A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED WHITE AND NEGRO YOUTH OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CERTAIN BASIC SOCIAL ATTITUDES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School The University of Southern California In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Clarence Windzell Norris November 1950 UMI Number: DP31711 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. DSssettatficffl Pubiisrsng UMI DP31711 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 PhD. So, 'Si NgS* This dissertation, written by .C.lsr.^no..e...Wln^[email protected]..... under the guidance of AiSL— Faculty Committee on Studies, and approved by all its members, has been presented to and accepted by the Council on Graduate Study and Research, in partial ful­ fillment of requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PH ILO SO PH Y fzLfc. Date Committee on Studies Chairman / TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION...................... 1 General social setting of* problem. . . . . . . . 1 General objectives of present study....... 3 Limitations of the study...................... Definitions of terms.......................... 6 Sources of data and methods of procedure • • • • 11 The two racial groups studied............. 13 Personal information ........................ l*f Administration of questionnaires • • • • • • • • 15 Organization of the chapters.................. 15 Summary • • • • • ......................... 16 II. ‘REVIEW OF SELECTED RELATED STUDIES.............. 18 American Youth Commission studies.............. 19 Exclusive Negro youth studies................ 19 Other youth studies.......................... 23 Other studies dealing with youth attitudes toward family, church and religion, school, employment opportunities, recreational facili­ ties, delinquency, race relations, and marriage and sex......................... 2b Summary............. 2d III. THE SOCIAL SETTING OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS........ 30 Geographical location of San Antonio in relation ill iv CHAPTER PAGE > to its cultural setting.................... 30 Racial composition of San Antonio population. . 31 Social aspects of racial segregation.......... 37 Racial segregation laws passed by Texas legislature ................... Mf Racial segregation in San Antonio, Texas. . . . k-7 Social stratification in San Antonio.......... 62 Summary. ................................. .• • • • 66 IV. ATTITUDES TOWARD TEE FAMILY.................... 71 Summary • • • • • • • • • ...................... 102 V. ATTITUDES TOWARD THE_ CHURCH AND RELIGION...........107 Summary................• • • • • • • • • • • • 130 VI. ATTITUDES TOWARD THE SCHOOL.................... 13** Summary • ..........• • • • . • • • • • • • • * 156 VII. ATTITUDES TOWARD EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES . . . . 159 Summary................. 173 VIII. ATTITUDES TOWARD RECREATIONAL FACILITIES...........182 Summary • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 202 IX. ATTITUDES TOWARD JUVENILE DELINQUENCY.............205 Summary * . • • • • • • • • .............. •• 222 X. ATTITUDES TOWARD RACE RELATIONS.................. 226 Summary............. ............ • • • • • • • 2^7 XI. ATTITUDES TOWARD MARRIAGE AND SEX . . . . . . . . 250 Summary . . . . . . . . ...................... 268 V CHAPTER PAGE XII. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . 271 Summary ........... 271 Sociological implications and conclusions . • . 282 Recommendations . ........... 288 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................291 APPENDICES L APPENDIX A— Names of the Six San Antonio Schools in Which Subjects Used in this Study Were Enrolled 19^-19^9 . . ...... 303 APPENDIX B— Questionnaire Used in Connection with Study ........... 305 APPENDIX C— Letter of Instructions to the Person Chosen to Administer the Question­ naires. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 311 APPENDIX D— Summary Tabulations of Critical Ratios According to the Numbering of Each Statement in Part I of the Questionnaire ...... 313 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I* Age and Sex Distribution of the Two San Antonio Youth Groups Studied • • • • • • • • • • • • . 5 II. Total White and Negro Population of San Antonio, Texas from 18J0 to 19*K>. • • • • • • • • • • . 32 III. The Number and Percentage of Anglo-Americans, Latin Americans, and Negroes in Total San Antonio Population from 1900 to 19**0 . . . 3*f IV. Population in San Antonio, Texas, Fifteen to Twenty-four Years of Age by Sex and Race 1930 and 19^0 • • • • ............. 36 V. Responses of Selected San Antonio Negro and White Youth with Regard to Good Treatment Received from Their Parents. • • • • • • • • • 75 VI. The Answers of the Selected San Antonio Youth with Reference to Any Bad Habits of Their Parents. ........• • • • • ............... 80 VII. Comparison of the Responses of Selected San Antonio Youth with Regard to Carrying Out the Wishes of Their Parents. • • • • • • • 83 VIII. The Responses of Selected San Antonio Youth Relative to Their Attitude Toward Quitting School to Take Care of Their Parents • • • • • 86 vi vii TABLE PAGE IX* The Responses of the San Antonio Youth Concern­ ing Their Peeling That Their Parents Care More about Others Than They Do Their Own Children • 87 X* The Answers of the San Antonio Youth in Regard to Their Opinion of Their Family*s Ambition to Have Something............... 89 XI* Comparison of the Responses of the San Antonio Youth Concerning Their Attitude toward Their Parents* Willingness to Make Sacrifices for Them • • • • * • • •• •• • • • • • • • • • • 91 XII* The Replies of the San Antonio Youth Relative to Their Satisfaction with the Accommodations in Their Homes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 92 XIII* Home Ownership of Parents of $2b Selected San Antonio Youth* • • * • • • • • • • • • • • 9b XIV. Number and Percentage of Owner Occupied Non- Farm Homes in Four Largest Cities of Texas, by Race, 19**0* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 XV* Comparison of the Answers of the San Antonio Youth in Regard to Their Satisfaction with the Attitudes That Their Parents Show to Each Other. • • • • • • • • • • * . • • • • • • • • 97 XVI. The Replies of the San Antonio Youth Regarding Their Desire That Their Father Follow a viii TABLE PAGE Different Occupation • • • • • . « • • • • • . 100 XVII. Occupations That Selected San Antonio Youth Desire That Their Fathers Follow • • • • . . . 101 XVIII. Occupational Distribution of Fathers of Selected San Antonio Negro and Miite Youth. .... . . . . 103 XIX. Comparison of the Responses of Selected San Antonio Youth Regarding Their Church Membership • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • Ill XX. Comparison of the Responses of Selected San Antonio Youth with Reference to Their Belief in God. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . ll*f XXI. The Answers of the San Antonio Youth Regarding Their Parents Making Them Go to Church • • • • 116 XXII. The Answers of the San Antonio Youth Concerning Their Attitude toward Prayer • » • • • • • • • 119 XXIII. Responses of the San Antonio Youth Compared with Regard to Their Belief in the Bible. . • • • • 120 XXIV. Comparison of the Replies of the San Antonio Youth Concerning Their Attitude toward Ministers1 Acquisition of Money • • • • • • • 122 XXV. The Compared Answers of Selected San Antonio Youth Relative to Their Opinion of the Import­ ance of the Religion of Negroes. . . . . . . . 12b XXVI. The Answers of the San Antonio Youth with ix TABLE PAGE Reference to Life after Death • . ......... . . 126 XXVII. Comparison of the Responses of the San Antonio Youth Concerning Their Attitude toward the Drinking of Intoxicating Liquor............ 128 XXVIII. The Replies of the San Antonio Youth Regarding What They Think of Religion . . ............... 129 XXIX. Protestant Churches in San Antonio 19^9 . • • • • 131 XXX. The Responses of San Antonio Youth Compared with Regard to Their Opinion of the Value of Educa­ tion in Getting More Enjoyment out of Life. • • 13? XXXI. The Comparison of the Answers of San Antonio Youth Relative to the Availability of the Course in Which They Are Interested . . . . . . 137 XXXII. Comparison of the Replies of the San Antonio Youth with Regard to Their Attitude toward a Course in Marriage Being Taught in High School and College • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l*fl XXXIII. The Answers of the San Antonio Youth Regarding the Addition of More Information to the School Curriculum Concerning the Achievements of Racial Minorities . . . . • . • .. . .. . . • 1**3 XXXIV. The Replies Compared of the San Antonio Youth Relative to Their Desire to Go to School. . . .