add, give; lit. to adjust. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 43. 2; lf. 141, back, 24. adminiculation, aid, help, support. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § last; c. 8, § 6; c. 13, § 4. Med. L. adminiculatio, ‘auxilium’, adminiculus, ‘minister’ (Ducange). admire, to wonder. Milton, P. L. ii. 677; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 167. adore. A form of adorn in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 46. adoubted, afraid. Morte Arthur, leaf 241. 2; bk. x, c. 12 (end). adowbe, to adub, to equip, array. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 32. 28; lf. 222. 15. Also adubbe, to dub a knight, id. 312. 31. Anglo-F. aduber, ‘armer’ (Ch. Rol.), also adubber. adrad, pp. dreaded. Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 4; frightened; Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 304. ME. adrad, afraid (Chaucer, C. T. A. 605); OE. ofdrǣd, frightened. adrop (ádrop), a term in alchemy; either the lead out of which the mercury was to be extracted to make ‘the philosopher’s stone’, or the stone itself. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surface). adust, parched, burnt up. Bacon, Essay 36; Milton, P. L. xii. 635. Also adusted, P. L. vi. 514. L. adustus, burnt up, pp. of adurere. advaile, ‘avail’, advantage, profit. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 9, § 6. advant-garde, vanguard. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 35; bk. i, c. 15. F. avant-garde (Cotgr.) See Dict. (s.v. Van). advaunt, reflex., to boast, brag, ‘vaunt’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4 (end); bk. i, c. 15, § 3. advision, vision. Morte Arthur, leaf 14. 15; Table of Contents, xiv. 7. ME. avisioun (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 7). advoutresse, an adulteress. Roister Doister, v. 3. 9. Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. ME. avoutresse (Wyclif, Rom. vii. 3); OF. avoutresse. adyt, addit, a recess or sanctuary of a temple. Greene, A Looking-glass, iv. 3 (1543); p. 137, col. 1. L. adytum, Gk. ἄδυτον, not to be entered, sacred; from ἀ, not, δύειν, to enter. aerie (in Shakespeare), the brood of a bird of prey, and particularly of hawks, King John, v. 2. 149; Rich. III, i. 3. 264; ‘aerie of children’ (with reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal and St. Paul’s, who took part in plays), Hamlet ii. 2. 354. The word represents an OF. airiée, pp. of aairier, adairier, Romanic type adareare, der. of Med. L. area, ‘accipitrum nidus’ (Ducange). aeromancy, divination by the air. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, i. 2 (188); scene 2. 17 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). aesture, surge, raging of the sea. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 111. Deriv. of L. aestus, the heaving motion of the sea. afeard, afraid. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 28; affered, Dryden, Cock and Fox, 136. In gen. prov. use throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.). ME. afered (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 482, OE. āfǣred, frightened, pp. of āfǣran. affamed of, famished by, starved by. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 248, back, 2. F. affamé, famished, starved (Cotgr.). affect, to love, be fond of. Two Gent. iii. 1. 82; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 2. L. affectare, to strive after a thing passionately. affect, affection, passion. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 45; vi. 5. 24; Hymn in Honour of Love, 180. L. affectus, passion, desire. affectionate, to feel affection for. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, iii. 3; scene 10. 78 (W.); p. 171, col. 1 (D.). affrap, to strike sharply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 26; iii. 2. 6. Ital. affrappare, to beat (Florio). affret, onset, fierce encounter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; iv. 3. 16. Cp. Ital. affrettare, to hasten, make speed (Florio). affront, to meet face to face, to encounter. Hamlet, iii. 1. 31; Ford, Perkin Warbeck, v. 1 (Dalyell). Affront, an accost, meeting. Greene, Tu Quoque, or The City Gallant; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 265. F. affronter, ‘to come before, or face to face’ (Cotgr.). affy, to betroth, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 80; to affy in, to trust in, Titus Andron. i. 1. 47. Anglo-F. afier, ‘affirmer, assurer; mettre sa confiance en, se fier à’ (Moisy). Med. L. affidare, ‘fidem dare’ (Ducange). afterclap, an unexpected consequence, generally unpleasant. Latimer, Serm. I, 27; after-claps, pl., Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 4; Tusser, Husbandry, § 49; Taylor, Life of Old Parr (EDD.). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). agate, on the way. ‘Let him agate’; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6 (Phantastes); ‘Let us be agate, let us start’; Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 25. In prov. use in the north country, and in various other parts of England (EDD.). agazed, astounded, amazed. Surrey, Description of Restless State, 44 in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 4); agaz’d on, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 126. Prob. a variant of ME. agast (Wyclif), E. aghast. agerdows, compounded of sour and sweet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1250. F. aigre-doux, sour-sweet. L. acer and dulcis. aggrace, to shew grace and favour. Pt. t. agraste; Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 18. Hence aggrace, sb. favour; id. ii. 8. 56. Ital. aggraziare, to confer a favour; agratiare, to favour (Florio). Med. L. aggratiare (Ducange). aggrate, to please, delight, charm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 50; v. 11. 19; vi. 10. 33. Ital. aggratare, ‘to sute’ (Florio). aglet, the metal end or tag of a lace. ‘He made hys pen of the aglet of a poynte that he plucked from hys hose’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. 1869, p. 117); a metallic stud or spangle. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 5; ‘Tremolante, aglets or spangles’ (Florio). In Cumberland the metal end of a bootlace is called an aglet (EDD.). ME. aglet, to lace wyth alle (Prompt. Harl. MS.). F. aiguillette, a point (Cotgr.). agloute, to feed to satisfaction, to glut. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 187, back, 14; lf. 41, back, 5. ME. aglotye (P. Plowman, C. x. 76). See NED. (s.v. Aglut). agnize, to recognize, acknowledge. Othello, i. 3. 232; agnise, Udall, Erasmus Apophth. (ed. 1877, 271). Formed on the analogy of recognize, cp. L. agnoscere, to acknowledge. a-good, in good earnest, heartily. Two Gent. of Verona, iv. 3; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4 (near the end); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Ithamar). See Nares. agreve, to aggravate, make more grievous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 6 (end); Sir T. More, Rich. III (ed. Lumby, p. 68, l. 13). ME. agrevyn, ‘aggravare’ (Prompt. EETS. 200). Anglo-F. agrever (Moisy). agrim, agrum, a common 16th-cent. form of ‘algorism’, a name for the Arabic or decimal system of numeration, hence arithmetic; ‘I reken, I counte by cyfers of agrym’, Palsgrave; ‘As a Cypher in Agrime’, Foxe, A. & M. iii. 265 (NED.); ‘A poor cypher in agrum’, Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 379, col. 1). ME. awgrym: ‘As siphre . . . in awgrym that noteth a place and no thing availith’ (Richard Redeles. iv. 53); algorisme (Gower, C. A. vii. 155). OF. augorisme, Med. L . algorismus, ‘numerandi ars’ (Ducange), cp. Span. alguarismo (guarismo), arithmetic (Stevens), from al- Khowârezmi, the surname of a famous Arab mathematician who lived in the 9th cent. See Dozy, Glossaire, 131.