A Culture of Light This page intentionally left blank A Culture of Light C inema and Te c hno l og y i n 1 9 2 0 s G e rman y F R A N C E S G U E R I N University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis • London The University of Minnesota Press acknowledges the work of Edward Dimendberg, editorial consultant, on this project. Portions of this book fi rst appeared in “Dazzled by the Light: Technological Entertainment and Its Social Impact in Varieté,” Cinema Journal 42, no. 4 (2003): 98–115. Copyright 2003 by the University of Texas Press. All rights reserved. Copyright 2005 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guerin, Frances. A culture of light : cinema and technology in 1920s Germany / Frances Guerin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8166-4285-0 (hc : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-8166-4286-9 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Motion pictures—Germany—History. 2. Cinematography—Lighting. I. Title. PN1993.5.G3G84 2005 791.43'0943'09042—dc22 2004022373 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In memory of my father Robert Langley Guerin This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction xiii 1. The Electrifi cation of Life, Cinema, and Art 1 2. Bringing Cinema to Life through Light: German Film to World War I 48 3. Legends of Light and Shadow: The Mythical Past in Algol and Schatten 74 4. The Spell of Light: Cinema as Modern Magic in Faust, Der Golem, Siegfried, and Metropolis 109 5. Reformulations of Space through Light in Die Straße, Jenseits der Straße, and Am Rande der Welt 154 6. Dazzled by the Profusion of Lights: Technological Entertainment in Varieté and Sylvester 192 Conclusion 231 Notes 243 Index 307 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments have managed to involve many people in the research and writing of this book, all of whom have given generously and selfl essly of their time and I expertise. The number of people to whom I owe its completion exceeds that which I could ever have imagined at its inception. Over the course of the book I became reliant on the patient assistance of librarians and archivists. In particular, I thank those at the Bundesarchiv- Filmarchiv, the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek, Museum für Technik, Berlin, and the British Film Institute in London. At the Netherlands Film- museum, I am indebted to Ivo Blom, who pointed me in invaluable di- rections for fi lm viewing, and the other staff who went out of their way to accommodate my research demands. I am also grateful to those at the Munich Filmmuseum, especially Gerhard Ullmann, who generously put the collection at my disposal. My thanks also go to Charles Silver at the Museum of Modern Art for giving me access to the museum’s silent fi lm collections and guiding me through the accompanying documents. Anne Hoormann also assisted with bibliographic information and its location in Germany. And thanks to Joseph Yransky, who kindly supplied me with images from his private collection. Likewise, the work would never have come to fruition without the gen- erous fi nancial support of a number of institutions. I thank the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) for funding two research trips to Germany and the Department of Cinema Studies at New York University for its generous support through the George Amberg Memorial Dissertation ix