a Fevered CresCent Security and Insecurity in the Greater Near East • James F. Miskel and P. H. Liotta A Fevered Crescent University Press of florida Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida, Sarasota University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola A Fevered Crescent Security and Insecurity in the Greater Near East • James F. Miskel and P. H. Liotta University Press of Florida Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers/Sarasota Copyright 2006 by James F. Miskel and P. H. Liotta Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All rights reserved Photo used in Chapters One and Seven: Earth Lights. Data courtesy Marc Imhoff of NASA GSFC and Christopher Elvidge of NOAA NGDC. Image by Craig Mayhew and Robert Simmon, NASA GSFC. A record of cataloging-in-publication data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8130-3594-9 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State Univer- sity, New College of Florida, University of Central Florida, Uni- versity of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://www.upf.com for our children The human tragedy reaches its climax in the fact that after all the exertions and sacrifices of hundreds of millions of people and of the victories of the Righteous Cause, we have still not found Peace or Security. —Winston Churchill The true voyage of discovery lies not so much in seeking new landscapes as in having new eyes. —Marcel Proust Contents List of Maps and Tables xi Preface xiii 1. A New Map 1 2. Pockets of Darkness 13 3. Cities of Hope, Cities of Fear 31 4. Rethinking Security 59 5. Governance and Democracy 72 6. Foreign Policy Implications 88 7. A New Covenant 105 Notes 129 Index 145